Microstructure and Contact Fatigue Behavior of Nano-SiO_2/Ni Coating Prepared by Electro-Brush Plating

The composite coating nano SiO 2/Ni was prepared by co depositing nano SiO 2 particles with pure nickel through electro brush plating. By taking into account the effect of microstructure, heat treatment and load on the contact fatigue life, the anti contact fatigue behavior of the composite coating was examined and compared with that of nickel coating. As a result, the contact fatigue life decreased with the increasing of load. The contact fatigue lives of nano SiO 2/Ni coating were 16.5% and 45.2% higher than those of nickel coating respectively under the loads of 60 N and 140 N, and 326.3% higher than its counterpart of nickel coating after annealed under the load of 140 N. From the SEM image of fatigue fracture, it has been observed that the fatigue fracture of the composite coating initiated in the sub surface as well as at the track surface due to the huddling of units, and propagated along the interface between grain units.

High-temperature tribological properties of Ni-P alloy coatings deposited by electro-brush plating

High-temperature tribological properties of Ni-P alloy coatings processed by electro-brush plating on 20CrMo steel have been investigated. A baU-on-disc configuration was employed and 4 mm diameter Si3N4 balls were used as static counterpart. All the wear tests were carried out at 450℃ for 180 rain without lubricants. The electro-brush plating Ni-P coating is amorphous in as-deposited condition, and it becomes polycrystalline with the formation of Ni and Ni3P after heat treatment at 450℃for 1 h. The friction coefficient of the Ni-P coating is just 50% of that of the 20CrMo steel at the friction temperature of 450℃. A mild adhesive wear mechanism was found for the electro-brush plating Ni-P coating tested at 450℃, whereas for the 20CrMo steel at the same temperature a mixed adhesive and abrasive wear mechanism was observed.

Friction and Wear Characteristics of Brush Plating Ni/nano-Al2O3 Composite Coating under Sand-Containing Oil

Ni-matrix composite coating containing AI2O3 nano-particles is prepared by brush plating. The effects of the nano-particles on the microstructure, microhardness and tribological properties of the composite coating under the lubrication of a diesel oil containing sand are investigated. The results show that the microstructure of the composite coating is finer than that of the pure nickel coating due to the codeposition of the nano-particles. When the nano-particle concentration in the electroplating bath reaches 20 g/L, the microhardness, and wear resistance of the composite coating is as much as 1.6 times and 1.3-2.5 times of those of the pure nickel coating respectively. The main hardening mechanism of the composite coating is superfine crystal grain strengthening and dispersion strengthening. The composite coating is characterized by scuffing as it slides against Si3N4 under the present test conditions.

Composition and corrosion resistance of palladium film on 316L stainless steel by brush plating

Palladium films with good adhesive strength were deposited on 316L stainless steel by brush plating. Scanning electronic microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy （XPS）, mass loss tests and electrochemical methods were used to study the properties of the films. The brush plated palladium film mainly consisted of palladium. XPS analysis indicated that palladium was present in the films as metal state. The palladium plated stainless steel samples showed excellent corrosion resistance in boiling 20% H2SO4 solution and boiling acetic/formic acids with 0.005 mol/L Br- ions added. The corrosion rates of the palladium plated 316L stainless steel samples were about two orders of magnitude lower than those of the original 316L stainless steel samples. This method provides a possibility to prepare protective palladium films on stainless steel facilities with large areas in industrial sites.

Low temperature bonding of LD31 aluminum alloys by electric brush plating Ni and Cu coatings

Soldering of LD31 aluminum alloys using Sn-Pb solder paste after electric brush plating Ni and Cu coatings was investigated. The technology of electric brush plating Ni and Cu was studied and plating solution was developed. The microstructure of the coatings, soldered joint and fracture face were analyzed using optic microscopy, SEM and EDX. The shear strength of soldered joint could reach as high as 26.83MPa. The results showed that reliable soldered joint could be obtained at 230℃, the adhesion of coatings and LD31 aluminum alloy substrate was high enough to bear the thermal process in the soldering.

Properties and strengthening mechanism of brush plated nanoparticle reinforced composite coatings

Nanoparticle reinforced nickel matrix composite coatings, such as n-Al2O3/Ni, n-SiO2/Ni, n-SiC/Ni and n-TiO2/Ni, were fabricated by brush plating technique. Hardness, wear resistance and contact-fatigue resistance of the composite coatings were determined, and strengthening mechanism of the composite coatings was discussed. Results show that the composite coatings have superior properties to the Ni metal coating. Compared with properties of brush plated Ni metal coating, the composite coatings have hardness over 1.5 times and wear resistance capability of about 2.5 times. The strengthening mechanism of the composite coatings mainly includes fine-crystal grain effect, nanoparticle dispersion effect and dislocation effect.

Virtual instrument for monitoring process of brush plating

A virtual instrument(Ⅵ) was developed to monitor the technological parameters in the process of brush plating, including coating thickness, brush-plating current, current density, deposition rate, and brush plating voltage. Meanwhile two approaches were presented to improve the measurement accuracy of coating thickness. One of them aims at eliminating the random interferences by moving average filtering; while the other manages to calculate the quantity of electricity consumed accurately with rectangular integration. With these two approaches, the coating thickness can be measured in real time with higher accuracy than the voltage-frequency conversion method. During the process of plating all the technological parameters are displayed visually on the front panel of the Ⅵ. Once brush current or current density overruns the limited values, or when the coating thickness reaches the objective value, the virtual will alarm. With this Ⅵ, the solution consumption can be decreased and the operating efficiency is improved.

Morphology and tribological properties of Ni/n-SiO_2 composite coatings by pulse-reverse current brush-plating

Ni/n-SiO2 composite coating was electrodeposited by brush-plating with pulse-reverse current（RC）. The morphology, hardness, and tribological properties of the coating were investigated and compared with those of Ni and composite coatings electrodeposited with direct current（DC）. The results indicate that Ni/n-SiO2 composite coating electrodeposited by RC, because of RC and the nano powders, has denser coating, finer crystal grains, higher hardness（HV650.0, nearly 1.5 times higher than that of Ni coating electrodeposited by DC） and lower friction coefficient（nearly 0.62）, as a result, in the wearing experiment, the Ni/n-SiO2 composite coating electrodeposited by RC has the least worn loss. So this kind of coating has better wear resistance. And RC electro brush-plating can be used as a new technology of brush-plating in the area of wear resistance.

Study on Microstructures and Properties of Electro Brush-plating Composite Coatings

In this paper, composite coatings were prepared using improved electro brush-plating, and the possibility and feasibility of obtaining of composite coatings with various hard dispersion paticles (C^Os. SiC, ZrO, A^Ojetc.) were studied.The microstructure, constitution, microhardness and wear resistance were examined. The results show that.electro brush-plating composite coatings have finner microstructures and higher microhardness and wear-resistance than ordinary electro brush-plating coatings.The research results can be used in repairing and surface strengthening of worn machine parts,and have practical uses.

MICROSTRUCTURE AND MECHANISM OF A NEW TYPE OF Ni－Fe－W－P－S WEAR－RESISTANT BRUSH PLATING LAYER

A new type of Ni-Fe-W-P-S wear-resistant brush plating layer isdeveloped, and its microstructure is investigated at different temperatures by usingX-ray diffractometer, transmission electron microscope and surface analytical appa-ratus. The results revealed that the plating layer is composed of amorphous and mi-crocrystalline matrix and intermetallic compounds. Such a microstructure is verybeneficial to improving its wear-resistance.This new type of plating layer can replacethe chromium plating technique which is very poisonous for human health and harm-ful to the agricultural production.

Effect of Rare Earths on the Quality of Brush-plated Coating

The effect of rare earth(RE) additives on the quality of brush plated coating was studied by adding RE into brush plating solution. The results show that RE make the surface smooth and shiny, reduce residual stress within the coating and reinforced bond, and increase the wearability and corrosion resistance.

Effect of Rare Earth Elements on Depositing Rate of Nickel Alloy Brush Plating Coatings

The effect of four kinds of rare earth elements on the depositing rate of Ni-based alloy brush plating coatings was investigated. The results indicate that all of the selected rare earth elements increase the depositing rate of Ni-based alloy coatings, and Sm increases the depositing rate most obviously. There is an optimum amount of rare earth addition in the plating solution. With the change of plating voltage to a certain extent, the results reveal no differences. The mechanism of the increase of the depositing rate was analyzed.

XPS study of the corrosion resisting composite alloying layer obtained by double glow plasma with the brush plating Ni interlayer

The Ni-Cr-Mo-Cu multi-element surface alloying with the electric brushplating Ni interlayer on the low carbon steel substrate has been investigated. By theelectrochemical method in 3.5 percent (mass fraction) NaCl solution, the corrosion resistance of thecomposite alloying layer and single alloying layer is determined. The experimental results showthat the corrosion resistance of the composite alloying layer is obviously better than that of thesingle alloying layer. The structure and composition of passive films formed on the two kinds ofalloyed layers after electrochemical tests in 3.5 percent NaCl solution have been studied usingX-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). It is concluded that the double glow plasma surface alloyingof low carbon steel with the electric brush plating Ni interlayer is an appropriate technique toenhance the corrosion resistance compared with the single double glow surface alloying.

Study on Technology and Properties of Brush Plating Coatings

A new brush plating process with a soluble anode of nickel was introduced. TDY112 brush plating solution was used on the No.20 carbon steel substrate. It has the higher deposit velocity, better properties and lower cost. Scanning electronic microscopy(SEM), optical microscope, microhardness test and wear test were adopted to detect the surface quality and the properties of the coating, such as micrograph, microstructure, micro-hardness wear resistance and adherence between the coating and the substrate. The experimental results showed that the suitable technological parameters to be used, the coatings had better the surface quality, higher hardness and wear resistance.

Automatic brush-plating technology for component remanufacturing

An automatic brush-plating system was developed for component remanufacturing. With this system, Ni/nano-alumina composite coatings from an electrolyte containing 20g/L nano-alumina particles were prepared. Microstructure, surface morphology, microhardness and wear resistance of automatically plated coatings and manually plated coatings were investigated comparatively. The results show that the automatically plated coatings are relatively dense and uniform and have lower friction coefficient of 0.089 under lubricant condition, when compared with manually plated coatings with friction coefficient of 0.14.

METAL SURFACE MODIFICATION──RESEARCH OF BRUSH PLATING TECHNOLOGY OF CrLAYER

Trivalen t Cr layers are studied by direct current brush- plating and pulse current brush-plating. Under the SEM,the appearence,the morphology of cross sections and normal sec- tions of the layers are observed and analysed,the hardness, bond intensities and corrosion- resis- tance are measured. Then, the election- probe and X ray diffraction instruments are used to study the bond and harden mechanism of lavers,The result of research shows that: the harden ef- fect of the layers is caused by the extra- fine grains and internal stress in the layers. And the lay- ers and basis are joined by mechanical bond,metal bond and diffuse bond. All these kinds of bonds lie on different places of interface, they make the layers and base metal unit well.

电刷镀制备银/银-石墨烯复合镀层及其性能

在KI体系中采用电刷镀方法在铜基体上制备了银/银-石墨烯复合镀层,研究了镀液中石墨稀含量对所制备复合镀层附着力、接触电阻、物相、耐蚀性和耐磨性的影响。结果表明:纯银镀层和复合镀层的附着力都达到标准要求;在NaCl和H_(2)SO_(4)腐蚀介质中,复合镀层的腐蚀速率均小于纯银镀层,在NaOH腐蚀介质中则相反;复合镀层的平均摩擦因数和磨损率最低,分别为0.274和5.68×10^(-6)mg/(m·N),远小于纯银镀层,接触电阻与纯银镀层相差不大。

镍-钴-氧化铝复合电刷镀工艺及其性能

[目的]研究不同工艺参数和Al_(2)O_(3)纳米颗粒用量对45钢表面复合电刷镀Ni-Co-Al_(2)O_(3)的影响,提升45钢的耐磨性。[方法]通过扫描电子显微镜观察不同条件下所得镀层的表面形貌及截面形貌,以确定合适的工艺参数。再在此基础上研究了Al_(2)O_(3)纳米颗粒质量浓度对Ni-Co-Al_(2)O_(3)复合镀层显微硬度和耐磨性的影响,结合磨损形貌观察和元素组成分析,探讨了复合镀层的磨损机理。[结果]复合电刷镀的较佳工艺参数为:电压10 V,温度40~50℃,镀笔速率6~8 m/min。镀液中Al_(2)O_(3)纳米颗粒的质量浓度为20 g/L时,Ni-Co-Al_(2)O_(3)复合镀层的显微硬度最高(约为850 HV),耐磨性最好。Ni-Co-Al_(2)O_(3)复合镀层的磨损机理以疲劳磨损为主,并伴随轻微的粘着磨损。[结论]通过电刷镀技术可在45钢表面获得高硬度、耐磨损的Ni-Co-Al_(2)O_(3)复合镀层。

锆离子作用下镀锌板刷涂磷化-皂化工艺及膜层性能

[目的]对于一些应用于特殊场合的镀锌板,在磷化后还要进行皂化处理,以满足摩擦因数低及耐蚀性优良的使用要求。[方法]采用刷涂的方式对镀锌板磷化处理后再皂化。对比了镀锌板经不同工艺处理后的表面微观形貌、动摩擦因数和耐蚀性。研究了刷涂磷化液中添加不同质量浓度(0~20 g/L)的锆盐时对磷化-皂化膜层表面微观形貌和动摩擦因数的影响。[结果]皂化处理可提高磷化膜表面的平整性和均匀性,降低磷化膜的动摩擦因数,但对磷化膜水接触角的影响很小。磷化液中添加锆盐可以有效降低磷化-皂化膜层的动摩擦因数,令其满足动摩擦因数小于0.16的应用要求。[结论]通过刷涂方式可在镀锌板表面获得动摩擦因素低、耐蚀性好的磷化-皂化膜,有望实现工程化应用。

旋翼轴用Ni−Al_(2)O_(3)−PTFE复合镀层的制备与摩擦学性能

针对国内航空传动系统翻修间隔时间短的不足,以硬质颗粒Al_(2)O_(3)和润滑材料PTFE作为微粒,采用电刷镀技术在旋翼轴常用过渡层金属材料T2紫铜片表面,制备Ni−Al_(2)O_(3),Ni−PTFE,Ni−Al_(2)O_(3)−PTFE复合镀层,采用扫描电镜、显微硬度仪表征分析镀层微观形貌、元素含量分布及硬度;采用自制的销盘式摩擦磨损试验机对镀层试样进行摩擦磨损试验,探究镀层摩擦学性能及其磨损机理。结果表明:随Al_(2)O_(3)颗粒含量的提高,Ni−Al_(2)O_(3)−PTFE复合镀层表面微晶单元尺寸减小,硬度提高,Ni−Al_(2)O_(3)−PTFE(3∶1)显微硬度最大为236 HV,相比于Ni−PTFE复合镀层提升约66%;Ni−Al_(2)O_(3)−PTFE复合镀层结合了Al_(2)O_(3)和PTFE两者的优势,在具有减摩的同时,还具有良好的耐磨性能,Ni−Al_(2)O_(3)−PTFE(1∶1)复合镀层的减摩性能最优,相比于Ni−Al_(2)O_(3)其摩擦系数降低约52%;Ni−Al_(2)O_(3)−PTFE(3∶1)复合镀层的耐磨性能最优,相比于Ni−PTFE其磨损率降低约85%;Ni−Al_(2)O_(3)−PTFE复合镀层的磨损形式主要是机械磨损,存在轻微的氧化磨损和黏着磨损,复合镀层表面微凸体的塑性变形可为摩擦表面提供润滑膜,其中PTFE是自润滑颗粒,Al_(2)O_(3)颗粒起到支撑与强化的作用,保护镀层免受磨损。