Minimizing sperm oxidative stress using nanotechnology for breeding programs in rams

Background Artificial insemination(AI)is a routine breeding technology in animal reproduction.Nevertheless,the temperature-sensitive nature and short fertile lifespan of ram sperm samples hamper its use in AI.In this sense,nanotechnology is an interesting tool to improve sperm protection due to the development of nanomaterials for AI,which could be used as delivery vehicles.In this work,we explored the feasibility of vitamin E nanoemulsion(NE)for improving sperm quality during transport.Results With the aim of evaluating this proposal,ejaculates of 7 mature rams of Manchega breed were collected by artificial vagina and extended to 60×10^(6)spz/mL in AndromedR.Samples containing control and NE(12 mmol/L)with and without exogenous oxidative stress(100μmol/L Fe2+/ascorbate)were stored at 22 and 15℃and motility(CASA),viability(YO-PRO/PI),acrosomal integrity(PNA-FITC/PI),mitochondrial membrane potential(Mitotracker Deep Red 633),lipoperoxidation(C11 BODIPY 581/591),intracellular reactive oxygen species(ROS)production and DNA status(SCSAR)monitored during 96 h.Our results show that NE could be used to maintain ram spermatozoa during transport at 15 and 22℃for up to 96 h,with no appreciable loss of kinematic and physiological characteristics of freshly collected samples.Conclusions The storage of ram spermatozoa in liquid form for 2-5 d with vitamin E nanoemulsions may lead more flexibility to breeders in AI programs.In view of the potential and high versatility of these nanodevices,further studies are being carried out to assess the proposed sperm preservation medium on fertility after artificial insemination.

Development in oxide metallurgy for improving the weldability of high -strength low-alloy steel-Combined deoxidizers and microalloying elements

The mechanisms of oxide metallurgy include inducing the formation of intragranular acicular ferrite(IAF)using micron-sized inclusions and restricting the growth of prior austenite grains(PAGs)by nanosized particles during welding.The chaotically oriented IAF and refined PAGs inhibit crack initiation and propagation in the steel,resulting in high impact toughness.This work summarizes the com-bined effect of deoxidizers and alloying elements,with the aim to provide a new perspective for the research and practice related to im-proving the impact toughness of the heat affected zone(HAZ)during the high heat input welding.Ti complex deoxidation with other strong deoxidants,such as Mg,Ca,Zr,and rare earth metals(REMs),can improve the toughness of the heat-affected zone(HAZ)by re-fining PAGs or increasing IAF contents.However,it is difficult to identify the specific phase responsible for IAF nucleation because ef-fective inclusions formed by complex deoxidation are usually multiphase.Increasing alloying elements,such as C,Si,Al,Nb,or Cr,con-tents can impair HAZ toughness.A high C content typically increases the number of coarse carbides and decreases the potency of IAF formation.Si,Cr,or Al addition leads to the formation of undesirable microstructures.Nb reduces the high-temperature stability of the precipitates.Mo,V,and B can enhance HAZ toughness.Mo-containing precipitates present good thermal stability.VN or V(C,N)is ef-fective in promoting IAF nucleation due to its good coherent crystallographic relationship with ferrite.The formation of the B-depleted zone around the inclusion promotes IAF formation.The interactions between alloying elements are complex,and the effect of adding dif-ferent alloying elements remains to be evaluated.In the future,the interactions between various alloying elements and their effects on ox-ide metallurgy,as well as the calculation of the nucleation effects of effective inclusions using first principles calculations will become the focus of oxide metallurgy.

Research Progress on the Bismuth Containing Complex Oxide in Photocatalystic Technology

The photocatalytic degradation on the bismuth containing complex oxide was revised in detail including the synthesis and classification of photocatalyts, and then the photocatalytic reaction, scavenger, and the mechanism of reaction. In particular, the perspectives of photocatalytic degradation on the bismuth containing oxide were analyzed in detail.

Study on Enzymatic Hydrolysis Technology and Antioxidant Activity of Glutinous Rice Glutinous Enzymatic Processes and Antioxidant Activity

[ Objective] This study aimed to investigate enzymatic hydrolysis technology of glutinous rice and the oxidation resistance activity of the enzymatic hydrolysis solution. [ Method ] White glutinous rice was hydrolyzed using four kinds of proteases including neutral protease, alkaline protease, papain and trypsin. Using the scavenging rate of hydroxyl radical （ ·OH） as an indicator and appropriate protease as hydrolytic enzyme, the effects of protein substrate concentration, enzyme dosage, enzymatic hydrolysis temperature and initial pH on the abilities of proteases to scavenge hydroxyl radical from enzymatic hydrolysis solution of glutinous rice were investigated. Based on single-factor test, L9 （34） orthogonal experimental design was adopted, to determine the optimal enzymatic hydrolysis condi- tions leading to the highest oxidation resistance activity of enzymatic hydrolysis solution. [ Result] The optimized process parameters for enzymatic hydrolysis of glu- tinous rice protein with neutral protease were： protein substrate concentration of 2%, enzyme dosage of 24 000 U/g protein （protein meter）, enzymatic hydrolysis temperature of 55 ℃, initial pH of 8.0, and enzymatic hydrolysis duration of 0.5 h; under these conditions, the hydroxyl radical scavenging rate could reach 56. 05% ; protein substrate concentration, enzyme dosage, enzymatic hydrolysis temperature and initial pH had extremely significant effects on the hydroxyl radical scavenging rate. In addition, the activities of antioxidant peptides in glutinous rice hydrolysates were well maintained within a temperature range of 60 - 100℃. [Condusion] The study produced theoretical feasibility reference for the production of functional base powder by spray drying.

Multifunctional silicon-based light emitting device in standard complementary metal oxide semiconductor technology

A three-terminal silicon-based light emitting device is proposed and fabricated in standard 0.35 μm complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor technology. This device is capable of versatile working modes： it can emit visible to near infra-red （NIR） light （the spectrum ranges from 500 nm to 1000 nm） in reverse bias avalanche breakdown mode with working voltage between 8.35 V-12 V and emit NIR light （the spectrum ranges from 900 nm to 1300 nm） in the forward injection mode with working voltage below 2 V. An apparent modulation effect on the light intensity from the polysilicon gate is observed in the forward injection mode. Furthermore, when the gate oxide is broken down, NIR light is emitted from the polysilicon/oxide/silicon structure. Optoelectronic characteristics of the device working in different modes are measured and compared. The mechanisms behind these different emissions are explored.

Graphene oxide-lithium-ion batteries:inauguration of an era in energy storage technology

A significant driving force behind the brisk research on rechargeable batteries,particularly lithium-ion batteries(LiBs)in high-performance applications,is the development of portable devices and electric vehicles.Carbon-based materials,which have finite specific capacity,make up the anodes of LiBs.Many attempts are being made to produce novel nanostructured composite anode materials for LiBs that display cycle stability that is superior to that of graphite using graphene oxide.Therefore,using significant amounts of waste graphene oxide from used LiBs represents a fantastic opportunity to engage in waste management and circular economy.This review outlines recent studies,developments and the current advancement of graphene oxide-based LiBs,including preparation of graphene oxide and utilization in LiBs,particularly from the perspective of energy storage technology,which has drawn more and more attention to creating high-performance electrode systems.

A novel advanced oxidation process to degrade organic pollutants in wastewater:Microwave-activated persulfate oxidation

This article, for the first time, provides a novel advanced oxidation process based on sulfate radical （SO^4·-） to degrade organic pollutants in wastewater： microwave （MW）-activated persulfate oxidation （APO） with or without active carbon （AC）. Azo dye acid Orange 7 （AO7） is used as a model compound to investigate the high reactivity of MW-APO. It is found that AO7 （up to 1000 mg/L） is completely decolorized within 5-7 min under an 800 W MW furnace assisted-APO. In the presence of chloride ion （up to 0.50 mol/L）, the decolorization is still 100% completed, though delayed for about 1-2 min. Experiments are made to examine the enhancement by AC. It is exciting to find that the 100% decolorization of AO7 （500 mg/L） is achieved within 3 min by MW-APO using 1.0 g/L AC as catalyst, while the degradation efficiency maintains at 50% by MW energy without persulfate after about 5 min. Besides the destruction of visible light chromophore band of AO7 （484 nm）, during MW-APO, two bands in the ultraviolet region （228 nm and 310 nm） are rapidly broken down. The removal of COD is about 83%-95% for 500 mg/L AO7. SO^4·- is identified with quenching studies using specific alcohols. Both SO^4·- and ·OH could degrade AO7, but SO^4·- plays the dominant role. In a word, MW-APO AC is a new catalytic combustion technology for destruction of organic contamination even for high concentration.

Development of catalytic combustion and CO_(2)capture and conversion technology

Changes are needed to improve the efficiency and lower the CO_(2)emissions of traditional coal-fired power generation,which is the main source of global CO_(2)emissions.The integrated gasification fuel cell(IGFC)process,which combines coal gasification and high-temperature fuel cells,was proposed in 2017 to improve the efficiency of coal-based power generation and reduce CO_(2)emissions.Supported by the National Key R&D Program of China,the IGFC for nearzero CO_(2)emissions program was enacted with the goal of achieving near-zero CO_(2)emissions based on(1)catalytic combustion of the flue gas from solid oxide fuel cell(SOFC)stacks and(2)CO_(2)conversion using solid oxide electrolysis cells(SOECs).In this work,we investigated a kW-level catalytic combustion burner and SOEC stack,evaluated the electrochemical performance of the SOEC stack in H2O electrolysis and H2O/CO_(2)co-electrolysis,and established a multiscale and multi-physical coupling simulation model of SOFCs and SOECs.The process developed in this work paves the way for the demonstration and deployment of IGFC technology in the future.

Photocatalytic Oxidation Property of LaFe_(1-y)Cu_yO_3 and Study on Positron Annihilation

Pervoskite-type oxides LaFe_ 1-yCu_yO_3 was prepared by citrate method. Using a fluorescent Hg lamp as irradiator, the degradation experiments of acid red 3B were carried out in the suspension system of LaFe_ 1-yCu_yO_3. The results show that the doped oxides LaFe_ 1-yCu_yO_3 have good photocatalytic oxidation property. With the study of positron annihilation, its photocatalytic activity is mainly related with defect structures resulted by doping.

Advanced Treatment of Biologically Treated Chemical Comprehensive Wastewater by Nano-TiO2 Photocatalytic Oxidation

Nano-TiO2 photocatalytic oxidation was used to perform the advanced treatment of biologically treated chemical comprehensive wastewater. The effects of reaction time,nano-TiO2 dosage and initial p H of the wastewater on the removal rate of COD were tested. The GC/MS and EEM techniques were used to qualitatively analyze organic compounds in the wastewater before and after treatment. The result showed that after the biologically treated chemical comprehensive wastewater was treated by nano-TiO2 photocatalytic oxidation under the conditions of reaction time 3 h,nano-TiO2 dosage 8 g/L,and pH 8. 0,the effluent COD was 61. 9 mg/L and its removal rate was 63. 8%. Additionally,the species of organic pollutants reduced from 12 to 6. Meanwhile,the content of humic-like and fulvic-like substances dropped dramatically.

The Technology of Green Chemistry and Its Function in Redox Response and: Environmentally Friendly Technology for Sustainable Development: Assessment of Recent Findings

Sustainability is the ability to nurture or support a process for a long time without compromising the needs of future generations. Rather, sustainable chemistry is a term that refers to the production of chemical products and processes that reduce or eliminate the use and production of hazardous substances. Green chemistry creates alternative technologies that are safer for human health and the environment to prevent further damage to human health and the environment, such as reducing the release of hazardous chemicals into the air, leading to reduced lung damage. Although sustainable and environmentally friendly technologies have evolved in other areas of science, their use in redox reactions and industry is still in its early stages. The current review aims to highlight the need for green chemistry as a sustainable chemistry and its principles and its application to produce environmentally friendly industrial products and to reduce or stop the production of harmful intermediates and products during its synthesis process.

Formation of Platinum (Pt) Nanocluster Coatings on K-OMS-2 Manganese Oxide Membranes by Reactive Spray Deposition Technique (RSDT) for Extended Stability during CO Oxidation

Nanocluster formation of a metallic platinum (Pt) coating, on manganese oxide inorganic membranes impregnated with multiwall carbon nanotubes (K-OMS-2/MWCNTs), applied by reactive spray deposition technology (RSDT) is discussed. RSDT applies thin films of Pt nanoclusters on the substrate;the thickness of the film can be easily controlled. The K-OMS-2/MWCNTs fibers were enclosed by the thin film of Pt. X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy/X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM/XEDS), focus ion beam/scanning electron microscopy (FIB/SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and X-ray 3D micro-tomography (MicroXCT) which have been used to characterize the resultant Pt/K-OMS-2/MWCNTs membrane. The non-destructive characterization technique (MicroXCT) resolves the Pt layer on the upper layer of the composite membrane and also shows that the membrane is composed of sheets superimposed into stacks. The nanostructured coating on the composite membrane material has been evaluated for carbon monoxide (CO) oxidation. The functionalized Pt/K-OMS-2/MWCNTs membranes show excellent conversion (100%) of CO to CO2 at a lower temperature 200℃ compared to the uncoated K-OMS-2/MWCNTs. Moreover, the Pt/K-OMS-2/MWCNTs membranes show outstanding stability, of more than 4 days, for CO oxidation at 200℃.

High Performance SLED Fabricated by Pulsed Anodic Oxidation

InGaAs/AlGaAs MQW superluminescent LED(SLED) is fabricated by using pulsed anodic oxidation and molecular beam epitaxy(MBE).The power and spectral output characteristics of three kinds of device structures are investigated.An output power above 10 mW with FWHM of 18 nm is demonstrated at a current of 150 mA.

典型有机磷阻燃剂对蓝藻的Hormesis效应及机制探究

为探究有机磷阻燃剂(Organophosphate Flame Retardants,OPFRs)对蓝藻的毒性效应,以铜绿微囊藻为蓝藻受试模型,测定典型OPFRs{烷基OPFRs磷酸三乙酯(Triethyl Phosphate,TEP)和氯代OPFRs磷酸三(2-氯乙基)酯[Tris(2-Chloroethyl)Phosphate,TCEP]}对蓝藻生长及光合色素、氧化应激、细胞膜疏水性等相关生理指标的影响。结果显示,TEP与TCEP均对铜绿微囊藻的生长产生了低质量浓度促进、高质量浓度抑制的Hormesis效应,促进生长的质量浓度分别为6.80×10^(-4)~1.53×10^(-1)mg/L和5.87×10^(-5)~1.54×10^(-1)mg/L。相关生理指标变化显示,低质量浓度OPFRs通过提高光合色素的合成及调控活性氧的适当增加可刺激蓝藻增殖;相反,高质量浓度OPFRs则阻碍光合作用,对藻细胞产生氧化胁迫,进而改变细胞膜疏水性致使细胞膜受损,最终导致蓝藻大量死亡。研究结果表明,OPFRs能引发蓝藻生长的Hormesis效应,且氯代OPFRs比烷基OPFRs具有更明显的生物效应,在一定暴露质量浓度内具有促进蓝藻水华形成的潜在环境风险。研究可为OPFRs水生毒性和相应的环境风险评价提供数据基础和理论依据。

Research on Treatment Technology for the Industrial Wastewaters with High Concentrationin China

By using the introduced CWO technology and its 200 L/d plant, more than 10 kinds of industrial wastewaters with high concentration in China, such as the waste liquor of coking, the black liquor of paper making, the waste mother liquor of bio-pharmacy and so on, were treated in this test research. The results showed that the CWO technology and its equipment had a good applicability for treating the industrial wastewaters with high concentration in China. One set of CWO-20 m^3/d industrial plant, as a demonstration engineering installation of CWO technology, was independently designed, made and operated in Kunming city. During the running test, the CWO-20 m^3/d plant displayed a favorable treatment capability for the bio-degradedly difficult industrial wastewaters with high concentration. For the treatment of the waste liquor from coking and the black liquor of paper making, more than 99% of CODcr and NH3-N in the wastewater could be removed. The CWO-20 m^3/d plant could be run continuously and stably. The treated wastewater could meet the discharge standard and the treatment process with CWO technology shown up a good economic advantage.

藜麦—蓝靛果复合汁发酵工艺及其上清液抗氧化与抗疲劳作用研究

[目的]优化藜麦—蓝靛果复合汁发酵工艺,开发营养价值高的抗运动疲劳食品。[方法]以黑藜麦和蓝靛果为原料,酵母菌复配乳酸菌协同发酵,通过单因素及正交试验优化复合发酵汁发酵工艺条件,并基于动物试验深入探究其对小鼠抗运动疲劳的作用。[结果]藜麦—蓝靛果复合汁最佳发酵工艺条件为:初始pH 4.0,发酵时间32 h,发酵温度37℃,白砂糖添加量8%,发酵产物中超氧化物歧化酶的活力为253.49 U/mL。体外抗氧化试验表明,藜麦—蓝靛果复合汁发酵上清液具有较强的抗氧化作用且抗氧化性与其浓度成正比。动物试验结果表明,不同剂量的藜麦—蓝靛果复合汁发酵上清液均延长了小鼠负重力竭游泳时间,显著降低了血清中尿素氮等指标,并使肝糖原和肌糖原储备显著增加(P<0.05)。[结论]最优发酵条件下的藜麦—蓝靛果复合汁发酵上清液抗氧化性强,并且可以提高小鼠机体运动耐力。

多发伤患者早期肠道菌群及其代谢产物氧化三甲胺的变化

目的:多发伤患者一旦并发脓毒症和多器官功能障碍综合征则预后不良。本研究通过观察多发伤患者早期肠道菌群及其代谢产物氧化三甲胺的变化,探讨多发伤患者并发脓毒症和多器官功能障碍综合征的可能机制。方法:选取2023年4月至9月江苏大学附属医院收治的符合纳入标准的多发伤患者25例作为多发伤组,选取同期本院体检中心符合纳入标准的健康志愿者25例作为对照组。收集多发伤组伤后1周左右的粪便标本和血浆标本,同期收集对照组体检当天的粪便标本和血浆标本。通过16S rRNA高通量测序技术检测粪便标本,分析多发伤组和对照组肠道菌群的差异。采用高效液相色谱-质谱串联技术检测血浆标本,分析多发伤组和对照组血浆氧化三甲胺水平的差异。结果:多发伤组和对照组的肠道菌群构成存在明显差异。在菌门水平上,多发伤组变形菌门的相对丰度明显高于对照组(P<0.05);厚壁菌门和拟杆菌门的相对丰度明显低于对照组(P<0.05)。在菌属水平上,多发伤组大肠埃希菌属、致病肠球菌属、梭菌属、考拉杆菌属的相对丰度均明显高于对照组(均P<0.05),普氏菌属、双歧杆菌属、瘤胃菌属、乳杆菌属、粪球菌属、布劳特菌属、丁酸弧菌属的相对丰度均明显低于对照组(均P<0.05)。多发伤组血浆氧化三甲胺水平明显高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:与健康人群相比,多发伤患者早期肠道菌群已发生变化,专性厌氧菌相对丰度下降,兼性厌氧菌相对丰度上升,有益共生菌相对丰度减少,机会致病菌相对丰度增加,这可能与多发伤患者并发脓毒症有关。血浆氧化三甲胺的水平升高可能与肠道菌群的变化和多发伤患者并发多器官功能障碍综合征有关。

冷却工艺、填充溶剂对钙钛氧化物的微观形貌及光催化性能的影响

以钛酸正丁酯和无水氯化钙为原料,采用水热法制备了不同显微形貌的钙钛氧化物粉体。研究了冷却工艺与填充剂种类对钙钛氧化相结构、显微形貌和光催化特性的影响。结果表明:当无外加填充溶剂引入,采用不同冷却工艺均可获得具有片状结构的CaTi_(2)O_(4)(OH)_(2)纯相;当分别引入20 mL乙醇或水作为填充溶剂时,制备的粉体相结构和微观形貌在不同的冷却工艺下存在较大差异,粉体的相结构和微观形貌经历了从无定型相的针网状形貌过渡到由纳米纤维聚积夹杂少量块状CaTiO_(3)物相组成的形貌,以及完全由具有片状结构的CaTi_(2)O_(4)(OH)_(2)物相过渡到具有片状结构的CaTi_(2)O_(4)(OH)_(2)以及少量方块状CaTiO_(3)组成的物相。光催化性能显示,引入20 mL乙醇作为填充溶剂,采用缓冷工艺制备的粉体在紫外可见光3 h下对罗丹明B的光催化效率最佳。

基于应对土壤污染的优化淋洗技术研究

随着土壤污染问题的愈发严峻,土壤淋洗技术作为应用最为广泛的土壤修复技术之一,正受到广泛聚焦。本文通过对ALLU斗与异位土壤淋洗技术结合处理污染土的研究,从技术路线、修复车间剖面布置、平面布置3个维度进行设计,以某氰化物污染地为实验对象进行两次现场试验。实验结果表明了研究提出的ALLU斗与异位土壤淋洗技术结合处理污染土可行。