DYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS OF ELECTRO-HYDRAULIC PROPORTIONAL PRESSURE-FLOW HYBRID VALVE

The structure principles under the flow and pressure working conditions are studied, in order to investigate the dynamic characteristics of the electro-hydraulic proportional pressure-flow hybrid valve. According to the structure principles under the two different working conditions, the transfer functions under such conditions are derived. With the transfer functions, some structure elements that may affect its performance, are investigated, afterwards some principles of optimality and effective methods for improving the dynamic performance of the valve are proposed. The conclusions can be used to instruct engineering applications and products designing. The test results conform to the results of the theoretical analysis and simulation, which proves the correctness of the study and simulation works.

Observation on In Situ Hybridization and Immunocytochemistry of Matrix Metalloproteinases in Rat Pancreas

In situ hybridization and immunocytochemical techniques were employed to examine the expression of matrix metalloproteinases 1 (MMP 1) and to identify the pattern of its distribution in rat pancreas. The results indicated that the signal of MMP 1 mRNA and MMP 1 positive immunoreaction were detected in some fiberoblasts around interlobular ducts and exocrine cell in margin acinus of some lobules, but the signal of MMP 1 mRNA and MMP 1 positive immunoreaction could not be detected in most of other acinus and islets of pancreas. It is concluded that the expression of MMP 1 in above cells of rat might play an important role in acinar proliferation and differentiation of rat pancreatic tissues.

In situ hybridization detection of persistent infection and viral RNA distribution in laboratory rats with hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome virus

Digoxigenin-labelled Hantaan specific cDNA probes were used in the present study for in situ hybridization detection of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome virus(HFRSV) persistent infection and viral RNA distribution in naturally infected laboratory rat

抗衰延年方对衰老大鼠学习记忆及细胞凋亡相关因子Bcl-2、Bax表达的影响

目的通过观察抗衰延年方对衰老大鼠细胞凋亡相关因子Bcl-2、Bax表达的影响,探讨抗衰延年方延缓衰老的可能机制。方法健康SD雄性大鼠40只,将其随机分为正常组、衰老模型组、中药组和吡拉西坦组;正常组不做任何处理,衰老模型组、中药组和吡拉西坦组每日颈背部皮下注射D-半乳糖500 mg/kg,连续注射30 d;经过30 d治疗后以Morris水迷宫进行大鼠行为学测试后取材应用原位杂交法检测其Bcl-2 mRNA、Bax mRNA表达。结果与正常组比较,模型组大鼠行动迟缓,逃避潜伏期增多(P<0.05),Bcl-2 mRNA的表达降低(P<0.05),Bax mRNA的表达增高(P<0.05);与模型组相比,中药组大鼠活力增强,逃避潜伏期时间减少(P<0.05),Bcl-2 mRNA的表达增强(P<0.05),Bax mRNA的表达降低(P<0.05)。结论抗衰延年方可改善衰老大鼠空间学习记忆能力,其机制可能与其上调抑制细胞凋亡因子Bcl2表达,下调促凋亡关键因子Bax表达有关。

Pepsinogen C Gene Expression in Epithelial Cells of Rat Stomach During Development

Pepsinogens are zymogens of pepsins,aspecific proteases working as digestive enzymes in vertebrate stomach,of which biological and molecular properties have been extensively studied.Several exhaustive studies have been performed in the pepsinogen producing cells in developing rat stomachs,but little is known about the expression of pepsinogen gene in these cells.In this study,the ontogeny of pepsinogen producing cells in rat fundic glands was studied by in situ hybridization using a digoxigenin-labeled RNA probe.The rat gastric epithelium was stratified but was morphologically undifferentiated at the stage of 18.5 days of gestation.The pepsinogen mRNA was expressed both in chief cells and mucous neck cells in adult rats,which was first detected by in situ hybridization in the stomach of the rats at 3.5 days after birth.The development of pepsinogen producing cells could be classified into four stages:(1) 18.5 days of gestation to 0.5 day after birth;(2) 3.5 days to 2 weeks after birth;(3) 3～4 weeks after birth;(4) 8 weeks after birth.Pepsinogen expression is strictly limited to these cells,the distribution of which shown a developmental stage-specific manner.We concluded the pepsinogen C could offer excellent molecular markers of differentiation during stomach epithelial cellulur development.

The effect of traditional Chinese medicine──Tian Gui Recipeon obesity and anovulation in androgen-sterilized rats

Objective: A traditional Chinese medicine Tian Gui Recipe (TGR) has been used to effectively treat clomiphene resistant anovulatory disease and obesity, especially in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) cases with hyperinsulinemia. The effect of TGR on obesity and anovulation was investigated in androgen-sterilized rats (ASR). Methods: Female SD rats at the age of 9 days were divided into 3 groups. Group ASR (n=15): anovulation was demonstrated at the age of 70 days by vaginal smear in rats while 1. 25 mg of testosterone propionate was injected subcutaneously on its 9th neonatal day. Group A+H (n = 25): TGR were administered to ASR at the age of 80 days for 3 weeks. Rats with regular estrous cycle and ovulation after herbal treatment were included in this group. Group C (n = 15): normal ovulated rats were recruited. Around the age of 112 days or on proestrous day, all rats were sacrificed under anesthesia. Serum leptin, testosterone (T), estrogen (E2), follicular stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH) levels were measured with radioimmunoassay (RIA). Double immunofluorescent staining combined with confocal laser scanning microscope and dual in situ hybridization were carried out on sections through areas of arcuate nucleus (ARC) to determine whether estrogen receptor (ER) immunoreactivity (IR) or long form of leptin receptor (OB-Rb) mRNA were expressed in neuropeptide Y (NPY) immuno-and mRNA-containing neurons, and its relationship to proopiomelanocortin (POMC) mRNA-containing neurons. Immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization were used to observe the levels of ER, NPY, gonadotrophin releasing hormone (GnRH) and gene expression levels on NPY, OB-Rb, POMC. Meanwhile, the criteria of energy state, including daily food intake, retroperitoneal fat depot pad and body weight, were measured and evaluated. Values of immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization were expressed in mean optic density (MOD). Results: Seventeen out of the 25 rats (68%) in Group A+H were ovulated after herbal treatment. ASR characterized with significantly high metabolic rate, energy imbalance and obesity (P<0. 01, P<0. 01, P<0. 01). The mean serum leptin, T, E2 levels of group ASR were significantly higher than those of Group C and Group A+H (P< 0. 01,P<0. 01 ), while FSH, LH levels were lower (P<0. 01, P<0. 01 ). ERs were proved to be distributing in NPY-containing neurons, OB-Rb coexpressed in NPY-syn- thesizing neurons, and both NPY and POMC mRNA expressing neurons overlapped in ARC. Compared to Group C, levels of NPY mRNA and NPY, POMC mRNA expressions were increased (P<0. 01, P<0. 01, P<0. 01 ), OB-Rb mRNA, ER and GnRH immunoreactive expression were decreased significantly in the hypothalamus of ASR (P<0. 01, P<0. 01, P<0. 01 ). These dramatic neuroendocrine changes became normal in ovulated ASR after the herbal treatment (all P>0. 05). Conclusion: The elevated peripheral E2 caused by high T and leptin levels in ASR may down-regulate their corresponding receptors oriented on hypothalamic NPY- containing neurons respectively, therefore challenge the NPY mRNA and NPY, POMC mRNA overexpressions. The overexpression, of NPY, POMC gene transcription and translation stimulate food intake, promote the deposit of adipocyte tissue, and inhibit GnRH expression and GnRH/FSH, LH release, which contribute to the occurrence of obesity and anovulation in ASR. TGR may reverse these abnormal neuroendocrine cascades by lowering the levels of T, E2 and leptin.

INFLUENCE OF ANTIDROM IC ELECTRIC STIM ULATI ON ONPREPROTACHYKININ m RNA EXPRESSION IN ADJACENT DORSAL ROOT GANGLIA OF RATS

By in situ hybridization histochemistry, the changes of preprotachykinin (PPT) mRNA expression were examined in the neurons of adjacent thoracal dorsal root ganglion (DRG) after a strong electric stimulation to an intact dorsal cutaneous branch and the cut distal part of left T 9 thoracal spinal nerve of rat. There was a significant increase of the number of neurons expressing PPT mRNA in the ipsilateral T 8, T 9 and T 10 DRG of the animals given electric stimulation to intact spinal nerve branch 24 h after the electric stimulation. The same increase was found in the ipsilateral T 8 and T 10 DRG of the animals given electric stimulation to the distal part of spinal nerve branch. While no change was found in the DRG of the contralateral side of these animals. The present results showed that the antidromic electric stimulation strengthened the biosynthesis of PPT mRNA in adjacent DRG. These findings suggested that there was information transmission across segments between two sensory nerve endings and some bioactive substances such as SP might play important roles in the information transmission across segments of spinal cord.

大鼠高重复序列Rat(Hind Ⅲ)-1的染色体定位研究

以分离、纯化的370bp大小的Rat(HindⅢ)-1高重复序列为探针,用Biotin-Ⅱ-dUTP进行缺口翻译标记;与Wistar大鼠骨髓间期细胞和中期染色体进行原位杂交;用生物索化的碱性磷酸酶检测杂交结果。大鼠核型中除X,Y,1,2,12和20号染色体外,其余染色体着丝粒处均有杂交颗粒,以10,5,7,11,13号染色体所占比例较多。间期细胞核中亦可见到排列不规则的杂交颗粒。核杂交效率高于染色体杂交效率。Rat(HindⅢ)-1可能是Wistar大鼠特有的、普遍分布于染色体着丝粒处的一类高重复序列。

The effect of traditional Chinese medicine“Tian Gui Recipe (TGR)”on obesity and anovulation in androgen-sterilized rats(ASR)

Objectives: A traditional Chinese medicine “Tian Gui Recipe (TGR)” has been used to effectively treat clomiphene resistant anovulatory disease and obesity, especially in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) cases with hyperinsulinemia. The effect of TGR on obesity and anovulation was investigated in androgen-sterilized rats (ASR).Methods: Female SD rats at the age of 9 days were divided into 3 groups. Group ASR (n=15): anovulation was demonstrated at the age of 70 days by vaginal smear in rats while 1.25 mg of testosterone propionate was injected subcutaneously on its 9th neonatal day. Group A+H (n=25): TGR were administered to ASR at the age of 80 days for 3 weeks. Rats with regular estrous cycle and ovulation after herbal treatment were included in this group. Group C (n=15): normal ovulated rats were recruited. Around the age of 112 days or on proestrous day, all rats were sacrificed under anesthesia. Serum leptin, testosterone (T), estrogen (E2), follicular stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH) levels were measured with radioimmunoassay (RIA). Double immunofluorescent staining combined with confocal laser scanning microscope and dual in situ hybridization were carried out on sections through areas of arcuate nucleus (ARC) to determine whether estrogen receptor (ER) immunoreactivity (IR) or long form of leptin receptor (OB-Rb) mRNA were expressed in neuropeptide Y (NPY) immuno- and mRNA-containing neurons, and their relationship to proopiomelanocortin (POMC) mRNA-containing neurons. Immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization were used to observe the levels of ER-, NPY-,gonadotrophin releasing hormone (GnRH)-IR and gene expression levels of NPY, OB-Rb, and POMC in ARC. Meanwhile, the criteria of energy state,including daily food intake, retroperitoneal fat depot pad and body weight,were measured and evaluated. Values of immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization were expressed in mean optic density (MOD).Results:Seventeen out of the 25 rats (68%) in Group A+H were ovulated after herbal treatment. ASR characterized with significantly high metabolic rate, energy imbalance and obesity (P<0.01,P<0.01,P<0.01).The mean serum leptin, T, E2 levels of ASR were significantly higher than that of Group C and Group A+H (P<0.01,P<0.01), while being contraryto that of FSH, LH levels (P<0.01,P<0.01). ERs were proved distributing in NPY-containing neurons, OB-Rb coexpressed in NPY-synthesizing neurons, and both NPY- and POMC- mRNA expressing neurons overlapped in ARC. Compared to Group C, levels of NPY mRNA and NPY, POMC mRNA expressions increased (P<0.01,P<0.01,P<0.01),OB-Rb mRNA, ER and GnRH immunoreactive expression decreased significantly in the hypothalamus of ASR (P<0.01,P<0.01,P<0.01).These dramatic neuroendocrine changes became normal in ovulated ASR after the herbal treatment (all P>0.05).Conclusion: The elevated peripheral estrogen caused by high testosterone and leptin levels in ASR may down-regulate their corresponding receptors oriented on hypothalamic NPY-containing neurons respectively, therefore challenge the NPY mRNA and NPY,POMC mRNA overexpression. The overexpression of NPY, POMC gene transcription and translation stimulate food intake, promote the deposit of adipocyte tissue, and inhibit GnRH expression and GnRH/FSH, LH release, which contribute to the occurrence of obesity and anovulation in ASR. “TGR” may reverse these abnormal neuroendocrine cascades by lowering levels of testosterone, estrogen and leptin.

Study on the Specific Gene Expression during Spermatogenesis of Rat

Objective To explore specific gene expression for regulating meiosis of germ cells during spermatogenesis of rat testis Materials & Methods Male SD rats, aged 1, 3 and 8 weeks, were observed in this study. The methods of morphological observation on testicular tissues embedded by resin and mRNA differential display (DDRT PCR) were combined to obtain specific mRNA expression gene fragments during the testicular development. Reverse dot blot hybridization was operated to further screen the positive differential DNA fragments. The positive DNA segments were sub cloned in pGEM T Easy vector and transformed into the competent E coli 109 straint. Northern blot analysis and in situ hybridization were also carried out for identifying tissue specific expression as well as cell specific expression DNA fragments. To screen λ ZAP II rat testicular gene library was searched for the original gene. Results Eighty two differential cDNA fragments were obtained through primary DDRT PCR, among which 40 differential cDNA fragments were selected for further screening with reverse dot blot hybridization. After the reverse dot blot hybridization, 12 primary differential DNA fragments were obtained. The size of DNA fragments ranged from 250 to 500 bp. The in situ hybridization of the testicular tissue showed that a specific DNA fragment derived from 8 week old rat testis, named CG14, was hybridized in adult rat testicular section, in which the positive nucleic acid signals were distributed specifically in the primary spermatocytes. Another DNA fragment derived from 1 week old rat testis, named AA11, was hybridized specifically in Sertoli cell of 1 week old rat testis. Northern blot hybridization with [α 32 P] dCTP labeled CG14 probe, including cardiac, liver, kidney, brain, testis, and epididymis tissue mRNAs of rat, showed that an mRNA specific hybridization band, size of 1.258 kb, was found in testis tissue and size of 1.531 kb of another hybridization band present in epididymis tissue. The CG14 DNA specific gene fragment existed in the λ ZAP II testis gene library. Conclusion 1. The DDRT PCR technique is a convenient tool to find the specific expression gene during spermatogenesis. 2. The CG14 DNA fragment was expressed significantly in rat testicular tissue, weakly expressed in the epididymis tissue of rat, but not found in cardiac, liver, kidney, and brain tissues. 3. The CG14 DNA fragment was specifically expressed in the primary spermatocytes and might be associated with the meiosis of the primary spermatocyte during spermatogenesis of rat. 4. The CG14 DNA fragment existed in the λ ZAP II testis gene library.

The expression of TRPA1 mRNA in the rat brain

Objective： To investigate the distribution of TRPA1 （one kind of the TRP-like ion channel family） channel in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex of rat. Methods： RT-PCR was used to amplify the fragment of TRPA1 in the DRG （dorsal root ganglion）, hippocampus and cerebral cortex of adult SD rat. In situ hybridization staining was used to show the distribution of TRPA1 mRNA in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex of adult rat brain. Results： Both RT-PCR and in situ hybridization staining showed that TRPA1 mRNA was expressed in hippocampus and cerebral cortex of the adult rat brain. Conclusion： Our results suggest that there is expression of TRPA1 mRNA both in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex of the adult rat brain.

Numerical Investigation of Phase and Group Propagation of Time-Domain Signals in a Novel Band-Reject Metamaterial Ring Hybrid

Phase and group propagation in metamaterial-based microwave components has always been intellectually challenging for students and engineers new to the area of periodic structures and metamaterials. This paper aims in tackling this important topic by studying the wave propagation in a metamaterial-based microwave device. Hence, the contribution of this paper is twofold. First, design of a novel metamaterial ring hybrid (or rate-race) is presented which has a large rejection band so that the second and third harmonics are effectively suppressed. Second, the electromagnetic phase and the group propagation in the ring hybrid are investigated by numerically exciting the input ports with band-limited Gaussian pulses and then finding their responses at various locations in the device.

Expression and significance of IL-6 mRNA and its protein in liver after injury in rats

In order to study the effects of IL-6 on the development of liver injury the distribution and cell localization of IL-6 mRNA and its protein in the liver was observed in rats after they were inflicted with 20%TBSA full-thickness burns and/or intraperitoneal injection of endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide, LPS). 156 Wistar rats were randomized into combined burn-endotixin group (CBEG), simple burn injury group (SBG),simple endotoxin group (SEG ) and normal control group (NCG). The changes of serum IL-6 level, and theexpression and localization of IL-6 and IL-6 mRNA in the liver were determined quantitatively, with imrnunohistochemistry (IHC) and in situ hybridization (ISH). It was found that serum IL-6 level showed 2 peak inthe first half hour and the 6th to 12th h after injury in CBEG and one peak in the 3rd h in SBG and in the 12thto 24th h in SEG. IL-6 was mainly located in the sinusoid endothelial cells and Kupffer cells and IL-6 mRNAwas distributed mainly in Kupffer cells, polymorphonuclear cells and macrophages. In addition, the expression levels of IL-6 and IL-6 mRNA were in agreement with the pathological changes of liver injury.It is concluded that IL-6 is one of the key cytokines in the pathogenesis of liver damages after combinedinjury of burns and endotoxin.

Preliminary Study on γ-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA_A) Like Receptor in Rat Testis

For making it clear whether GABAA-like receptor is in cells or rat testis and how itsgene expresses in tissue cells, the mRNA of rat testis was microinjected into Xenopusoocyte. The membrane electrobiological results showed that an inward 30 nA micro-currentwas elicited, under two-electrode voltageclamped configuration, by extracellular GABA(500 μmol/L), and both Bicuculline and Picrotoxin could inhibit this effect. It is an indication that the mRNA of rat testis can express GABA receptor in the membrane of Xenonpus oocyte. Using Muscimol as a excitant of GABA receptor type A, the micro--currentwas also elicited to generate; however, using Baclofen as a excitant of GABA receptortype B, the micro-current could not be induced. These results indicate that GABA receptorexpressed in Xenopus oocyte membrane is not type B but for type A. On the basis of the research result above, 24-mer oligonucleotides to be complementary to the high conservativeregion of the cDNAs of neur-GABA receptors were synthesized as probes to hybridize respectively with the RNAs Of brain and testis of adult rat, and of rat testes of the variousages. The dot hybridizations showed that the hybrid signal of rat testis was stronger thanthat of rat brain, meaning that, compared with rat brain, the RNA of rat testis has morehomologous regions with probes, and also implying that the GABA receptor from theRNA Of rat testis may be similar to neural-GABA receptor. This receptor therefore iscalled as GABA_A-like receptor. The dot blot analysis above also showed the testis GABA_Alike receptor. The dot blot analysis above also showed testis GABA_A like receptor mRNAcontent changed with the develOPmental age of rats. There is a very low level of gene expression in the rat testis on day 5 postnatal; there is the highest expression of GABA_A-likereceptor gene in rat testes on day 30to 100 after birth; the expression begins to drop on day200 after birth.

八肽胆囊收缩素在吗啡依赖及戒断大鼠相关脑区的表达变化

目的:探究慢性吗啡依赖及戒断大鼠相关脑区八肽胆囊收缩素(CCK⁃8)表达的变化。方法:利用Wistar大鼠建立慢性吗啡依赖及戒断模型,分为对照组(control)、吗啡依赖组(MOR)、纳洛酮催促戒断组(NAL)。Gellert⁃Holtzman评分评价吗啡成瘾及戒断程度,采用免疫组织化学和原位杂交技术分别检测相关脑区CCK⁃8蛋白及CCK mRNA表达的变化。结果:戒断组Gellert⁃Holtzman评分与对照组和吗啡依赖组比较显著增加;前额叶皮质(PFC)、黑质致密部(SNc)、中脑腹侧被盖区(VTA)CCK⁃8及CCK mRNA表达依赖组较对组明显升高,戒断后表达下降;杏仁核、蓝斑(LC)吗啡依赖后CCK⁃8及CCK mRNA表达较对照组显著增高,海马齿状回(PoDG)、杏仁核、LC戒断后较依赖组表达进一步升高;尾壳核(CPU)、伏隔核(NAc)、中脑导水管周围灰质(PAG)未检测到CCK⁃8及CCK mRNA的表达。结论:CCK⁃8参与了大鼠吗啡依赖与戒断过程并具有脑区特异性。

大鼠睾丸支持细胞的分离、纯化和鉴定

目的 培养高纯度的大鼠睾丸支持细胞，并应用检测ABP mRNA原位杂交方法加以鉴定。方法 选用18～22d龄SD雄性大鼠睾丸，采用0．25％胰蛋白酶、0．1％透明质酸酶、0．1％胶原酶三酶依次消化法分离支持细胞，置于32℃5％CO2的培养箱培养，48h后用20mmol／L Tris—HCl低渗处理培养细胞。培养1周后应用伊红染色、吖啶橙荧光染色、Feulgen染色对所培养的支持细胞进行鉴定，同时应用原位杂交检测ABP mRNA方法鉴定分离培养的支持细胞。结果 培养1周后所获培养的支持细胞纯度达95％以上。分离培养的支持细胞ABP mRNA表达阳性，其形态结构特征与用其他方法鉴定为支持细胞的形态结构特征一致。结论 采用三酶连续消化及低渗处理法分离培养的支持细胞纯度高，而且应用原位杂交方法检测ABP mRNA是一种新的、特异、有效的鉴定支持细朐及萁功能的方法．

骨形成蛋白4在大鼠中枢神经系统发育过程中的表达

目的 研究骨形成蛋白 4 (BMP4 )基因在大鼠中枢神经系统 (CNS)发育过程中的表达。 方法 地高辛标记特异性寡核苷酸探针原位杂交组织化学技术。 结果 在E16大鼠 ,BMP4主要在小脑与嗅球呈强阳性表达。在P1～ 2大鼠 ,BMP4mRNA在延脑的舌下神经核呈强阳性信号 ,在三叉神经脊束核、脊髓小脑束可见部分BMP4mRNA阳性细胞。在P1周大鼠 ,额叶皮层、枕叶皮层与海马的前下托可见较强的阳性信号。生后 1个月 ,海马与皮层BMP4的表达达到生后的峰值。此时BMP4在颞叶皮层与杏仁周皮质呈强阳性表达。生后 3个月 ,BMP4在大鼠CNS有广泛表达 ,其中在海马、颞叶皮层、杏仁周皮质、丘脑侧核与下丘脑的室旁核均可见强阳性信号 ,而生后 18个月大鼠的皮质、海马、丘脑、下丘脑仍可见一定数目的阳性神经元。 结论 提示BMP4对新生期和成年期大鼠CNS的发育起重要作用。

短暂性前脑缺血后大鼠海马各区NMDA受体亚单位NR2A和NR2B mRNA的表达变化

应用原位杂交组织化学和图像处理与分析的方法 ,观察短暂性前脑缺血 (15 m in)再灌注 (0 .5 h～ 7d)大鼠海马各区NR2 A和 NR2 B m RNA的表达变化 ,探讨二者在缺血性脑损伤中的作用。结果发现 ,缺血后 ,NR2 A和 NR2 B m RNA在海马各区呈现出一种相对一致的表达。在海马 CA1 区 ,NR2 A和 NR2 B m RNA的表达分别在缺血再灌 6h和 12 h降至低谷 (P<0 .0 5 ) ,然后表达开始回升 ,在缺血再灌 48h都升至高峰 (P<0 .0 5 ) ,之后表达再次下降 ,直至缺血后 7d(P<0 .0 5 ) ;在海马 CA3区 ,二者的表达变化规律与 CA1 区相似 ,不同的是表达变化的幅度明显减小。在齿状回 ,缺血后 0 .5 h～ 72 h,NR2 A和 NR2 B m RNA的表达未见显著性变化 ,72 h后表达开始下降 ,直至缺血后 7d(P<0 .0 5 )。以上结果提示 ,短暂性前脑缺血后 ,NR2 A和 NR2 B m R-NA在大鼠海马各区表达变化的模式不同 。

几种中药有效成分对大鼠系膜细胞IL-6 mRNA表达的影响

目的与方法 :体外培养大鼠系膜细胞 ,以脂多糖 (lipopolysaccharide ,LPS)刺激后 ,分别加入补肾活血泄浊汤有效成分川芎嗪、大黄素、灵芝多糖 ,应用Northern杂交技术 ,观察上述几种中药有效成分对系膜细胞IL - 6基因表达的影响 ,以探讨补肾活血泄浊汤治疗肾小球肾炎的机制。结果 :川芎嗪、大黄素、灵芝多糖均可抑制IL - 6基因的表达 ,以大黄素最为显著。结论 :结果提示补肾活血泄浊汤可能通过抑制IL - 6基因的表达 ,从而减轻系膜细胞增生。

Noggin在大鼠中枢神经系统发育过程中的表达

目的 研究Noggin基因在大鼠中枢神经系统 (CNS)发育过程中的表达。 方法 地高辛标记的cRNA探针原位杂交组织化学技术。 结果 ISHH结果显示 ,在胚胎期 (E16 )大鼠 ,nogginmRNA阳性细胞主要位于大脑皮质、海马、丘脑与下丘脑的部分核团。新生期 (P1～P2 )大鼠 ,noggin在大脑皮质与海马的表达均降低 ,而在丘脑与延脑的表达增强 ;生后 1周 (P1W )noggin在脑内的表达明显降低 ,生后 2周noggin在脑内的表达开始升高 ,在大脑皮质与海马升高尤为明显。生后 1个月 ,noggin表达继续升高 ,在额叶皮质、顶叶皮质、扣带皮质、梨状皮质及海马的齿状回可检测到强阳性信号 ;而在丘脑的侧核、网状核、腹内侧核与腹外侧核可见中等强度的阳性信号。此外 ,在下丘脑的室旁核和视上核亦可见密集深染的阳性神经元。生后 3个月 ,noggin阳性细胞在脑内的表达开始降低 ;生后 18个月 ,noggin表达降至最低 ,仅见散在的阳性神经元。此外 ,在不同发育期大鼠的脊髓亦未观察到nogginmRNA阳性细胞。