Output Waveform Analysis of an Electro-hydraulic Vibrator Controlled by the Multiple Valves

The existing research of the electro-hydraulic vibrator mainly focuses on system stability, working frequency width and output waveform distortion. However, this high frequency performance of the electro-hydraulic vibrator is difficult to be improved greatly due to fast insufficiently frequency response of the servo valve itself and limited compensation capability of the control structure in the vibrator system. In this paper, to realize high frequency vibration, an improved two-dimensional valve （here within defined as a 2D valve） as a main control component is adopted to the parallel connection with a servo valve to control the electro-hydraulic vibrator, Because the output waveforms of this electro-hydraulic vibrator are incapable to be verified through timely feedback as in the conventional electro-hydraulic servo system, the analysis to the output waveform becomes crucial to the design and control of the electro-hydraulic vibrator. The mathematical models of hydraulic actuation mechanism and the orifice area of the parallel valves connection are established first. And then the vibration process is divided into two sections in terms of the direction of the flow, the analytical expression of the excited waveform is solved. Based on relationships exist between working states and the control parameters the analytical results, the vibration boundary positions and the are derived. Finally an experimental system was built to validate the theoretical analysis. It is verified that this electro-hydraulic vibration system could achieve high working frequency, up to 2 000 Hz. The excited waveform is similar to the sinnsoidal waveform. And the ascent and decent slopes of the waveforms are somewhat asymmetrical. This asymmetry is not only caused by the change of the direction of the elastic force but also dependent on the bias position of the vibration. Consequentky the distortion of effective working waveform is less tha~ 10%. This electro-hydraulic vibrator controlled by the multiple valves could not only greatly enhance the working frequency but also precisely control the vibration characteristic variables such as waveform shape.

Characteristics Prediction Method of Electro-hydraulic Servo Valve Based on Rough Set and Adaptive Neuro-fuzzy Inference System

Synthesis characteristics of the electro-hydraulic servo valve are key factors to determine eligibility of the hydraulic production. Testing all synthesis characteristics of the electro-hydraulic servo valve after assembling leads to high repair rate and reject rate, so accurate prediction for the synthesis characteristics in the industrial production is particular important in decreasing the repair rate and the reject rate of the product. However, the research in forecasting synthesis characteristics of the electro-hydraulic servo valve is rare. In this work, a hybrid prediction method was proposed based on rough set（RS） and adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system（ANFIS） in order to predict synthesis characteristics of electro-hydraulic servo valve. Since the geometric factors affecting the synthesis characteristics of the electro-hydraulic servo valve are from workers＇ experience, the inputs of the prediction method are uncertain. RS-based attributes reduction was used as the preprocessor, and then the exact geometric factors affecting the synthesis characteristics of the electro-hydraulic servo valve were obtained. On the basis of the exact geometric factors, ANFIS was used to build the final prediction model. A typical electro-hydraulic servo valve production was used to demonstrate the proposed prediction method. The prediction results showed that the proposed prediction method was more applicable than the artificial neural networks（ANN） in predicting the synthesis characteristics of electro-hydraulic servo valve, and the proposed prediction method was a powerful tool to predict synthesis characteristics of the electro-hydraulic servo valve. Moreover, with the use of the advantages of RS and ANFIS, the highly effective forecasting framework in this study can also be applied to other problems involving synthesis characteristics forecasting.

High precise control method for a new type of Piezoelectric electro-hydraulic servo valve

A new type of piezoelectric electro-hydraulic servo valve system was proposed. And then multilayer piezoelectric actuator based on new piezoelectric ceramic material was used as the electricity-machine converter of the proposed piezoelectric electro-hydraulic servo valve. The proposed piezoelectric electro-hydraulic servo valve has ascendant performance compared with conventional ones. But the system is of high nonlinearity and uncertainty, it cannot achieve favorable control performance by conventional control method. To develop an efficient way to control piezoelectric electro-hydraulic servo valve system, a high-precise fuzzy control method with hysteresis nonlinear model in feedforward loop was proposed. The control method is separated into two parts: a feedforward loop with Preisach hysteresis nonlinear model and a feedback loop with high-precise fuzzy control. Experimental results show that the hysteresis loop and the maximum output hysteresis by the PID control method are 4.22% and 2.11 μm, respectively; the hysteresis loop and the maximum output hysteresis by the proposed control method respectively are 0.74% and 0.37 μm, respectively; the maximum tracking error by the PID control method for sine wave reference signal is about 5.02%, the maximum tracking error by the proposed control method for sine wave reference signal is about 0.85%.

Investigation of Semi-Active Hydro-Pneumatic Suspension for a Heavy Vehicle Based on Electro-Hydraulic Proportional Valve

Hydro-pneumatic suspension is widely used in heavy vehicles due to its nonlinear characteristics of stiffness and damping. However, the conventional passive hydro-pneumatic suspension can’t adjust parameters according to the complicated road environment of heavy vehicles to fulfill the requirements of the vehicle ride comfort. In this paper, a semi-active hydro-pneumatic suspension system based on the electro-hydraulic proportional valve control is proposed, and fuzzy control is used as the control strategy to adjust the?damping force of the semi-active hydro-pneumatic suspension. A 1/4?semi-active hydro-pneumatic suspension model is established, which is co-simulated with AMESim and MATLAB/Simulink. The co-simulation results show that the semi-active hydro-pneumatic suspension system can significantly reduce vibration of the vehicle body, and improve the suspension performance comparing with passive hydro-pneumatic suspension.

DYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS OF ELECTRO-HYDRAULIC PROPORTIONAL PRESSURE-FLOW HYBRID VALVE

The structure principles under the flow and pressure working conditions are studied, in order to investigate the dynamic characteristics of the electro-hydraulic proportional pressure-flow hybrid valve. According to the structure principles under the two different working conditions, the transfer functions under such conditions are derived. With the transfer functions, some structure elements that may affect its performance, are investigated, afterwards some principles of optimality and effective methods for improving the dynamic performance of the valve are proposed. The conclusions can be used to instruct engineering applications and products designing. The test results conform to the results of the theoretical analysis and simulation, which proves the correctness of the study and simulation works.

Research and Development of Electro‑hydraulic Control Valves Oriented to Industry 4.0:A Review

Electro-hydraulic control valves are key hydraulic components for industrial applications and aerospace,which controls electro-hydraulic motion.With the development of automation,digital technology,and communication technology,electro-hydraulic control valves are becoming more digital,integrated,and intelligent in order to meet the requirements of Industry 4.0.This paper reviews the state of the art development for electro-hydraulic control valves and their related technologies.This review paper considers three aspects of state acquisition through sensors or indirect acquisition technologies,control strategies along with digital controllers and novel valves,and online maintenance through data interaction and fault diagnosis.The main features and development trends of electro-hydraulic control valves oriented to Industry 4.0 are discussed.

RESEARCH ON THE PERFORMANCE OF NEW TYPE OF PROPORTIONAL PESSURE AND FLOW CONTROL VALVE

A new closed loop flow controlling principle through correcting the valve'sopening area while load pressure is changing is carried out. Further more a principle using only oneproportional valve to compound control pressure and flow is suggested. By using very simpleproportional throttle valve in structure, the functions that five kinds of proportional valves orany two of them combined possess can be complimented. After analyzing, comparing, and testing thedynamic and static characteristics of valve with different controlling principles and main valvestructure styles, the optimized structure styles and control methods are achieved.

Separate Control of High Frequency Electro-hydraulic Vibration Exciter

The working frequency of the conventional electro-hydraulic vibration exciters,which consist of a servo valve and a hydraulic cylinder,is generally restricted within a narrow range due to limited frequency response capability of the servo valve itself.To counteract such restriction,a novel scheme for an electro-hydraulic vibrator,controlled by a two-dimensional valve（2D valve） and a bias valve in parallel,is therefore proposed.The frequency,amplitude and offset are independently controlled by rotary speed,axial sliding of the spool of the 2D valve and axial sliding of the spool of the bias valve.The principle of separate control was presented and the regulation approach of frequency,amplitude and offset was discussed.A mathematical model of the hydraulic power mechanism for the proposed vibration exciter was established to investigate the relationship between the amplitude and the axial sliding of the 2D valve＇ spool,as well as that between the offset and the axial sliding of the bias valve＇s spool at various frequencies.An experimental system was built to validate the theoretical analysis.It is verified that the 2D exciter is capable of working smoothly in a frequency range of 5- 200 Hz.And its frequency,amplitude and offset can be controlled respectively by either closed loop or open loop method.There is a linear relationship between the output amplitude and the spool axial opening of the 2D valve until a point when the flow rate becomes saturate and the amplitude remains constant.The offset displacement of the cylinder＇s piston is linearly proportional to the axial displacement of the spool of the bias valve,when the valve opening is less than 25%.Thereafter,the slop of the offset curve decreases and tends to saturate.The proposed electro-hydraulic vibration controlled by the 2D valve not only facilitates the realization of high-frequency electro-hydraulic vibration,the high-accuracy of vibration can also be achieved by means of independent controls to the frequency,amplitude and offset.

Mechanism of electro-hydraulic exciter for new tamping device

A new tamping device which is driven by an electrohydraulic exciter was proposed to overcome the limitations of mechanically driven devices.The double-rod oscillation cylinder drives the tamping arm to realize vibration.A new spin valve was designed in order to fulfill dynamic state requirements of the oscillation cylinder.Parametric analysis was carried out by establishing mathematic model.Then,the relationships among the structure of valve port and the frequency,amplitude,output shock force of the cylinder were researched.An experimental device of the electrohydraulic exciter was established to validate the theoretical results.The signals were acquired by AVANT dynamic signal analyser of vibration.The results show that new tamping device can satisfy all kinds of complex working conditions with the flexible adjustment of frequency and amplitude.

DYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS OF LARGE FLOW RATING ELECTROHYDRAULIC PROPORTIONAL CARTRIDGE VALVE

A kind of cartridge servo proportional valve is discussed, which can be used for controlling large flow rate with high performance. By analyzing the structure principle of the valve, the transfer fimction of the valve is derived. With the transfer function, some structure elements that may affect its performance are investigated. Through the numerical simulation and test study, some principles of optimality and effective methods for improving the dynamic performance of the valve are proposed. The test results conform to the results of the theoretical analysis and simulation, which proves the correctness of the study and simulation works. The paper provides theoretical basis for engineering applications and series expanding design works

Study on Valve Management of DEH for Steam Turbine

Valve management is one of the major functions of DEH for steam turbine. It has an important practical significance for the security and economy of the steam turbine. This paper starts from the valve configuration figure of the domestic-type 300 MW steam turbine, and then makes a simple comparison between the two types of valve governing modes. In order to realize the valve control, the structure of control system has been established, in which the roles of the mathematical functions are discussed. On the basis of the experiment of valve flow characteristic, this article carries out a quantitative study on the functions of the valve management and the parameter tuning method. Through a serious corrections, the sequence valve flow characteristic curve is obtained, which can provide significant guidance on the research of valve management of the similar steam turbines.

The Energy Balance of the Electro-Hydraulic Linear Actuation System

The variable gas exchange valve actuation systems have been developed in order to improve the efficiency of the combustion process. The electro-hydraulic valve actuation （EHVA） systems have good power to weight ratio, high maximum force and good controllability. The disadvantages are limited frequency bandwidth and energy recovery. Each component of the EHVA system has certain energy consumption, which is characteristic to the component. In this study the power consumptions of the components are investigated by means of the simulation. The investigated components are a hydraulic pump, a hydraulic accumulator, a control valve, and hydraulic lines connecting the components. The pressure losses caused by the oil flow are most significant in the control valves, 50-60% of the total energy consumption. If the stored kinetic energy of the actuator and moving oil masses could be reused, the energy consumption could be up to 25% better.

Analysis of fretting wear behavior of unloading valve of gasoline direct injection high-pressure pump

The high pressures in gasoline direct injection technology lead to structural damage in some hydraulic components,especially annular damage on the contact area of the valve ball and on the valve seat of the spherical unloading valve in the high-pressure pump.In previous study,the authors have analyzed the damage on the unloading valve and demonstrated that it is caused neither by static damage nor fatigue damage and have put forward the hypothesis of fretting wear.This paper is based on the establishment of the statically indeterminate structure of the unloading valve.The micro friction parameters(stress,friction coefficient,etc.)required for the numerical iterative calculation of fretting wear are calculated.In addition,based on the grid adaptive technology and a modified Archard wear model,the fretting wear is calculated quantitatively and is in good agreement with experimental results.Based on that verification,the wear laws of the valve ball and valve seat under the same hardness,different contact angles,and different assembly stresses,are analyzed in detail,and reasoned suggestions for the structural design and assembly design of the ball valve are given.

Static Characteristics of the New Type Nozzle Flapper Amplifier for Double Nozzle Flapper Electro-Hydraulic Servo Valve

A new type nozzle flapper amplifier for double nozzle flapper electro-hydraulic servo valve is proposed in the paper.The electro-mechanical converter of new type nozzle flapper amplifier is designed by using the piezoelectric bimorph and beryllium-bronze materials.The structure and working principle of the new type nozzle flapper amplifier are introduced.Pressure characteristic and flowrate characteristic are analyzed by experimental method.The research results show that pressure characteristic has large amplification factor and output pressure;flowrate characteristic has large linear range and output flowrate.

Refined modeling and experimental verification of a torque motor for an electro-hydraulic servo valve

The Permanent Magnet Torque Motor(PMTM)is the key electro-mechanical conversion device in an Electro-Hydraulic Servo Valve(EHSV).In this work,a refined model of a PMTM is developed,considering the non-working air-gaps between the upper or lower yoke and the armature,the fringing effect at the limiting holes,and the nonlinear permeability of soft magnetic material.Based on the refined model,the influences of various factors on the calculation accuracy of the magnetic flux at the pole surfaces of the armature and the output torque are investigated.For verifying the validity of the refined model,a Finite Element Analysis(FEA)of the PMTM is conducted,and a test platform is constructed.Compared with existing models,the refined model can better reveal the intrinsic mechanism of the PMTM,and its calculations are more consistent with the FEA results.The experimental results of the armature deflection displacement show that the refined model can accurately describe the output characteristics of the PMTM.

柱塞泵配流盘卸荷槽开度对瞬态流场特征影响

空化是影响轴向柱塞泵性能的关键因素,柱塞缸体表面损坏是一种常见的失效形式,但目前成因尚不清晰。建立柱塞泵三维流场仿真模型,设计可观察单个柱塞腔与卸荷槽导通状态下流场特征的实验装置,并采用流体仿真和流场可视化测量的方法揭示了其成因。研究结果表明:射流角随卸荷槽开度的增大而增大,并伴随漩涡的产生与消失,射流中心速度大于20 m/s时漩涡产生;柱塞腔与卸荷槽由导通至完全截止的转变过程中,射流角由0°逐渐增大至60°,当射流角由0°向20°变化时,射流方向主要集中于柱塞缸体与配流盘腰型槽接触的表面处,导致柱塞缸体表面和配流盘吸油腰型槽上部产生射流破坏和气蚀破坏;当射流角由20°向60°变化时,射流方向将向配流盘腰型槽内部扩展,导致配流盘破坏区域由上部移向内部。上述研究结果有助于厘清柱塞缸体摩擦表面气蚀成因,为配流盘结构优化设计提供了约束条件,对提升柱塞泵的综合性能也有重要意义。

高压超大流量纯水卸荷阀启闭动态压力特性研究

卸荷阀是液压支架系统关键的压力控制元件。提出了一种高压超大流量纯水卸荷阀结构,并对卸荷阀的工作原理进行分析,建立了卸荷阀的数学模型。通过搭建AMESim仿真模型,分析了卸荷阀的动态循环工作过程,以及先导阀、主阀、单向阀的启闭动态压力特性。在调定卸荷压力下,对影响卸荷阀恢复压力的关键因素进行了分析。为了验证仿真模型的准确性,搭建了卸荷阀的试验测试系统。研究表明,仿真与试验的压力参数吻合较好,通过调整顶杆直径、阻尼孔直径、阻尼孔长度及先导阀弹簧刚度,可以优化卸荷阀的恢复压力,研究结果可以为高压超大流量纯水卸荷阀的设计提供理论基础。

矿用液压支架大流量安全阀卸荷性能分析

针对液压支架大流量安全阀在冲击载荷作用下不稳定的问题,以矿用液压支架上的FAD500/50型大流量安全阀作为研究对象,依据其结构和工作原理,利用AMESim软件对安全阀过载时的卸荷性能进行仿真分析,得到安全阀溢流时压力与流量动态输出特性以及阀芯运动规律特性。结果表明:在冲击载荷下,安全阀压力超调量和压力超调率分别为5.9 MPa和15%;安全阀开启瞬间阀芯会产生震荡,突变载荷是阀芯产生震荡的主要因素。最后通过试验证明了安全阀回路压力损失随着乳化液流量的增大而增大,但在0~320 L/min公称流量下,安全阀的压力损失低于7 MPa,系统整体运行稳定。

拖拉机挂车气制动系统设计

介绍了拖拉机挂车气制动系统的通用要求,阐述了储气筒、空气压缩机和卸荷阀的设计要点。分别从储气筒、刹车阀、卸荷阀、空气压缩机出气管和气制动管路等方面介绍挂车气制动系统的布置原则。介绍了管路直径、材料选取规范,对管路固定和连接、软管布置、零部件通用化进行说明。

煤矿液压支架供液系统智能化应用

针对煤矿液压支架供液系统压力波动较大,导致支架跟机速度无法得到保障的问题,通过对液压支架供液系统控制进行研究,提出了一种卸荷阀优化设计方案;为减缓其在开关过程中,因阀芯快速开闭引起的压力冲击及流量脉动,设计了一套稳压供液的自适应供液系统,有效提高液压支架供液系统智能化水平。