Adding effects of Ni and Mn on electromagnetic interference(EMI) shield of Sn-based architectural materials

It has been proved by the World Health Organization （WHO） that electromagnetic waves would bring threats to public health in the tourism environment. However, most of the recent research about the relationship between building materials and electromagnetic waves was mainly focused on the electromagnetic products. It has also been claimed that the related research can rarely been found. Generally, ecotourism more tends to emphasize on a development of a new product and uni-environment study. However, these studies did not concern much on the application for conformity of healthcare-living materials, particularly to those block high-transparency materials. Hence, this research approaches to conform the application of architectural technique for producing tin-based powder with the add-on of Ni and Mg, in order to discuss the fully anti-electromagnetic wave property of healthcare material. With a low-cost advantage, the application field of architecture defines the ternary powder system, namely Sn-Al-Ni （SAN） and Sn-Al-Mn （SAM）. Additionally, the surface coating method can be implemented to review the influence of particle size, content ratio of Ni and Mn, stack effect, porosity and thickness to electromagnetic interference （EMI） mechanism.

虑及互耦效应的线缆辐射EMI建模

并行布线结构的开关电源线缆是开关电源辐射电磁干扰EMI(electromagnetic interference)的重要干扰源。针对并行线缆间辐射场互耦效应机理不明晰使得辐射电磁干扰预测不准确的问题,提出1种虑及线缆间互耦效应开关电源线缆的辐射电磁干扰模型。通过对描述线缆互耦效应的互阻抗建模,得到描述开关电源线缆辐射特性的辐射EMI输入阻抗模型,进而得到虑及互耦效应开关电源线缆的辐射EMI模型;搭建辐射EMI测试实验平台进行测试。实验结果表明,所提虑及互耦效应的辐射电磁干扰模型能够更为准确地预测开关电源线缆的辐射电磁干扰。

基于电磁干扰对消EMI有源滤波模块设计

针对火控设备因开关电源电磁干扰所引起的辐射超标问题,基于差模与共模结合的混合抑制原理,运用电磁干扰对消技术,制作一款小型化的有源滤波模块。该模块尺寸为25.4 mm×25.4 mm×6.0 mm,满足低剖面及便于电路板集成的需求。经实测,其能够抑制10 kHz~10 MHz频段内电源干扰,满足GJB 151B相关电磁兼容要求。通过实测比较发现,与无源滤波相比,其具有体积小、成本低、滤波性能稳定等优点。

Wavelet analysis method of harmonics and electromagnetic interference in coal mines

In this study we propose an analytical method based on orthogonal wavelet transforms for detecting harmonic noise and Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) from power supply systems and equipment in coal mines. The method will separate interference from signals through wavelet packet decomposition and then accomplish wavelet packet synthesis towards decomposition results after filtering, to remove harmonic noise and electromagnetic interference. Detailed simulation experiments are presented to study power harmonics and Electrical Fast Transient Burst (EFT/B) interference and to validate the effectiveness of our proposed method. The experimental results show that the proposed method, suitable for mutant and non-stationary signal detection, can accurately analyze harmonic interference and EMI in coal mines, as well as establish EMI source models and perform underground Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) prediction analyses.

Annealing effects of Sn-Al and Sn-Cu nano thin films on mechanism of electromagnetic interference shielding

The sputtered Sn-Al and Sn-Cu thin films were used to investigate the effects of the crystallization mechanism and film thickness on the electromagnetic interference （EMI） characteristics. In addition, the annealed microstructure, electrical conductivities and EMI characteristics of the Sn-xAl films and the Sn-xCu films were compared. The results show that the electromagnetic interference （EMI） shielding of Sn-Al film was increased after annealing. For the Sn-Cu films with higher Cu mole concentration, the low frequency EMI shielding could not be improved. After annealing, the Sn-Cu thin film with lower Cu mole concentration possesses excellent EMI shielding at lower frequencies, but has an inverse tendency at higher frequencies.

Investigation and Reduction on Conducted Electromagnetic Interference Noise Mechanism for Complex Power Electronics Systems

针对复杂电子系统产生的传导EMI噪声,该文分别利用电偶极子模型、电路分析方法和散射参数方法提出了3种传导EMI噪声理论模型及其等效电路,包括因串扰引起的传导噪声模型,因接地不良引起的传导噪声模型,以及因PCB线缆阻抗失配引起的传导噪声模型。同时,还设计了一种串扰扼流圈以有效抑制因串扰引起的传导EMI噪声。实验结果表明,采用文中方法,某型商用车载导航和刷卡器能够通过GB 9254标准测试,噪声抑制效果分别可达44.8和29.28 dB V,从而验证了方法的有效性。

Polypyrrole-Coated Zein/Epoxy Ultrafine Fiber Mats for Electromagnetic Interference Shielding

To reduce the environmental pollution and meet the needs for wearable electronic devices, new requirements for electromagnetic interference(EMI) shielding materials include flexibility, biodegradability, and biocompatibility. Herein, we reported a polypyrrole-coated zein/epoxy(PPy/ZE) ultrafine fiber mat which was inherently biodegradable and skin-friendly. In addition, it could maintain its ultrafine fibrous structure after coating, which could provide the mat with mechanical compliance, high porosity, and a large specific area for high EMI shielding. With the assistance of the epoxide cross-linking, the breaking stresses of the PPy/ZE fiber mats could achieve 3.3 MPa and 1.4 MPa and the strains were 40.1% and 83.0% in dry and wet states, respectively, which met the needs of various wearable electronic devices. Along with the extension in the PPy treatment duration, more PPy was loaded on the fiber surfaces, which formed more integrated and conductive paths to generate increasing conductivities up to 401.76 S·m^(-1). Moreover, the EMI shielding performance was raised to 26.84 dB. The biobased mats provide a green and efficient choice for EMI shielding materials, which may be a promising strategy to address EMI problems in multiple fields.

Laser-Induced Graphene Conductive Fabric Decorated with Copper Nanoparticles for Electromagnetic Interference Shielding Application

To meet the demands for flexible electromagnetic interference(EMI)shielding materials,a type of conductive fabric is prepared by generating three-dimensional(3D)porous laser-induced graphene(LIG)in situ on the surface of the aramid fabric(AF)and then electroless plating copper.After LIG treatment,the porous AF demonstrates admirable conductivity due to the generation of graphene.The superior surface resistance of the conductive fabric can reach 1.57Ω/sq after copper deposition,and the average EMI shielding effectiveness(SE)can reach 34.3 dB in a frequency range of 8.2 to 12.4 GHz,with the EMW absorption accounting for about 80%.The proposed technology provides a new idea for preparation of flexible EMI shielding materials.

考虑结电容和跨导非线性的辐射频段EMI分析模型

宽禁带WBG(wide band gap)半导体电力电子器件由于其开关频率高、开关速度快、寄生参数大等特点从噪声源头引发了越来越严峻的电磁干扰问题。然而,传统的噪声源研究主要集中在30 MHz传导频段以内,如何评估噪声源在30~300 MHz较高频率范围内的辐射频段产生的影响仍存在不确定性,因此提出1种改进的WBG器件电磁干扰分析模型,与传统的非对称梯形波电磁干扰模型相比,首次详细考虑了WBG器件的结电容和跨导体的非线性特性,评估了非线性参数对辐射频段噪声的影响,并进一步提出该模型在辐射频段噪声源抑制中的应用。仿真结果验证了所提计算方法的准确性,基于SiC器件的硬件测试结果与理论分析相吻合。

具有软启动功能的EMI直流滤波器设计

宽禁带半导体器件的应用使电动汽车的电机驱动系统更加小型化和轻量化,但也引发了更为严重的电磁干扰,使得驱动系统的可靠性面临严峻挑战。为此,以24 V/2 A的EMI直流滤波器为例,通过噪声源、滤波器原理及阻抗影响的分析,依据插入损耗指标进行滤波器参数设计。同时,考虑到整车启动时刻的启动冲击,加入软启动电路,进一步提高电动汽车驱动系统可靠性。实验测试验证了滤波器的电磁干扰抑制效果和软启动性能,证明了滤波器设计的可行性和有效性。

基于分数阶混沌的反激变换器辐射EMI主动抑制

快速通断的开关信号是造成开关电源电磁干扰EMI(electromagnetic interference)的主要原因。目前,关于混沌抑制EMI技术的研究主要集中在利用整数阶混沌抑制传导EMI。在此基础上,本文对分数阶混沌在辐射EMI上的抑制以及最优阶次的选取问题展开研究。首先,通过分数阶Lorenz的频谱特性及Lyapunov指数谱分析,优选出1.8阶Lorenz信号为最佳扩频序列;其次,基于变开关频率抑制EMI技术的基本原理,在STM32单片机中分别实现了定频、整数阶、2.7阶、1.8阶Lorenz混沌扩频PWM信号,在一台5 W反激变换器中进行近场辐射实验,证明了1.8阶Lorenz信号对近场磁场辐射抑制作用最强;最后,测得分数阶Lorenz混沌与定频PWM控制下,样机的整机效率相差2%左右,验证了分数阶混沌PWM在辐射EMI抑制性能上的优越性。

Application of chaotic modulation to AC motors for electro magnetic interference suppression

Instead of avoiding occurrence of chaos in motor drives, chaos is positively utilized in this paper. A new chaotic pulse width modulation （PWM） scheme is proposed and implemented for AC motors, which functions to significantly suppress harmonic peaks and hence acoustic noise. The key is to employ the Chua＇s circuit for generating a desired chaotic sequence. By using a practical induction motor, computer simulation and experimental results verify that the chaotic PWM has advantages of harmonic peak suppression and simple hardware implementation over the conventional PWM and random PWM.

基于人工神经网络的差模EMI滤波器插入损耗预测

在电力电子设备中,高速开关经常会导致严重的电磁干扰EMI(electromagnetic interfere),严重影响电力电子系统的可靠性。为解决EMI问题,EMI滤波器是1种常用的解决方案。插入损耗作为噪声衰减能力的评价指标,其模型的准确性直接影响EMI滤波器的参数设计精度。为了提高EMI滤波器插入损耗模型的预测精度,首先准确描述系统行为并预测EMI滤波器滤波性能,提高EMI滤波器设计效率,然后利用反向传播神经网络对单级差模EMI滤波器的插入损耗进行建模。相较于理想模型和高频电路的行为模型,所提神经网络模型预测精度具有更好的实际应用价值,可以快速评估EMI滤波器的实际插入损耗,提高EMI滤波器设计效率,并为EMI滤波器的设计和优化提供指导。

基于矢量拟合法的交流接触器EMI高频模型

随着交流接触器的智能化,越来越多的交流接触器控制系统采用了电力电子器件。但开关器件的引入会产生大量的电磁干扰,影响控制系统的工作稳定性。交流接触器作为控制系统中电磁干扰流经的重要路径,需要对其高频电路模型进行精确建模。针对不易建立高精度、宽频带的交流接触器电磁干扰(EMI)高频模型问题,提出了一种基于矢量拟合法的交流接触器EMI高频模型和建模方法。首先将交流接触器的阻抗表示成网络函数形式。然后使用矢量网络分析仪测取线圈出线端口的阻抗特性数据,对测得的数据进行矢量拟合,求出极点和留数。之后根据网络函数与电路参数的关系,对拟合出的极点和留数进行电路等效,并在电路仿真软件中搭建交流接触器高频电路模型并进行仿真。仿真实验结果表明该高频电路模型在150 kHz~30 MHz频段范围内有较高的精度。最后将交流接触器EMI高频模型代入交流接触器控制系统EMI模型中进行时域仿真。仿真实验结果显示在150 kHz~30 MHz频率范围内,建立的接触器EMI高频模型可用于接触器控制系统的传导电磁干扰分析。

三电平NPC变换器电流纹波与EMI优化调制策略

针对三电平中点钳位型NPC(neutral point clamped)变换器开关频率提高导致变换器电流纹波与电磁干扰噪声增大的问题,提出1种基于电流纹波预测的变开关频率调制策略,以降低三电平NPC变换器电流纹波、谐波噪声及电磁干扰噪声。根据电流纹波的要求计算出开关周期与采样周期并合成最新的开关周期,形成反馈,从而实现变频调制。使随机周期分布在期望周期的周围,从而使变换器的谐波噪声和电磁噪声更加均匀地分布在较宽的频段上,以达到减少变换器电磁噪声的目的,并改善输出电感上的电流纹波。相关仿真及实验结果表明,相较于传统的调制策略,所提调制策略共模噪声降低了约20 dB/μV,差模噪声降低了约10 dB/μV,其输出电感电流纹波幅值也有相应的减少。

基于SiC MOSFET同步BuckDC-DC变换器的宽频混合EMI滤波器设计

由于SiC MOSFET在高速开关电源中的广泛应用,导致严重的电磁干扰(EMI)问题,因此EMI滤波器的设计成为研究热点。为了满足电磁兼容(EMC)标准,无源EMI滤波器可以有效地降低DC-DC变换器产生的电磁干扰,但是无源磁性器件的体积较大,不利于提高DC-DC变换器的功率密度。该文分析DC-DC变换器的电磁干扰源和噪声源阻抗特性,建立无源和有源EMI滤波器的理论模型,提出宽频混合EMI滤波器的设计方法。最后,通过实验验证宽频混合EMI滤波器对DC-DC变换器EMI的抑制效果。

复杂电子系统辐射EMI噪声机理分析与抑制

复杂电子系统产生的电磁干扰噪声包括传导EMI噪声和辐射EMI噪声,辐射EMI噪声会通过空间电磁场形式影响其它电子设备。针对复杂电子系统产生的辐射EMI噪声,该文分别建立5种辐射噪声理论模型及其等效电路,包括因接地不良引起的辐射噪声模型,因信号大环路引起的辐射噪声模型,因串扰引起的辐射噪声模型,因传输线缆引起的辐射噪声模型,以及因阻抗失配引起的辐射噪声模型。同时,还针对上述辐射噪声提出了相应的噪声抑制方法。实验结果表明,采用文中方法,某型助视器和测控保护装置能够通过GB 9254标准测试,噪声抑制效果分别可达20和21.5dB V/m,从而验证了方法的有效性。

电磁干扰(EMI)和射频干扰(RFI)及其抑制措施研究

在电子系统中 ,强电与弱电交叉耦合的应用环境 ,干扰错综复杂 ,严重影响系统的稳定性和可靠性。本文介绍EMI/RFI产生的原因和导入途径 ,分析并提出了一些行之有效的

PWM逆变器-感应电机驱动系统中接地电流EMI问题的分析

在IGBTPWM逆变器—感应电机驱动系统中,IGBT的高速开关动作产生很高|dv/dt|和|di/dt|能够导致严重的电磁干扰(EMI)问题。研究表明不仅需要了解干扰的频谱, 而且也必须知道它们的时域波形才能全面刻画干扰的本质。如何准确描述并分析这种问题是复杂而困难的,该文应用系统函数的方法来描述这种EMI耦合通道的特征,并不需要对寄生电路进行复杂的参数提取,而且能准确预测了EMI的时域波形和频谱特性。接地电流脉冲峰值对应|dv/dt|的峰值。导通时,|dv/dt|基本不随着负载电流的变化而变化,而关断时,负载电流越小,|dv/dt|越小。由于|dv/dt|在开通时的值要比关断时大得多,因此接地电流EMI问题主要由IGBT的开通决定。系统函数的幅度频谱呈现带通特性。尽管逆变器工作时其拓扑结构发生变化,但是对描述耦合通道的系统函数的影响很小。当三相桥臂的两个IGBT同时开通或同时关断时,接地电流加倍。

平均电流控制的Boost PFC变换器最恶劣传导EMI频谱分析

平均电流控制的Boost PFC变换器可能工作于电感电流在半个工频周期内全连续、部分断续和全断续的模式,且不同工作模式下,变换器的传导EMI频谱存在差异。为了分析变换器的最恶劣传导EMI频谱并简化EMI滤波器的设计,首先给出变换器不同工作模式的输入电压和负载条件,并给出开关管漏源极电压的波形。通过分析开关管漏源极电压的各次谐波幅值特性指出,传导EMI开关频率基波的最恶劣情况出现在电感电流全连续的工作模式下,其它次谐波的最恶劣情况出现在负载较轻的条件下。