Investigation of ultraweak emissions in the processes of chemiluminescence, CL, and electrochemiluminesce, ECL, requires special techniques of their recording and spectral analysis. From among the hitherto proposed me...Investigation of ultraweak emissions in the processes of chemiluminescence, CL, and electrochemiluminesce, ECL, requires special techniques of their recording and spectral analysis. From among the hitherto proposed methods of detection of the emission spectra of these processes, that of the cut-off filter was most sensitive. The usefulness of this method in interpretation of the CL and ECL systems of the quantum yields in the range 1×10^-9-1×10^-11 containing ions and complexes of Eu（Ⅲ）, Tb（Ⅲ） and Dy0ID was shown. Exceptional character of the emission bands of lanthanide ions, being a result of the f-f electron transitions and in particular their low FWHM, permitted the appli- cation of the cut-off filter method to their analysis. The results obtained for CL and ECL on the basis of analysis of ultraweak emission proved to be successful in analytical applications. The systems containing Eu（Ⅲ） ions hydrated or complexed with organic ligands enabled inferring changes in the coordination sphere of the ions.展开更多
A series of carbon nitride(CN)materials represented by graphitic carbon nitride(g-C_(3)N_(4))have been widely used in bioimaging,biosensing,and other fields in recent years due to their nontoxicity,low cost,and high l...A series of carbon nitride(CN)materials represented by graphitic carbon nitride(g-C_(3)N_(4))have been widely used in bioimaging,biosensing,and other fields in recent years due to their nontoxicity,low cost,and high luminescent quantum efficiency.What is more attractive is that the luminescent properties such as wavelength and intensity can be regulated by controlling the structure at the molecular level.Hence,it is time to summarize the related research on CN structural evolution and make a prospect on future developments.In this review,we first summarize the research history and multiple structural evolution of CN.Then,the progress of improving the luminescence performance of CN through structural evolution was discussed.Significantly,the relationship between CN structure evolution and energy conversion in the forms of photoluminescence,chemiluminescence,and electrochemiluminescence was reviewed.Finally,key challenges and opportunities such as nanoscale dispersion strategy,luminous efficiency improving methods,standardization evaluation,and macroscopic preparation of CN are highlighted.展开更多
Due to strong photoluminescence,extraordinary photostability,excellent biocompatibility,and good water-solubility,metal nanoclusters have attracted enormous attention since discovered.They are found to be novel fluore...Due to strong photoluminescence,extraordinary photostability,excellent biocompatibility,and good water-solubility,metal nanoclusters have attracted enormous attention since discovered.They are found to be novel fluorescence labels for biological applications and environmental monitoring.Recently the chemiluminescence(CL) or electrochemiluminescence(ECL) of metal nanoclusters has received increasing attention.This review covers recent vibrant developments in this field of the past 5 years,and highlights different functions of metal nanoclusters in various CL and ECL systems,such as luminophores,catalysts,and quenchers.Latest synthetic methods of metal nanoclusters used in CL or ECL are also summarized.Furthermore,we discuss some perspectives and critical challenges of this field in the near future.展开更多
Electrochemiluminescence(ECL)-based imaging analysis is a dominant method to inspect the electrode composition,to study electrochemical reaction kinetics at a microscopic level,and also a rapid emerging technology in ...Electrochemiluminescence(ECL)-based imaging analysis is a dominant method to inspect the electrode composition,to study electrochemical reaction kinetics at a microscopic level,and also a rapid emerging technology in bioanalysis with high spatiotemporal resolutions,high-throughput and visualization characteristics.In comparison with other imaging microscopes,an optical excitation is not involved in imaging,thus the approach is free from background noise resulting in a low detec-tion limit.In this review work,the principle of ECL,its unique natures compared to other luminescence techniques were briefed at first.Then after,the progress and basic principles of ECL imaging were summarized.Furthermore,recent and representative advances of ECL imaging for visualizing and sensing applications were reviewed.Finally,the perspectives in ECL imaging for further perspective were discussed.展开更多
The electrochemiluminescence(ECL)properties of many carbon materials have been reported with glassy carbon(GC),Pt,Au or indium tin oxide(ITO)as the working electrode(WE).As one type of carbon materials,GC itself can g...The electrochemiluminescence(ECL)properties of many carbon materials have been reported with glassy carbon(GC),Pt,Au or indium tin oxide(ITO)as the working electrode(WE).As one type of carbon materials,GC itself can generate ECL signal.Some research groups have already noticed the ECL signal from GC WE and reported the results of GC WE with respect to their luminophores.However,comprehensive analyses of ECL properties of GC WE are rare.Herein,the ECL properties of GC WE in organic electrolyte with benzoyl peroxide as the coreactant are reported.Our results are of great importance to distinguish the true ECL data of luminophores from that of GC.展开更多
Due to the advantages of low background interference and high sensitivity, electrochemiluminescence (ECL)-based sensor has developed rapidly in recent years. The ECL sensors have shown the potential in the ultrasensit...Due to the advantages of low background interference and high sensitivity, electrochemiluminescence (ECL)-based sensor has developed rapidly in recent years. The ECL sensors have shown the potential in the ultrasensitive and real-time analysis. Especially, the visual ECL analysis, including visual detection, cell imaging and single particle analysis, has offered many unique sensing platforms for analysis research and point-of-care testing. The high throughput ECL image analysis can not only provide ECL intensity but also reveal more information about the chemical reaction activity of particle and the physi-ological processes of cell operation. Therefore, we review the novel ECL luminophore, sensing systems, and successful applications in the visual ECL detection and imaging in this paper. First, the different ECL luminophore is summarized. Second, we discuss the ECL sensing mechanisms, focusing on the advantages and limitations of different sensing methods. Then, we highlight the recent advances in representative examples of visual ECL analysis, including aptasensing, multiplex immunoassays, cell imaging and single-particle analysis. At last, the outlook and prospects for the future visual ECL analysis are discussed based on the current development of ECL research.展开更多
Graphitic carbon nitride(g-C3N4)has attracted considerable attention due to its special structure and properties,such as its good chemical and thermal stability under ambient conditions,low cost and non-toxicity,and f...Graphitic carbon nitride(g-C3N4)has attracted considerable attention due to its special structure and properties,such as its good chemical and thermal stability under ambient conditions,low cost and non-toxicity,and facile synthesis.Recently,g-C3N4-based sensors have been demonstrated to be of high interests in the areas of sensing due to the unique optical,electronic and catalytic properties of g-C3N4.This review focuses on the most salient advances in luminescent sensors based on g-C3N4,chemiluminescence,cataluminescence and electrochemiluminescence methods are discussed.This review provides valuable information for researchers of related areas and thus may inspire the development of more practical and effective approaches for designing two-dimensional(2D)nanomaterial-assisted luminescent sensors.展开更多
Electrochemiluminescence(ECL)is a powerful transduction technique used in biosensing and in vitro diagnosis,while the mechanism of ECL generation is complicated and affected by various factors.Herein the effect of ion...Electrochemiluminescence(ECL)is a powerful transduction technique used in biosensing and in vitro diagnosis,while the mechanism of ECL generation is complicated and affected by various factors.Herein the effect of ionic strength on ECL generation by the classical tris(2,2′-bipyridyl)ruthenium(II)[Ru(bpy)_(3)^(2+)]/tri-n-propylamine(TPrA)system was investigated.It is clear that the ECL intensity decreases significantly with the increase of ionic strength,most likely arising from the reduced deprotonation rate of TPrA^(+)·.We further combined microtube electrode(MTE)with ECL microscopy to unravel the evolution of ECL layer with the variation of ionic strength.At a low concentration of Ru(bpy)_(3)^(2+),the thickness of ECL layer(TEL)nearly kept unchanged with the ionic strength,indicating the surface-confined ECL generation is dominated by the oxidative-reduction route.While at a high concentration of Ru(bpy)_(3)^(2+),ECL generation is dominated by the catalytic route and TEL increases remarkably with the increase of ionic strength,because of the extended diffusion length of Ru(bpy)_(3)^(3+) at a reduced concentration of TPrA·.展开更多
In this paper,a luminol analog,L012,with a high-electrochemiluminescence(ECL)illumination is covalently assembled at indium tin oxide(ITO)surface that exhibits the ECL response to hydrogen peroxide in the solution.The...In this paper,a luminol analog,L012,with a high-electrochemiluminescence(ECL)illumination is covalently assembled at indium tin oxide(ITO)surface that exhibits the ECL response to hydrogen peroxide in the solution.The ITO slide is firstly functioned with amine group that react with glutaraldehyde to introduce aldehyde group at the surface.Upon the exposure to L012 with amine group,the reaction between the aldehyde group and the amine group results in the linkage of L012 at the electrode surface.In the presence of hydrogen peroxide,enhanced ECL from L012 at the electrode surface is observed that is linearly related with the concentration of hydrogen peroxide.The detection limit is determined to be 4.3μM(S/N=3).The successful establishment of ECL response to hydrogen peroxide using L012 modified electrode will provide a new functioned ECL surface for the future ECL imaging of hydrogen peroxide release from single cells.展开更多
Electrochemiluminescence(ECL)of luminol is a luminescence process that proceeds in the presence of reactive oxygen species(e.g.hydrogen peroxide(H_(2)O_(2)))at a suitable electrode potential,the reaction mechanism of ...Electrochemiluminescence(ECL)of luminol is a luminescence process that proceeds in the presence of reactive oxygen species(e.g.hydrogen peroxide(H_(2)O_(2)))at a suitable electrode potential,the reaction mechanism of which is complicated and remains ambiguous.In this work,we report a visualization approach for measuring the thickness of the ECL layer(TEL)of the luminol/H_(2)O_(2) system to decipher the reaction process by combined use of the microtube electrode,ECL microscopy,and finite element simulations.With the increase of solution pH,the ECL image captured with the microtube electrode tends to vary from spot to ring,corresponding to the decrease of TEL from>9.1𝜇m to ca.4.3𝜇m.We propose that different intermediates are involved in the course of ECL reaction.At a low pH(e.g.pH<9),a relatively large TEL is most likely determined by the diffusion of oxidized and deprotonated luminol intermediate that is neutral and has a long lifetime.While at a high pH(e.g.pH in the range of 10 to 12),the ECL reaction is controlled by short-lived radical intermediates of both luminol and superoxide anion.The proposed mechanism is proved theoretically by finite element simulations and experimentally by the apparent effect of concentration ratio of luminol/H_(2)O_(2).展开更多
基金support from the Polish Ministry of Science and Higher EducationGrant N N204 028236
文摘Investigation of ultraweak emissions in the processes of chemiluminescence, CL, and electrochemiluminesce, ECL, requires special techniques of their recording and spectral analysis. From among the hitherto proposed methods of detection of the emission spectra of these processes, that of the cut-off filter was most sensitive. The usefulness of this method in interpretation of the CL and ECL systems of the quantum yields in the range 1×10^-9-1×10^-11 containing ions and complexes of Eu（Ⅲ）, Tb（Ⅲ） and Dy0ID was shown. Exceptional character of the emission bands of lanthanide ions, being a result of the f-f electron transitions and in particular their low FWHM, permitted the appli- cation of the cut-off filter method to their analysis. The results obtained for CL and ECL on the basis of analysis of ultraweak emission proved to be successful in analytical applications. The systems containing Eu（Ⅲ） ions hydrated or complexed with organic ligands enabled inferring changes in the coordination sphere of the ions.
基金Natural Science Foundation of Hebei ProvinceTangshan Talent Funding Project,Grant/Award Number:E2022209039+1 种基金Key Research Project of North China University of Science and Technology,Grant/Award Number:ZD-YG 202301Tangshan Talent Punding Project,Grant/Award Number:A202202007
文摘A series of carbon nitride(CN)materials represented by graphitic carbon nitride(g-C_(3)N_(4))have been widely used in bioimaging,biosensing,and other fields in recent years due to their nontoxicity,low cost,and high luminescent quantum efficiency.What is more attractive is that the luminescent properties such as wavelength and intensity can be regulated by controlling the structure at the molecular level.Hence,it is time to summarize the related research on CN structural evolution and make a prospect on future developments.In this review,we first summarize the research history and multiple structural evolution of CN.Then,the progress of improving the luminescence performance of CN through structural evolution was discussed.Significantly,the relationship between CN structure evolution and energy conversion in the forms of photoluminescence,chemiluminescence,and electrochemiluminescence was reviewed.Finally,key challenges and opportunities such as nanoscale dispersion strategy,luminous efficiency improving methods,standardization evaluation,and macroscopic preparation of CN are highlighted.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21344008,21475123)the Financial Support by Ministry of Education of Liaoning Province(L2015434)+2 种基金the Scientific Public Welfare Research Foundation of Liaoning Province(2015004016)the doctoral scientific research foundation of Liaoning Province of China (201501077)the Open Funds of the State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry
文摘Due to strong photoluminescence,extraordinary photostability,excellent biocompatibility,and good water-solubility,metal nanoclusters have attracted enormous attention since discovered.They are found to be novel fluorescence labels for biological applications and environmental monitoring.Recently the chemiluminescence(CL) or electrochemiluminescence(ECL) of metal nanoclusters has received increasing attention.This review covers recent vibrant developments in this field of the past 5 years,and highlights different functions of metal nanoclusters in various CL and ECL systems,such as luminophores,catalysts,and quenchers.Latest synthetic methods of metal nanoclusters used in CL or ECL are also summarized.Furthermore,we discuss some perspectives and critical challenges of this field in the near future.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China[Nos.21675148,21874126,an 21804127]Ministry of Science and Technology of the People’s Republic of China[No.2016YFA0201300]the Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)-the Academy of Sciences for the Developing World(TWAS)President’s Fellowship Programme[No.2016CTF032].
文摘Electrochemiluminescence(ECL)-based imaging analysis is a dominant method to inspect the electrode composition,to study electrochemical reaction kinetics at a microscopic level,and also a rapid emerging technology in bioanalysis with high spatiotemporal resolutions,high-throughput and visualization characteristics.In comparison with other imaging microscopes,an optical excitation is not involved in imaging,thus the approach is free from background noise resulting in a low detec-tion limit.In this review work,the principle of ECL,its unique natures compared to other luminescence techniques were briefed at first.Then after,the progress and basic principles of ECL imaging were summarized.Furthermore,recent and representative advances of ECL imaging for visualizing and sensing applications were reviewed.Finally,the perspectives in ECL imaging for further perspective were discussed.
基金support from Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council Canada(NSERC,DG RGPIN-2013-201697,DG RGPIN-2018-06556 and SPG STPGP-2016-493924)Canada Foundation of Innovation,Ontario Innovation Trust(CFI/OIT,9040)+1 种基金Premier’s Research Excellence Award(PREA,2003)Western University.
文摘The electrochemiluminescence(ECL)properties of many carbon materials have been reported with glassy carbon(GC),Pt,Au or indium tin oxide(ITO)as the working electrode(WE).As one type of carbon materials,GC itself can generate ECL signal.Some research groups have already noticed the ECL signal from GC WE and reported the results of GC WE with respect to their luminophores.However,comprehensive analyses of ECL properties of GC WE are rare.Herein,the ECL properties of GC WE in organic electrolyte with benzoyl peroxide as the coreactant are reported.Our results are of great importance to distinguish the true ECL data of luminophores from that of GC.
基金The authors gratefully acknowledge financial support from Youth Science Fund of Jilin Province(20140520081JH)“Thirteenth Five Year”Project of the Science and Technology Research in the Education Department of Jilin Province,China.
文摘Due to the advantages of low background interference and high sensitivity, electrochemiluminescence (ECL)-based sensor has developed rapidly in recent years. The ECL sensors have shown the potential in the ultrasensitive and real-time analysis. Especially, the visual ECL analysis, including visual detection, cell imaging and single particle analysis, has offered many unique sensing platforms for analysis research and point-of-care testing. The high throughput ECL image analysis can not only provide ECL intensity but also reveal more information about the chemical reaction activity of particle and the physi-ological processes of cell operation. Therefore, we review the novel ECL luminophore, sensing systems, and successful applications in the visual ECL detection and imaging in this paper. First, the different ECL luminophore is summarized. Second, we discuss the ECL sensing mechanisms, focusing on the advantages and limitations of different sensing methods. Then, we highlight the recent advances in representative examples of visual ECL analysis, including aptasensing, multiplex immunoassays, cell imaging and single-particle analysis. At last, the outlook and prospects for the future visual ECL analysis are discussed based on the current development of ECL research.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China[nos.21405107 and 21375089].
文摘Graphitic carbon nitride(g-C3N4)has attracted considerable attention due to its special structure and properties,such as its good chemical and thermal stability under ambient conditions,low cost and non-toxicity,and facile synthesis.Recently,g-C3N4-based sensors have been demonstrated to be of high interests in the areas of sensing due to the unique optical,electronic and catalytic properties of g-C3N4.This review focuses on the most salient advances in luminescent sensors based on g-C3N4,chemiluminescence,cataluminescence and electrochemiluminescence methods are discussed.This review provides valuable information for researchers of related areas and thus may inspire the development of more practical and effective approaches for designing two-dimensional(2D)nanomaterial-assisted luminescent sensors.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22125405,22074131 and 21874117)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2021M702804).
文摘Electrochemiluminescence(ECL)is a powerful transduction technique used in biosensing and in vitro diagnosis,while the mechanism of ECL generation is complicated and affected by various factors.Herein the effect of ionic strength on ECL generation by the classical tris(2,2′-bipyridyl)ruthenium(II)[Ru(bpy)_(3)^(2+)]/tri-n-propylamine(TPrA)system was investigated.It is clear that the ECL intensity decreases significantly with the increase of ionic strength,most likely arising from the reduced deprotonation rate of TPrA^(+)·.We further combined microtube electrode(MTE)with ECL microscopy to unravel the evolution of ECL layer with the variation of ionic strength.At a low concentration of Ru(bpy)_(3)^(2+),the thickness of ECL layer(TEL)nearly kept unchanged with the ionic strength,indicating the surface-confined ECL generation is dominated by the oxidative-reduction route.While at a high concentration of Ru(bpy)_(3)^(2+),ECL generation is dominated by the catalytic route and TEL increases remarkably with the increase of ionic strength,because of the extended diffusion length of Ru(bpy)_(3)^(3+) at a reduced concentration of TPrA·.
文摘In this paper,a luminol analog,L012,with a high-electrochemiluminescence(ECL)illumination is covalently assembled at indium tin oxide(ITO)surface that exhibits the ECL response to hydrogen peroxide in the solution.The ITO slide is firstly functioned with amine group that react with glutaraldehyde to introduce aldehyde group at the surface.Upon the exposure to L012 with amine group,the reaction between the aldehyde group and the amine group results in the linkage of L012 at the electrode surface.In the presence of hydrogen peroxide,enhanced ECL from L012 at the electrode surface is observed that is linearly related with the concentration of hydrogen peroxide.The detection limit is determined to be 4.3μM(S/N=3).The successful establishment of ECL response to hydrogen peroxide using L012 modified electrode will provide a new functioned ECL surface for the future ECL imaging of hydrogen peroxide release from single cells.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grants No.22125405 and 21874117)the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province(Grant No.LZ18B050001).
文摘Electrochemiluminescence(ECL)of luminol is a luminescence process that proceeds in the presence of reactive oxygen species(e.g.hydrogen peroxide(H_(2)O_(2)))at a suitable electrode potential,the reaction mechanism of which is complicated and remains ambiguous.In this work,we report a visualization approach for measuring the thickness of the ECL layer(TEL)of the luminol/H_(2)O_(2) system to decipher the reaction process by combined use of the microtube electrode,ECL microscopy,and finite element simulations.With the increase of solution pH,the ECL image captured with the microtube electrode tends to vary from spot to ring,corresponding to the decrease of TEL from>9.1𝜇m to ca.4.3𝜇m.We propose that different intermediates are involved in the course of ECL reaction.At a low pH(e.g.pH<9),a relatively large TEL is most likely determined by the diffusion of oxidized and deprotonated luminol intermediate that is neutral and has a long lifetime.While at a high pH(e.g.pH in the range of 10 to 12),the ECL reaction is controlled by short-lived radical intermediates of both luminol and superoxide anion.The proposed mechanism is proved theoretically by finite element simulations and experimentally by the apparent effect of concentration ratio of luminol/H_(2)O_(2).
