Degradation of o-chloronitrobenzene wastewater was experimentally investigated at a three-dimensional electrode(TDE) with granular activated carbon as the particle electrode, graphite as the anode, and stainless ste...Degradation of o-chloronitrobenzene wastewater was experimentally investigated at a three-dimensional electrode(TDE) with granular activated carbon as the particle electrode, graphite as the anode, and stainless steel plate as the cathode. The kinetic model of o-chloronitrobenzene degradation was studied, and the effects of pH, electrolysis time, particle electrode, electrolyte concentration, and initial concentration of the solution on degradation efficiency were investigated to determine the optimal operating conditions. The degradation of o-chloronitrobenzene by oxidation at the TDE was monitored by chemical oxygen demand(COD) measurements, UV-Vis absorption, and high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC). COD degradation by electrochemical degradation followed pseudo-first order kinetics with respect to the concentration of o-chloronitrobenzene solutions. Optimal reaction conditions included 15 g of activated carbon as the particle electrode, 400 mg/L o-chloronitrobenzene solution containing 0.10 mol/L Na2SO4, pH=3, and 60 min of electrolysis. The UV-Vis absorption spectra and HPLC results illustrate that the benzene ring in o-chloronitrobenzene was rapidly broken down to form aliphatic substances through electrochemical degradation. COD degradation was approximately 98.5% at optimal conditions.展开更多
Three-dimensional(3D)vertical architecture transistors represent an important technological pursuit,which have distinct advantages in device integration density,operation speed,and power consumption.However,the fabric...Three-dimensional(3D)vertical architecture transistors represent an important technological pursuit,which have distinct advantages in device integration density,operation speed,and power consumption.However,the fabrication processes of such 3D devices are complex,especially in the interconnection of electrodes.In this paper,we present a novel method which combines suspended electrodes and focused ion beam(FIB)technology to greatly simplify the electrodes interconnection in 3D devices.Based on this method,we fabricate 3D vertical core-double shell structure transistors with ZnO channel and Al_(2)O_(3) gate-oxide both grown by atomic layer deposition.Suspended top electrodes of vertical architecture could be directly connected to planar electrodes by FIB deposited Pt nanowires,which avoid cumbersome steps in the traditional 3D structure fabrication technology.Both single pillar and arrays devices show well behaved transfer characteristics with an Ion/Ioff current ratio greater than 106 and a low threshold voltage around 0 V.The ON-current of the 2×2 pillars vertical channel transistor was 1.2μA at the gate voltage of 3 V and drain voltage of 2 V,which can be also improved by increasing the number of pillars.Our method for fabricating vertical architecture transistors can be promising for device applications with high integration density and low power consumption.展开更多
The direct electron transfer of hemoglobin at the PAMAM-MWNTs-AuNPs composite film modified glassy carbon electrode was studied. In a phosphate buffer solution(PBS, pH=7.0), the formal potential(E^0) of Hb was -0....The direct electron transfer of hemoglobin at the PAMAM-MWNTs-AuNPs composite film modified glassy carbon electrode was studied. In a phosphate buffer solution(PBS, pH=7.0), the formal potential(E^0) of Hb was -0.105 V versus SCE, the electron transfer rate constant was 4.66 s-1. E^0' of Hb at the modified electrode was linearly varied in a pH range of 5.0-8.0 with a slope of-49.2 mV/pH. The Hb/PAMAM-MWNTs-AuNPs/GCE gave an excellent electrocatalytic response to the reduction of hydrogen peroxide. The catalytic current increased linearly with H2O2 concentration in a range of 1.0× 10^-6 to 2.2× 10^-3 mol/L. The detection limit was 2.0× 10^-7 mol/L at a signal to noise ratio of 3. The Michaelis-Menten constant(Km^app) was 2.95 mmol/L.展开更多
A set of thermo-electrochemical (TEC) equations for the cell and half-cell reactions has been derived. Is is shown that the difference between the enthalpy change determined by TEC technology and the one calculated wi...A set of thermo-electrochemical (TEC) equations for the cell and half-cell reactions has been derived. Is is shown that the difference between the enthalpy change determined by TEC technology and the one calculated with the current thermodynamic data of ions of any half-cell reaction in electochemical systems is coastant. The absolute entrupy change of the standard hydrogen electrode reaction was determined to be 85.2 J.K-1 .mol-1 at room temperature:展开更多
The electrochemistry of di-μ-oxo-dimanganese complex was investigated. It was found that no redox peak was observed in the cyclic voltammogram (CV) of the complex at the bare gold electrode, but at thiouracil-modifie...The electrochemistry of di-μ-oxo-dimanganese complex was investigated. It was found that no redox peak was observed in the cyclic voltammogram (CV) of the complex at the bare gold electrode, but at thiouracil-modified gold electrode, a pair of redox peaks were observed showing that thiouracil can promote the proton-coupled electron transfer reaction of the complex.展开更多
It was found for the first time that the compounds with only one functional group, such as pyridine, can show the promotion effect for the electrochemical reaction of cytochrome C at gold electrodes.
The electrode process of pyrite in diethyldithiocarbamate (DDTC) solution pH 11.4 was investigated by using cyclic voltammetry, potentiost atic and chronopotentiometry. Tetraethylthioram disulphide(TETD) was electrode...The electrode process of pyrite in diethyldithiocarbamate (DDTC) solution pH 11.4 was investigated by using cyclic voltammetry, potentiost atic and chronopotentiometry. Tetraethylthioram disulphide(TETD) was electrodepo sited on pyrite electrode surface as the electrode potential is higher than 0.2 V. The relationship of the current density caused by diffusion and reaction time can be ascertained as i =1/(9.08×10 -5 +4.77×10 -3 t 0.5 ) , and the diffusion coefficient of DDTC on pyrite surface is about 3.72×10 - 6 cm 2/s. At pH 11.4, the thickness of TETD adsorbed on pyr ite surface is about 1.63 molecule layer. The electrochemical dynamics equation of the reduction of TETD on pyrite surface is given as η =0.116-0.064log[1- ( t/τ ) 0.5 ]. The kinetic parameters were determined as follows: the ex change current density ( i 0) is 3.08 μA/cm 2; the transmission coeffi cient( α ) is 0.462.展开更多
A method using three-dimensional electrode is applied to treat wastewater in oil fields, which contains polyacrylamide (PAM), for analogue. A best condition for electrolysis (I= 1.0 A, t=90 min, c=0.1%, m=980 g,φ=...A method using three-dimensional electrode is applied to treat wastewater in oil fields, which contains polyacrylamide (PAM), for analogue. A best condition for electrolysis (I= 1.0 A, t=90 min, c=0.1%, m=980 g,φ=5 mm, d=5.0 cm) has been determined, under which the COD removal efficiency reached 96.0%, COD containing in wastewater reduced to 64.3 mg/L from 1 622.9 mg/L, the figure before treatment. Three categories of PAM-containing wastewater in production practice have been treated with the COD removal ratios being 87.5%, 82.4% and 84.7% respectively. Presence of H2O2 and ·OH are detected by means of Ti(IV)-5-Br-PADAP technique and colorimetry respectively. The concentration is positively proportional to the COD removal ratio and increases in accordance with increment of time of electrolysis and current.展开更多
Poly-L-lysine(PLL) was first electrodeposited onto the surface of a glassy carbon(GC) electrode.The PLL modified electrode was used to immobilize chloroperoxidase(CPO) via 1-[(3-dimethylamino)propyl]-3-ethylcarbodiimi...Poly-L-lysine(PLL) was first electrodeposited onto the surface of a glassy carbon(GC) electrode.The PLL modified electrode was used to immobilize chloroperoxidase(CPO) via 1-[(3-dimethylamino)propyl]-3-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride(EDC).The electrochemical behaviors of immobilized CPO on PLL/GC electrode were investigated by cyclic voltammetry(CV).The CV results obtained showed that CPO was successfully immobilized on the PLL/GC electrode and a fast direct electron transfer between CPO and PLL-GC electrod...展开更多
Onedimensional porous carbons bearing high surface areas and sufficient heteroatom doped functionalities are essential for advanced electrochemical energy storage devices,especially for developing freestanding film el...Onedimensional porous carbons bearing high surface areas and sufficient heteroatom doped functionalities are essential for advanced electrochemical energy storage devices,especially for developing freestanding film electrodes.Here we develop a porous,nitrogenenriched,freestanding hollow carbon nanofiber(PNFHCF)electrode material via filtration of polypyrrole(PPy)hollow nanofibers formed by in situ selfdegraded templateassisted strategy,followed by NH3assisted carbonization.The PNFHCF retains the freestanding film morphology that is composed of threedimensional networks from the entanglement of 1D nanofiber and delivers 3.7fold increase in specific surface area(592 m^(2)g^(-1))compared to the carbon without NH_(3)treatment(FHCF).In spite of the enhanced specific surface area,PNFHCF still exhibits comparable high content of surface N functionalities(8.8%,atom fraction)to FHCF.Such developed hierarchical porous structure without sacrificing N doping functionalities together enables the achievement of high capacity,highrate property and good cycling stability when applied as selfsupporting anode in lithiumion batteries,superior to those of FHCF without NH3 treatment.展开更多
Ti/TiO2 electrodes were prepared with the polymeric precursor method (PPM). The structure and morphology of Ti/TiO2 electrodes were examined with XRD and ESEM. The voltammetric charge (q*) of Ti/TiO2 electrodes as cat...Ti/TiO2 electrodes were prepared with the polymeric precursor method (PPM). The structure and morphology of Ti/TiO2 electrodes were examined with XRD and ESEM. The voltammetric charge (q*) of Ti/TiO2 electrodes as cathode in 0.5 mol/L H2SO4 solution was investigated with cyclic voltammetry. It was found that the electrocatalytic activity of the Ti/TiO2 electrodes was affected by the structure and morphology of the Ti/TiO2 electrodes, in other words, was affected by the calcination conditions of preparing the electrodes. The value of q*ln was considerably larger than that of q*out,which means that the 'inner' active surface area was much larger than the 'outer' active surface area, and
'inner' active surface played a main role in the electrocatalytic activity of the Ti/TiO2 electrodes.展开更多
Transition metal oxide(TMO)nanoarrays are promising architecture designs for self-supporting oxygen electrodes to achieve high catalytic activities in lithium-oxygen(Li-O2)batteries.However,the poor conductive nature ...Transition metal oxide(TMO)nanoarrays are promising architecture designs for self-supporting oxygen electrodes to achieve high catalytic activities in lithium-oxygen(Li-O2)batteries.However,the poor conductive nature of TMOs and the confined growth of nanostructures on the limited surfaces of electrode substrates result in the low areal capacities of TMO nanoarray electrodes,which seriously deteriorates the intrinsically high energy densities of Li-O2 batteries.Herein,we propose a hybrid nanoarray architecture design that integrates the high electronic conductivity of carbon nanoflakes(CNFs)and the high catalytic activity of Co3 O4 nanosheets on carbon cloth(CC).Due to the synergistic effect of two differently featured components,the hybrid nanoarrays(Co3 O4-CNF@CC)achieve a high reversible capacity of3.14 mA h cm-2 that cannot be achieved by only single components.Further,CNFs grown on CC induce the three-dimensionally distributed growth of ultrafine Co3 O4 nanosheets to enable the efficient utilization of catalysts.Thus,with the high catalytic efficiency,hybrid Co3 O4-CNF@CC also achieves a more prolonged cycling life than pristine TMO nanoarrays.The present work provides a new strategy for improving the performance of nanoarray oxygen electrodes via the hybrid architecture design that integrates the intrinsic properties of each component and induces the three-dimensional distribution of catalysts.展开更多
This paper presents different views on electrode modelling, which include electrode electrochemistry models for modelling the effects of electrode-electrolyte interface, electric field electrode models for modelling e...This paper presents different views on electrode modelling, which include electrode electrochemistry models for modelling the effects of electrode-electrolyte interface, electric field electrode models for modelling electrode geometry, and electrode models for modelling the effects of electrode common mode voltage and double layer capacitance. Taking the full electrode models into consideration in electrical impedance tomography (EIT) will greatly help the optimised approach to a good solution and further understanding of the measurement principle.展开更多
A new inorganic-organic hybrid tetravanadate [Co(2,2'-bpy)312VaO12·11H2O(1) has been prepared and characterized. X-Ray diffraction study reveals that compound 1 contains classical cluster anions [V4O12]4-, c...A new inorganic-organic hybrid tetravanadate [Co(2,2'-bpy)312VaO12·11H2O(1) has been prepared and characterized. X-Ray diffraction study reveals that compound 1 contains classical cluster anions [V4O12]4-, coordinated cations [Co(2,2'-bpy)3]2+ and eleven water molecules, in which an interesting decamer water cluster is formed. The hybrid nanoparticles were firstly used as a bulk-modifier to fabricate a chemically modified paste electrode (I-CPE). The electrochemical behavior and electrocatalysis of 1-CPE have been studied in detail. The results indicate that 1-CPE has a good electrocatalytic activity toward the reduction of bromate in a 0.5 mol/L H2SO4 aqueous solution. 1-CPE shows remarkable stability that be ascribed to the hydrogen bonding interactions between V4O12 cluster and water cluster, which are very important for practical application in electrode modification.展开更多
Au-Pt/SnO2/GC composite electrode was prepared by self-assembling Au-Pt nanoparticles on SnO2 film, which was deposited on actived glassy carbon (GC). Atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning electron microscopy...Au-Pt/SnO2/GC composite electrode was prepared by self-assembling Au-Pt nanoparticles on SnO2 film, which was deposited on actived glassy carbon (GC). Atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images revealed that dense and uniform Au-Pt particles with 25-nm diameter were dispersed on SnO2 film. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) results proved that there was an interaction between Au-Pt nanoparticles and SnO2 support. Electrochemical experiments showed that Au-Pt/SnOz/GC composite electrode had a good electrocatalytic activity to the oxidation of methanol展开更多
A new inorganic-organic hybrid compound based on polyoxometalate and organic ligand formulated as (H2bpp)3[SiWlIO39Co]-2H20(1)[bpp=l,3-bis(4-pyridyl)propane] was hydrothermally synthesized and structurally chara...A new inorganic-organic hybrid compound based on polyoxometalate and organic ligand formulated as (H2bpp)3[SiWlIO39Co]-2H20(1)[bpp=l,3-bis(4-pyridyl)propane] was hydrothermally synthesized and structurally characterized by elemental analysis, single-crystal X-ray diffraction, IR, TG, and cyclic voltammetry. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis reveals that compound 1 consists of interesting cobalt-monosubstituted POMs one dimensional chain together with protonated bpp ligands. Additionally, the polyoxoanions combined with the discrete organic substrates by hydrogen bond interactions to afford a supramolecular 3D network structure. The hybrid compound 1 was used as a bulk modifier to fabricate a three-dimensional chemically modified carbon paste electrode(1-CPE) by direct mixing. The electrochemical behavior and electrocatalysis of 1-CPE were studied in detail. The results indicate that 1-CPE has good electrocatalytic activities toward the reduction of nitrite or bromate in 1 mol/L 1-12SO4 aqueous solution. 1-CPE shows remarkable stability that can be ascribed to the insolubility of compound 1 and the supramolecular interactions existed between 1D POM anion chains and organic ligand bpp, which is very important for practical applications in electrode modification.展开更多
The electrode process of galena in diethyldithiocarbamate (DDTC) solution at pH 11.4 has been investigated using cyclic voltammetry, potentiostatic and chronopotentiometry. Electrodeposit of PbD 2 on galena electrode ...The electrode process of galena in diethyldithiocarbamate (DDTC) solution at pH 11.4 has been investigated using cyclic voltammetry, potentiostatic and chronopotentiometry. Electrodeposit of PbD 2 on galena electrode surface can occur while the electrode potential is higher than -0.05?V. The relationship between the current density caused by diffusion and reaction time has been ascertained, and the diffusion coefficient of DDTC on galena surface in DDTC solution is about 1.12×10 -6 cm 2/s. A passive PbD 2 film covers the surface of galena electrode.展开更多
As the low-cost commercial product, writing inks(pen ink and Chinese ink) have attracted great attention to fabricate electrochemical electrodes for supercapacitors(SCs) and batteries. Due to the conductive nature der...As the low-cost commercial product, writing inks(pen ink and Chinese ink) have attracted great attention to fabricate electrochemical electrodes for supercapacitors(SCs) and batteries. Due to the conductive nature deriving from graphitic carbon nanoparticles in ink and strong adhesion, ink can be easily coated onto support to enhance the conductivity, form a porous layer facilitating electrolyte ion diffusion, increase the specific surface area and function as binder and dispersant for other active materials. In this review,the beneficial features of pen ink and Chinese ink are summarized and how these features favor the electrochemical performance is discussed in details. And then, ways to coat ink onto support are described,giving a clear understanding of recent process in this area. Finally, the current challenges and outlook of ink-based electrode are discussed, aiming to offer some basic knowledge and promote wide application and future study of pen ink and Chinese ink in electrochemistry.展开更多
The electrochemical behaviors of lomefloxacin at a single-wall carbon nanotube-modified glassy carbon electrode have been investigated by cyclic voltammetry.In a Britton-Robinson buffer (pH 4.5),lomefloxacin yields a ...The electrochemical behaviors of lomefloxacin at a single-wall carbon nanotube-modified glassy carbon electrode have been investigated by cyclic voltammetry.In a Britton-Robinson buffer (pH 4.5),lomefloxacin yields a sensitive and well-defined oxidation peak at ca.1.24 V (vs.SCE) on the modified electrode.Compared with the bare glassy carbon electrode,the oxidation peak current of lomefloxacin significantly increases and the oxidation peak potential positively shifts.Under the optimal conditions,the interaction of lomefloxacin with bovine serum albumin is also investigated.The results indicate that an electrochemically inactive supramolecular complex is formed and the formation of complex between lomefloxacin and bovine serum albumin is an intercalation mechanism.The proposed methods offer a reference for the studies on the biological effects and action mechanism of lomefloxacin with albumins in vivo.展开更多
A silver microelectrode with a diameter of 30μm in an aqueous K_(2)SO_(4) electrolyte was irradiated with 55 fs and 213 fs laser pulses.This caused the emission of electrons which transiently charged the electrochemi...A silver microelectrode with a diameter of 30μm in an aqueous K_(2)SO_(4) electrolyte was irradiated with 55 fs and 213 fs laser pulses.This caused the emission of electrons which transiently charged the electrochemical double layer.The two applied pulse durations were significantly shorter than the electron-phonon relaxation time.The laser pulse durations had negligible impact on the emitted charge,which is incompatible with multiphoton emission.On the other hand,the ob-served dependence of emitted charge on laser fluence and electrode potential supports the thermionic emission mechanism.展开更多
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.50602003, 50502004)the Beijing Science & Technology Star Plans, China(No.2007B020)
文摘Degradation of o-chloronitrobenzene wastewater was experimentally investigated at a three-dimensional electrode(TDE) with granular activated carbon as the particle electrode, graphite as the anode, and stainless steel plate as the cathode. The kinetic model of o-chloronitrobenzene degradation was studied, and the effects of pH, electrolysis time, particle electrode, electrolyte concentration, and initial concentration of the solution on degradation efficiency were investigated to determine the optimal operating conditions. The degradation of o-chloronitrobenzene by oxidation at the TDE was monitored by chemical oxygen demand(COD) measurements, UV-Vis absorption, and high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC). COD degradation by electrochemical degradation followed pseudo-first order kinetics with respect to the concentration of o-chloronitrobenzene solutions. Optimal reaction conditions included 15 g of activated carbon as the particle electrode, 400 mg/L o-chloronitrobenzene solution containing 0.10 mol/L Na2SO4, pH=3, and 60 min of electrolysis. The UV-Vis absorption spectra and HPLC results illustrate that the benzene ring in o-chloronitrobenzene was rapidly broken down to form aliphatic substances through electrochemical degradation. COD degradation was approximately 98.5% at optimal conditions.
基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant Nos.2016YFA0200400 and 2016YFA0200800)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.61888102,12074420,and 11674387)+1 种基金Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.XDB33000000)Key Research Program of Frontier Sciences,Chinese Acdemy of Sciences(Grant No.QYZDJ-SSWSLH042).
文摘Three-dimensional(3D)vertical architecture transistors represent an important technological pursuit,which have distinct advantages in device integration density,operation speed,and power consumption.However,the fabrication processes of such 3D devices are complex,especially in the interconnection of electrodes.In this paper,we present a novel method which combines suspended electrodes and focused ion beam(FIB)technology to greatly simplify the electrodes interconnection in 3D devices.Based on this method,we fabricate 3D vertical core-double shell structure transistors with ZnO channel and Al_(2)O_(3) gate-oxide both grown by atomic layer deposition.Suspended top electrodes of vertical architecture could be directly connected to planar electrodes by FIB deposited Pt nanowires,which avoid cumbersome steps in the traditional 3D structure fabrication technology.Both single pillar and arrays devices show well behaved transfer characteristics with an Ion/Ioff current ratio greater than 106 and a low threshold voltage around 0 V.The ON-current of the 2×2 pillars vertical channel transistor was 1.2μA at the gate voltage of 3 V and drain voltage of 2 V,which can be also improved by increasing the number of pillars.Our method for fabricating vertical architecture transistors can be promising for device applications with high integration density and low power consumption.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.20605009)
文摘The direct electron transfer of hemoglobin at the PAMAM-MWNTs-AuNPs composite film modified glassy carbon electrode was studied. In a phosphate buffer solution(PBS, pH=7.0), the formal potential(E^0) of Hb was -0.105 V versus SCE, the electron transfer rate constant was 4.66 s-1. E^0' of Hb at the modified electrode was linearly varied in a pH range of 5.0-8.0 with a slope of-49.2 mV/pH. The Hb/PAMAM-MWNTs-AuNPs/GCE gave an excellent electrocatalytic response to the reduction of hydrogen peroxide. The catalytic current increased linearly with H2O2 concentration in a range of 1.0× 10^-6 to 2.2× 10^-3 mol/L. The detection limit was 2.0× 10^-7 mol/L at a signal to noise ratio of 3. The Michaelis-Menten constant(Km^app) was 2.95 mmol/L.
文摘A set of thermo-electrochemical (TEC) equations for the cell and half-cell reactions has been derived. Is is shown that the difference between the enthalpy change determined by TEC technology and the one calculated with the current thermodynamic data of ions of any half-cell reaction in electochemical systems is coastant. The absolute entrupy change of the standard hydrogen electrode reaction was determined to be 85.2 J.K-1 .mol-1 at room temperature:
文摘The electrochemistry of di-μ-oxo-dimanganese complex was investigated. It was found that no redox peak was observed in the cyclic voltammogram (CV) of the complex at the bare gold electrode, but at thiouracil-modified gold electrode, a pair of redox peaks were observed showing that thiouracil can promote the proton-coupled electron transfer reaction of the complex.
基金The project is supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘It was found for the first time that the compounds with only one functional group, such as pyridine, can show the promotion effect for the electrochemical reaction of cytochrome C at gold electrodes.
文摘The electrode process of pyrite in diethyldithiocarbamate (DDTC) solution pH 11.4 was investigated by using cyclic voltammetry, potentiost atic and chronopotentiometry. Tetraethylthioram disulphide(TETD) was electrodepo sited on pyrite electrode surface as the electrode potential is higher than 0.2 V. The relationship of the current density caused by diffusion and reaction time can be ascertained as i =1/(9.08×10 -5 +4.77×10 -3 t 0.5 ) , and the diffusion coefficient of DDTC on pyrite surface is about 3.72×10 - 6 cm 2/s. At pH 11.4, the thickness of TETD adsorbed on pyr ite surface is about 1.63 molecule layer. The electrochemical dynamics equation of the reduction of TETD on pyrite surface is given as η =0.116-0.064log[1- ( t/τ ) 0.5 ]. The kinetic parameters were determined as follows: the ex change current density ( i 0) is 3.08 μA/cm 2; the transmission coeffi cient( α ) is 0.462.
基金Supported by the National High-Technology Research and Development Program(2003AA602140-2)the Important Scientific Re-search Project of Hubei Provincial Department of Education, China (2004D001)
文摘A method using three-dimensional electrode is applied to treat wastewater in oil fields, which contains polyacrylamide (PAM), for analogue. A best condition for electrolysis (I= 1.0 A, t=90 min, c=0.1%, m=980 g,φ=5 mm, d=5.0 cm) has been determined, under which the COD removal efficiency reached 96.0%, COD containing in wastewater reduced to 64.3 mg/L from 1 622.9 mg/L, the figure before treatment. Three categories of PAM-containing wastewater in production practice have been treated with the COD removal ratios being 87.5%, 82.4% and 84.7% respectively. Presence of H2O2 and ·OH are detected by means of Ti(IV)-5-Br-PADAP technique and colorimetry respectively. The concentration is positively proportional to the COD removal ratio and increases in accordance with increment of time of electrolysis and current.
基金supported by grant from National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.20775049).
文摘Poly-L-lysine(PLL) was first electrodeposited onto the surface of a glassy carbon(GC) electrode.The PLL modified electrode was used to immobilize chloroperoxidase(CPO) via 1-[(3-dimethylamino)propyl]-3-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride(EDC).The electrochemical behaviors of immobilized CPO on PLL/GC electrode were investigated by cyclic voltammetry(CV).The CV results obtained showed that CPO was successfully immobilized on the PLL/GC electrode and a fast direct electron transfer between CPO and PLL-GC electrod...
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51972270,51702262,51911530212,51872240,51672225,61805201)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2018T111093,2018M643732,2018BSHYDZZ57)+3 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province(2020JZ-07)the Key Research and Development Program of Shaanxi Province(2019TSLGY07-03)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(3102019JC005 and 3102019ghxm004)the Research Fund of the State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing(NPU),China(2019-QZ-03).
文摘Onedimensional porous carbons bearing high surface areas and sufficient heteroatom doped functionalities are essential for advanced electrochemical energy storage devices,especially for developing freestanding film electrodes.Here we develop a porous,nitrogenenriched,freestanding hollow carbon nanofiber(PNFHCF)electrode material via filtration of polypyrrole(PPy)hollow nanofibers formed by in situ selfdegraded templateassisted strategy,followed by NH3assisted carbonization.The PNFHCF retains the freestanding film morphology that is composed of threedimensional networks from the entanglement of 1D nanofiber and delivers 3.7fold increase in specific surface area(592 m^(2)g^(-1))compared to the carbon without NH_(3)treatment(FHCF).In spite of the enhanced specific surface area,PNFHCF still exhibits comparable high content of surface N functionalities(8.8%,atom fraction)to FHCF.Such developed hierarchical porous structure without sacrificing N doping functionalities together enables the achievement of high capacity,highrate property and good cycling stability when applied as selfsupporting anode in lithiumion batteries,superior to those of FHCF without NH3 treatment.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.20176047)Supported by the Natural Science Foundation of the Education Department of Jiangsu Province (No.03KJB530164)
文摘Ti/TiO2 electrodes were prepared with the polymeric precursor method (PPM). The structure and morphology of Ti/TiO2 electrodes were examined with XRD and ESEM. The voltammetric charge (q*) of Ti/TiO2 electrodes as cathode in 0.5 mol/L H2SO4 solution was investigated with cyclic voltammetry. It was found that the electrocatalytic activity of the Ti/TiO2 electrodes was affected by the structure and morphology of the Ti/TiO2 electrodes, in other words, was affected by the calcination conditions of preparing the electrodes. The value of q*ln was considerably larger than that of q*out,which means that the 'inner' active surface area was much larger than the 'outer' active surface area, and
'inner' active surface played a main role in the electrocatalytic activity of the Ti/TiO2 electrodes.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.21673169,51672205,51972257)the National Key Research Program of China(No.2016YFA0202602)+1 种基金the Research Start-Up Fund from Wuhan University of Technologythe Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(WUT:No.2019IB003)。
文摘Transition metal oxide(TMO)nanoarrays are promising architecture designs for self-supporting oxygen electrodes to achieve high catalytic activities in lithium-oxygen(Li-O2)batteries.However,the poor conductive nature of TMOs and the confined growth of nanostructures on the limited surfaces of electrode substrates result in the low areal capacities of TMO nanoarray electrodes,which seriously deteriorates the intrinsically high energy densities of Li-O2 batteries.Herein,we propose a hybrid nanoarray architecture design that integrates the high electronic conductivity of carbon nanoflakes(CNFs)and the high catalytic activity of Co3 O4 nanosheets on carbon cloth(CC).Due to the synergistic effect of two differently featured components,the hybrid nanoarrays(Co3 O4-CNF@CC)achieve a high reversible capacity of3.14 mA h cm-2 that cannot be achieved by only single components.Further,CNFs grown on CC induce the three-dimensionally distributed growth of ultrafine Co3 O4 nanosheets to enable the efficient utilization of catalysts.Thus,with the high catalytic efficiency,hybrid Co3 O4-CNF@CC also achieves a more prolonged cycling life than pristine TMO nanoarrays.The present work provides a new strategy for improving the performance of nanoarray oxygen electrodes via the hybrid architecture design that integrates the intrinsic properties of each component and induces the three-dimensional distribution of catalysts.
文摘This paper presents different views on electrode modelling, which include electrode electrochemistry models for modelling the effects of electrode-electrolyte interface, electric field electrode models for modelling electrode geometry, and electrode models for modelling the effects of electrode common mode voltage and double layer capacitance. Taking the full electrode models into consideration in electrical impedance tomography (EIT) will greatly help the optimised approach to a good solution and further understanding of the measurement principle.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No20827004)the Fund of Department of Science and Technology of Jilin Province, China(No20080518)
文摘A new inorganic-organic hybrid tetravanadate [Co(2,2'-bpy)312VaO12·11H2O(1) has been prepared and characterized. X-Ray diffraction study reveals that compound 1 contains classical cluster anions [V4O12]4-, coordinated cations [Co(2,2'-bpy)3]2+ and eleven water molecules, in which an interesting decamer water cluster is formed. The hybrid nanoparticles were firstly used as a bulk-modifier to fabricate a chemically modified paste electrode (I-CPE). The electrochemical behavior and electrocatalysis of 1-CPE have been studied in detail. The results indicate that 1-CPE has a good electrocatalytic activity toward the reduction of bromate in a 0.5 mol/L H2SO4 aqueous solution. 1-CPE shows remarkable stability that be ascribed to the hydrogen bonding interactions between V4O12 cluster and water cluster, which are very important for practical application in electrode modification.
基金supported by the High-Tech Research and Development Program of China (No. 2007AA03Z219)the Funding Project for Academic Human Resources Development in Institutions of Higher Learning under the Jurisdiction of Beijing Municipality, and the Beijing Natural Science Foundation (No. 207001)
文摘Au-Pt/SnO2/GC composite electrode was prepared by self-assembling Au-Pt nanoparticles on SnO2 film, which was deposited on actived glassy carbon (GC). Atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images revealed that dense and uniform Au-Pt particles with 25-nm diameter were dispersed on SnO2 film. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) results proved that there was an interaction between Au-Pt nanoparticles and SnO2 support. Electrochemical experiments showed that Au-Pt/SnOz/GC composite electrode had a good electrocatalytic activity to the oxidation of methanol
基金Supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province, China(No20061073)Education Committee Foun-dation of Liaoning Province, China(No2006031)
文摘A new inorganic-organic hybrid compound based on polyoxometalate and organic ligand formulated as (H2bpp)3[SiWlIO39Co]-2H20(1)[bpp=l,3-bis(4-pyridyl)propane] was hydrothermally synthesized and structurally characterized by elemental analysis, single-crystal X-ray diffraction, IR, TG, and cyclic voltammetry. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis reveals that compound 1 consists of interesting cobalt-monosubstituted POMs one dimensional chain together with protonated bpp ligands. Additionally, the polyoxoanions combined with the discrete organic substrates by hydrogen bond interactions to afford a supramolecular 3D network structure. The hybrid compound 1 was used as a bulk modifier to fabricate a three-dimensional chemically modified carbon paste electrode(1-CPE) by direct mixing. The electrochemical behavior and electrocatalysis of 1-CPE were studied in detail. The results indicate that 1-CPE has good electrocatalytic activities toward the reduction of nitrite or bromate in 1 mol/L 1-12SO4 aqueous solution. 1-CPE shows remarkable stability that can be ascribed to the insolubility of compound 1 and the supramolecular interactions existed between 1D POM anion chains and organic ligand bpp, which is very important for practical applications in electrode modification.
文摘The electrode process of galena in diethyldithiocarbamate (DDTC) solution at pH 11.4 has been investigated using cyclic voltammetry, potentiostatic and chronopotentiometry. Electrodeposit of PbD 2 on galena electrode surface can occur while the electrode potential is higher than -0.05?V. The relationship between the current density caused by diffusion and reaction time has been ascertained, and the diffusion coefficient of DDTC on galena surface in DDTC solution is about 1.12×10 -6 cm 2/s. A passive PbD 2 film covers the surface of galena electrode.
基金financial support of the Youth Fund of Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (BK20170919)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (21808112)the Scientific Research Foundation for Returned Scholars from Nanjing Forestry University (GXL2018014)。
文摘As the low-cost commercial product, writing inks(pen ink and Chinese ink) have attracted great attention to fabricate electrochemical electrodes for supercapacitors(SCs) and batteries. Due to the conductive nature deriving from graphitic carbon nanoparticles in ink and strong adhesion, ink can be easily coated onto support to enhance the conductivity, form a porous layer facilitating electrolyte ion diffusion, increase the specific surface area and function as binder and dispersant for other active materials. In this review,the beneficial features of pen ink and Chinese ink are summarized and how these features favor the electrochemical performance is discussed in details. And then, ways to coat ink onto support are described,giving a clear understanding of recent process in this area. Finally, the current challenges and outlook of ink-based electrode are discussed, aiming to offer some basic knowledge and promote wide application and future study of pen ink and Chinese ink in electrochemistry.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 20775047)the Natural Science Foundation of Henan Province (No. 0511022300)
文摘The electrochemical behaviors of lomefloxacin at a single-wall carbon nanotube-modified glassy carbon electrode have been investigated by cyclic voltammetry.In a Britton-Robinson buffer (pH 4.5),lomefloxacin yields a sensitive and well-defined oxidation peak at ca.1.24 V (vs.SCE) on the modified electrode.Compared with the bare glassy carbon electrode,the oxidation peak current of lomefloxacin significantly increases and the oxidation peak potential positively shifts.Under the optimal conditions,the interaction of lomefloxacin with bovine serum albumin is also investigated.The results indicate that an electrochemically inactive supramolecular complex is formed and the formation of complex between lomefloxacin and bovine serum albumin is an intercalation mechanism.The proposed methods offer a reference for the studies on the biological effects and action mechanism of lomefloxacin with albumins in vivo.
文摘A silver microelectrode with a diameter of 30μm in an aqueous K_(2)SO_(4) electrolyte was irradiated with 55 fs and 213 fs laser pulses.This caused the emission of electrons which transiently charged the electrochemical double layer.The two applied pulse durations were significantly shorter than the electron-phonon relaxation time.The laser pulse durations had negligible impact on the emitted charge,which is incompatible with multiphoton emission.On the other hand,the ob-served dependence of emitted charge on laser fluence and electrode potential supports the thermionic emission mechanism.