The Impact of Electrode Configuration on Characteristics of Vacuum Discharge Plasma

Generation characteristics of vacuum discharge plasma are very important for the applied research of metal plasma. The vacuum discharge electrode configuration and the cathode material affect the generation characteristics of the metal plasma which consists of metal ions coming from cathode and generated by vacuum discharge. In this research, the generation characteristics of the metal plasma generated by vacuum discharge are discussed for four patterns of electrode configurations, i.e. cone-mesh electrode setup, cone-cross line electrode setup, cone-line electrode setup and cone-ring electrode setup. Characteristics of the metal plasma, such as elec- tron density, electron temperature, space potential, ion energy, are measured by the probe method for discussing the impacts of different electrode configurations on the density of generated metal plasma. Moreover, the diffusion velocities of the metal plasma are measured for cathode materials of Pb, Al, and Cu, respectively. The experimental results indicate that the plasma generated by the discharge of cone-ring electrode configuration possesses the maximum density and the metal plasma generated by the Al cathode possesses the fastest diffusion velocity and the highest kinetic energy.

Dynamic characteristics of multi-arc thermal plasma in four types of electrode configurations

The enhanced volume of thermal plasma is produced by a multi-arc thermal plasma generator with three pairs of discharge electrodes driven by three directed current power suppliers.Combined with a high-speed camera and an oscilloscope,which acquire optical and electric signals synchronously,the dynamic behavior of different kinds of multi-arc discharge adjusted by the electrode arrangement is investigated.Also,the spatial distributions and instability of the arc discharge are analyzed in four electrode configurations using the gray value statistical method.It is found that the cathodic arcs mainly show a contracting state,while the anodic arcs have a trend of transition from shrinkage to a diffusion-like state with the increase of the discharge current.As a result of the adjustment of the electrode configuration,a high temperature region formed in the center of the discharge region in configurations of adjacent electrodes with opposite flow distribution and opposite electrodes with swirl flow distribution due to severe fluctuation of arcs.The discharge voltage rises with increased discharge current in this novel multi-arc plasma generator.It is also found that anode ablation mainly occurs on the conical surface at the copper electrode tip,while cathode erosion mainly occurs on the surface of the inserted tungsten and the nearby copper.

Macroscopic cell experiments and three-dimensional modelling on electrode-shaping plasma display cell

A macroscopic cell and three-dimensional fluid model have been used to investigate the discharge characteristics in ac plasma display panel cells of electrode-shaping configurations. Four kinds of non-standaxd geometries （i.e. D-, △-, W- and U-shape electrodes） have been considered. The characteristics of the discharge current, the operating voltage and the discharge efficiency of different configurations have been discussed. It is found that the discharge efficiency can be improved by about 10%-30% compared with the standard geometry, while the operating voltage increases slightly in the non-standard geometries. There is a trade-off between improving the discharge efficiency and lowering the sustaining voltage in design of plasma display cells by electrode shaping.

Vanadium-based polyanionic compounds as cathode materials for sodium-ion batteries:Toward high-energy and high-power applications

Sodium ion batteries(SIBs)have been regarded as one of the alternatives to lithium ion batteries owing to their wide availability and significantly low cost of sodium sources.However,they face serious challenges of low energy&power density and short cycling lifespan owing to the heavy mass and large radius of Na^(+).Vanadium-based polyanionic compounds have advantageous characteristic of high operating voltage,high ionic conductivity and robust structural framework,which is conducive to their high energy&power density and long lifespan for SIBs.In this review,we will overview the latest V-based polyanionic compounds,along with the respective characteristic from the intrinsic crystal structure to performance presentation and improvement for SIBs.One of the most important aspect is to discover the essential problems existed in the present V-based polyanionic compounds for high-energy&power applications,and point out most suitable solutions from the crystal structure modulation,interface tailoring and electrode configuration design.Moreover,some scientific issues of V-based polyanionic compounds shall be also proposed and related future direction shall be provided.We believe that this review can serve as a motivation for further development of novel V-based polyanionic compounds and drive them toward high energy&power applications in the near future.

From bibliometric analysis: 3D printing design strategies and battery applications with a focus on zinc‐ion batteries

Three‐dimensional(3D)printing has the potential to revolutionize the way energy storage devices are designed and manufactured.In this paper,we explore the use of 3D printing in the design and production of energy storage devices,especially zinc‐ion batteries(ZIBs)and examine its potential advantages over traditional manufacturing methods.3D printing could significantly improve the customization of ZIBs,making it a promising strategy for the future of energy storage.In particular,3D printing allows for the creation of complex,customized geometries,and designs that can optimize the energy density,power density,and overall performance of batteries.Simultaneously,we discuss and compare the impact of 3D printing design strategies based on different configurations of film,interdigitation,and framework on energy storage devices with a focus on ZIBs.Additionally,3D printing enables the rapid prototyping and production of batteries,reducing leading times and costs compared with traditional manufacturing methods.However,there are also challenges and limitations to consider,such as the need for further development of suitable 3D printing materials and processes for energy storage applications.

Anodic bonding using a hybrid electrode with a two-step bonding process

A two-step bonding process using a novel hybrid electrode is presented.The effects of different electrodes on bonding time,bond strength and the bonded interface are analyzed.The anodic bonding is studied using a domestic bonding system,which carries out a detailed analysis of the integrity of the bonded interface and the bond strength measurement.With the aid of the hybrid electrode,a bubble-free anodic bonding process could be accomplished within 15-20 min,with a shear strength in excess of 10 MPa.These results show that the proposed method has a high degree of application value,including in most wafer-level MEMS packaging.