The electrochemical CO_(2)reduction reaction(CO_(2)RR),driven by renewable energy,provides a potential carbon-neutral avenue to convert CO_(2)into valuable fuels and feedstocks.Conversion of CO_(2)into formic acid/for...The electrochemical CO_(2)reduction reaction(CO_(2)RR),driven by renewable energy,provides a potential carbon-neutral avenue to convert CO_(2)into valuable fuels and feedstocks.Conversion of CO_(2)into formic acid/formate is considered one of the economical and feasible methods,owing to their high energy densities,and ease of distribution and storage.The separation of formic acid/formate from the reaction mixtures accounts for the majority of the overall CO_(2)RR process cost,while the increment of product concentration can lead to the reduction of separation cost,remarkably.In this paper,we give an overview of recent strategies for highly concentrated formic acid/formate products in CO_(2)RR.CO_(2)RR is a complex process with several different products,as it has different intermediates and reaction pathways.Therefore,this review focuses on recent study strategies that can enhance targeted formic acid/formate yield,such as the all-solid-state reactor design to deliver a high concentration of products during the reduction of CO_(2)in the electrolyzer.Firstly,some novel electrolyzers are introduced as an engineering strategy to improve the concentration of the formic acid/formate and reduce the cost of downstream separations.Also,the design of planar and gas diffusion electrodes(GDEs)with the potential to deliver high-concentration formic acid/formate in CO_(2)RR is summarized.Finally,the existing technological challenges are highlighted,and further research recommendations to achieve high-concentration products in CO_(2)RR.This review can provide some inspiration for future research to further improve the product concentration and economic benefits of CO_(2)RR.展开更多
Numerical simulations of electrostatic precipitators featuring wire and spiked electrode designs were performed to determine particle behavior and separation efficiency. The applied-voltage mechanism that alters the f...Numerical simulations of electrostatic precipitators featuring wire and spiked electrode designs were performed to determine particle behavior and separation efficiency. The applied-voltage mechanism that alters the flow structure of particles through ionic winds and mean electric fields are revealed. Numeri- cal studies throughout the past years have shown these structures for channel and pipe configurations. However, less attention was given to field averaging for the ni,~r-product and electric field. Our study focuses on this averaging and illustrates relevant differences between multidimensional setups concern- ~ng these fields. Turbulence was modeled using the Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations with a second-order Reynolds-stress-model closure. A high three-dimensionality of the ionic wind-induced turbulence is presented. This leads to an increase in the submicron-particle precipitation rate. The results confirm the dependence of separation efficiency on particle density and permittivity, thereby showing the advantages of spiked wires compared with wire-plate setups used in electrostatic precipitators.展开更多
The coating on the electrodes contains many kinds of raw materials which affect significantly on the mechanical properties of deposited metals. It is still a problem how to predict and control the mechanical propertie...The coating on the electrodes contains many kinds of raw materials which affect significantly on the mechanical properties of deposited metals. It is still a problem how to predict and control the mechanical properties of deposited metals directly according to the components of coating on the electrodes. In this paper an electrode intelligent design system is developed by means of fuzzy neural network technology and genetic algorithm,, dynamic link library, object linking and embedding and multithreading. The front-end application and customer interface of the system is realized by using visual C ++ program language and taking SQL Server 2000 as background database. It realizes series functions including automatic design of electrode formula, intelligent prediction of electrode properties, inquiry of electrode information, output of process report based on normalized template and electronic storage and search of relative files.展开更多
This review addresses the growing interest for potassium-ion full-cells(KIFCs)in view of the transition from potassium-ion half-cells(KIHCs)toward commercial K-ion batteries(KIBs).It focuses on the key parameters of K...This review addresses the growing interest for potassium-ion full-cells(KIFCs)in view of the transition from potassium-ion half-cells(KIHCs)toward commercial K-ion batteries(KIBs).It focuses on the key parameters of KIFCs such as the electrode/electrolyte interfaces challenge,major barriers,and recent advancements in KIFCs.The strategies for enhancing KIFC performance,including interfaces co ntrol,electrolyte optimization,electrodes capacity ratio,electrode material screening and electrode design,are discussed.The review highlights the need to evaluate KIBs in full-cell configurations as half-cell results are strongly impacted by the K metal reactivity.It also emphasizes the importance of understanding solid electrolyte interphase(SEI)formation in KIFCs and explores promising nonaqueous as well as quasiand all-solid-state electrolytes options.This review thus paves the way for practical,cost-effective,and scalable KIBs as energy storage systems by offering insights and guidance for future research.展开更多
Adopting a nano-and micro-structuring approach to fully unleashing the genuine potential of electrode active material benefits in-depth understandings and research progress toward higher energy density electrochemical...Adopting a nano-and micro-structuring approach to fully unleashing the genuine potential of electrode active material benefits in-depth understandings and research progress toward higher energy density electrochemical energy stor-age devices at all technology readiness levels.Due to various challenging issues,especially limited stability,nano-and micro-structured(NMS)electrodes undergo fast electrochemical performance degradation.The emerging NMS scaffold design is a pivotal aspect of many electrodes as it endows them with both robustness and electrochemical performance enhancement,even though it only occupies comple-mentary and facilitating components for the main mechanism.However,extensive efforts are urgently needed toward optimizing the stereoscopic geometrical design of NMS scaffolds to minimize the volume ratio and maximize their functionality to fulfill the ever-increasing dependency and desire for energy power source supplies.This review will aim at highlighting these NMS scaffold design strategies,summariz-ing their corresponding strengths and challenges,and thereby outlining the potential solutions to resolve these challenges,design principles,and key perspectives for future research in this field.Therefore,this review will be one of the earliest reviews from this viewpoint.展开更多
Based on the method of artificial neural network, a new approach has been devised to predict the mechanical property of E4303 electrode. The outlined predication model for determining the mechanical property of electr...Based on the method of artificial neural network, a new approach has been devised to predict the mechanical property of E4303 electrode. The outlined predication model for determining the mechanical property of electrode was built upon the production data. The research leverages a back propagation algorithm as the neural network’s learning rule. The result indicates that there are positive correlations between the predicted results and the practical production data. Hence, using the neural network, predication of electrode property can be realized. For the first time, this research provides a more scientific method for designing electrode.展开更多
Layered double hydroxides(LDHs), as a class of typical two-dimensional materials, have sparked increasing interest in the field of energy storage and conversion. In the last few years, the research about LDHs as elect...Layered double hydroxides(LDHs), as a class of typical two-dimensional materials, have sparked increasing interest in the field of energy storage and conversion. In the last few years, the research about LDHs as electrode active materials has seen much progress in terms of structure designing, material synthesis, properties tailoring, and applications. In this review, we focus on the integrated nanostructural electrodes(INEs) construction using LDH materials, including pristine LDH-INEs, hybrid LDH-INEs, and LDH derivativeINEs, as well as the performance advantages and applications of LDH-INEs.Moreover, in the final section, the insights about challenges and prospective in this promising research field were concluded, especially in regulation of intrinsic activity and uncovering of structure–activity relationship, which would push forward the development of this fast-growing field.展开更多
Sodium-ion capacitors(SICs)are extremely promising due to the combined merits of high energy-power characteristics and considerable price advantage.However,it is still difficult to achieve high energypower outputs and...Sodium-ion capacitors(SICs)are extremely promising due to the combined merits of high energy-power characteristics and considerable price advantage.However,it is still difficult to achieve high energypower outputs and cycle stability in a typical configuration of the metal-based battery-type anode and activated carbon capacitor-type cathode due to the kinetic mismatching.In this work,a carbon nanosheet(PSCS-600)with large interlayer spacing of 0.41 nm derived from the bio-waste pine cone shell was prepared.Besides,the covalent triazine framework derived carbon(OPDN-CTF-A)was obtained through ionothermal synthesis strategy,exhibiting beneficial hierarchical pores(0.5-6 nm)and high heteroatoms(5.6 at%N,6.6 at%O).On this basis,the all-carbon SICs were fabricated by the integration of PSCS-600 anode and OPDN-CTF-A cathode.The device delivered high energy density 111 Wh kg^(-1),high power output of 14,200 W kg^(-1) and ultra-stable cycling life(~90.7%capacitance retention after 10,000 cycles).This work provides new ideas in fabricating carbon-carbon architectural SICs with high energy storage for practical application.展开更多
The sensitivities of betavoltaic batteries and photovoltaic batteries to series and parallel resistance are studied.Based on the study,an electrode pattern design principle of GaAs betavoltaic batteries is proposed.Ga...The sensitivities of betavoltaic batteries and photovoltaic batteries to series and parallel resistance are studied.Based on the study,an electrode pattern design principle of GaAs betavoltaic batteries is proposed.GaAs PIN junctions with and without the proposed electrode pattern are fabricated and measured under the illumination of ^(63)Ni.Results show that the proposed electrode can reduce the backscattering and shadowing for the beta particles from ^(63)Ni to increase the GaAs betavoltaic battery short circuit currents effectively but has little impact on the fill factors and ideal factors.展开更多
Sodium ion batteries(SIBs)have been regarded as one of the alternatives to lithium ion batteries owing to their wide availability and significantly low cost of sodium sources.However,they face serious challenges of lo...Sodium ion batteries(SIBs)have been regarded as one of the alternatives to lithium ion batteries owing to their wide availability and significantly low cost of sodium sources.However,they face serious challenges of low energy&power density and short cycling lifespan owing to the heavy mass and large radius of Na^(+).Vanadium-based polyanionic compounds have advantageous characteristic of high operating voltage,high ionic conductivity and robust structural framework,which is conducive to their high energy&power density and long lifespan for SIBs.In this review,we will overview the latest V-based polyanionic compounds,along with the respective characteristic from the intrinsic crystal structure to performance presentation and improvement for SIBs.One of the most important aspect is to discover the essential problems existed in the present V-based polyanionic compounds for high-energy&power applications,and point out most suitable solutions from the crystal structure modulation,interface tailoring and electrode configuration design.Moreover,some scientific issues of V-based polyanionic compounds shall be also proposed and related future direction shall be provided.We believe that this review can serve as a motivation for further development of novel V-based polyanionic compounds and drive them toward high energy&power applications in the near future.展开更多
Owing to high power density and long cycle life,micro-supercapacitors(MSCs)are regarded as a prevalent energy storage unit for miniaturized electronics in modern life.A major bottleneck is achieving enhanced energy de...Owing to high power density and long cycle life,micro-supercapacitors(MSCs)are regarded as a prevalent energy storage unit for miniaturized electronics in modern life.A major bottleneck is achieving enhanced energy density without sacrificing both power density and cycle life.To this end,designing electrodes in a“smart”way has emerged as an effective strategy to achieve a trade-off between the energy and power densities of MSCs.In the past few years,considerable research efforts have been devoted to exploring new electrode materials for high capacitance,but designing clever configurations for electrodes has rarely been investigated from a structural point of view,which is also important for MSCs within a limited footprint area,in particular.This review article categorizes and arranges these“smart”design strategies of electrodes into three design concepts:layer-by-layer,scaffoldassisted and rolling origami.The corresponding strengths and challenges are comprehensively summarized,and the potential solutions to resolve these challenges are pointed out.Finally,the smart design principle of the electrodes of MSCs and key perspectives for future research in this field are outlined.展开更多
Anion-selective electrodes based on dissociated ion-exchangers such as lipophilicquaternary ammonium or phosphonium species always display classical Hofmeister be-havior in the following order: ClO<sub>4</sub...Anion-selective electrodes based on dissociated ion-exchangers such as lipophilicquaternary ammonium or phosphonium species always display classical Hofmeister be-havior in the following order: ClO<sub>4</sub><sup>-</sup>】SCN<sup>-</sup>】I<sup>-</sup>】Br<sup>-</sup>】NO<sub>2</sub><sup>-</sup>】Cl<sup>-</sup>】SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2-</sup>.A new sol-vent polymeric membrane electrode based on Schiff base complexes of Co(Ⅱ)[Co(Ⅱ)S]and showing excellent selectivity toward iodide ion is for the first time prepared inour work. The resulting electrodes exhibit fairly low detection limits andpotentiometric anion-selectivity sequences deviated from the Hofmeister pattern.Bis(salicylaldehyde) ethylenediiminecobalt(Ⅱ) [Co(Ⅱ)(salen)], bis(salicylaldehyde)-phenyldiiminecobalt(Ⅱ) [Co(Ⅱ)(salophen)],展开更多
In the process of electrocatalytic water splitting, the management of gaseous products is an important task. Timely detachment of gaseous products from the electrode surface and the electrolyte is beneficial to the re...In the process of electrocatalytic water splitting, the management of gaseous products is an important task. Timely detachment of gaseous products from the electrode surface and the electrolyte is beneficial to the reduction of energy consumption of the electrolytic cell. In the existing industrial electrolytic cells, the circulating pump drives the electrolyte flowing to discharge the gaseous products. Up to now, several much more advanced strategies have been explored to deal with the negative effects of bubbles. In this review, we summarized various strategies for bubble detachment, including electrode design, external field imposing and system upgrading. We also elaborated the principle, functional features, practicability, advantages and limitations of each method. Finally, challenges and perspectives are also provided for the further development of advanced bubbles detachment strategies for efficient hydrogen evolution.展开更多
Potassium-ion batteries(PIBs)are appealing alternatives to conventional lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)because of their wide potential window,fast ionic conductivity in the electrolyte,and reduced cost.However,PIBs suffer...Potassium-ion batteries(PIBs)are appealing alternatives to conventional lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)because of their wide potential window,fast ionic conductivity in the electrolyte,and reduced cost.However,PIBs suffer from sluggish K+reaction kinetics in electrode materials,large volume expansion of electroactive materials,and the unstable solid electrolyte interphase.Various strategies,especially in terms of electrode design,have been proposed to address these issues.In this review,the recent progress on advanced anode materials of PIBs is systematically discussed,ranging from the design principles,and nanoscale fabrication and engineering to the structure-performance relationship.Finally,the remaining limitations,potential solutions,and possible research directions for the development of PIBs towards practical applications are presented.This review will provide new insights into the lab development and real-world applications of PIBs.展开更多
The organic solar cell technology has attracted great interests due to its potential of low cost solution process capability. Bulk heterojunction organic solar cells offer a potentially much cheaper alternative way to...The organic solar cell technology has attracted great interests due to its potential of low cost solution process capability. Bulk heterojunction organic solar cells offer a potentially much cheaper alternative way to harness solar energy, and can be made flexible and large area. They can also be made translucent and in different colors. As a result, the inexpensive fabrication process such as solution- process techniques, mechanical flexibility, light weight and visible-light transparency features make organic solar technology attractive for application in new markets, such as smart sensors, power generating window panes, building architecture, greenhouses and outdoor lifestyle, etc. After a brief overview of basics of organic photo- voltaics, the enhancement of semitransparent organic solar cells over the two competing performance indices of power conversion efficiency and transmittance will be discussed.展开更多
基金support by the University of Southern Queensland(USQ)and Australian Research Council(ARC)Discovery Project DP190101782funded through Future Fellowship FT220100166 and Laureate Fellowship FL170100086 by the Australian Research Council(ARC).
文摘The electrochemical CO_(2)reduction reaction(CO_(2)RR),driven by renewable energy,provides a potential carbon-neutral avenue to convert CO_(2)into valuable fuels and feedstocks.Conversion of CO_(2)into formic acid/formate is considered one of the economical and feasible methods,owing to their high energy densities,and ease of distribution and storage.The separation of formic acid/formate from the reaction mixtures accounts for the majority of the overall CO_(2)RR process cost,while the increment of product concentration can lead to the reduction of separation cost,remarkably.In this paper,we give an overview of recent strategies for highly concentrated formic acid/formate products in CO_(2)RR.CO_(2)RR is a complex process with several different products,as it has different intermediates and reaction pathways.Therefore,this review focuses on recent study strategies that can enhance targeted formic acid/formate yield,such as the all-solid-state reactor design to deliver a high concentration of products during the reduction of CO_(2)in the electrolyzer.Firstly,some novel electrolyzers are introduced as an engineering strategy to improve the concentration of the formic acid/formate and reduce the cost of downstream separations.Also,the design of planar and gas diffusion electrodes(GDEs)with the potential to deliver high-concentration formic acid/formate in CO_(2)RR is summarized.Finally,the existing technological challenges are highlighted,and further research recommendations to achieve high-concentration products in CO_(2)RR.This review can provide some inspiration for future research to further improve the product concentration and economic benefits of CO_(2)RR.
文摘Numerical simulations of electrostatic precipitators featuring wire and spiked electrode designs were performed to determine particle behavior and separation efficiency. The applied-voltage mechanism that alters the flow structure of particles through ionic winds and mean electric fields are revealed. Numeri- cal studies throughout the past years have shown these structures for channel and pipe configurations. However, less attention was given to field averaging for the ni,~r-product and electric field. Our study focuses on this averaging and illustrates relevant differences between multidimensional setups concern- ~ng these fields. Turbulence was modeled using the Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations with a second-order Reynolds-stress-model closure. A high three-dimensionality of the ionic wind-induced turbulence is presented. This leads to an increase in the submicron-particle precipitation rate. The results confirm the dependence of separation efficiency on particle density and permittivity, thereby showing the advantages of spiked wires compared with wire-plate setups used in electrostatic precipitators.
文摘The coating on the electrodes contains many kinds of raw materials which affect significantly on the mechanical properties of deposited metals. It is still a problem how to predict and control the mechanical properties of deposited metals directly according to the components of coating on the electrodes. In this paper an electrode intelligent design system is developed by means of fuzzy neural network technology and genetic algorithm,, dynamic link library, object linking and embedding and multithreading. The front-end application and customer interface of the system is realized by using visual C ++ program language and taking SQL Server 2000 as background database. It realizes series functions including automatic design of electrode formula, intelligent prediction of electrode properties, inquiry of electrode information, output of process report based on normalized template and electronic storage and search of relative files.
基金supported by the Agence Nationale de la Recherche,France(ANR)through the TROPIC project(ANR-19CE05-0026)。
文摘This review addresses the growing interest for potassium-ion full-cells(KIFCs)in view of the transition from potassium-ion half-cells(KIHCs)toward commercial K-ion batteries(KIBs).It focuses on the key parameters of KIFCs such as the electrode/electrolyte interfaces challenge,major barriers,and recent advancements in KIFCs.The strategies for enhancing KIFC performance,including interfaces co ntrol,electrolyte optimization,electrodes capacity ratio,electrode material screening and electrode design,are discussed.The review highlights the need to evaluate KIBs in full-cell configurations as half-cell results are strongly impacted by the K metal reactivity.It also emphasizes the importance of understanding solid electrolyte interphase(SEI)formation in KIFCs and explores promising nonaqueous as well as quasiand all-solid-state electrolytes options.This review thus paves the way for practical,cost-effective,and scalable KIBs as energy storage systems by offering insights and guidance for future research.
基金The authors acknowledge support from the German Research Foundation(DFG:LE 2249/5-1)the Sino-German Center for Research Promotion(GZ1579)+1 种基金Yunnan Fundamental Research Projects(202201AW070014)Jiajia Qiu and Yu Duan appreciate support from the China Scholarship Council(No.201908530218&202206990027).
文摘Adopting a nano-and micro-structuring approach to fully unleashing the genuine potential of electrode active material benefits in-depth understandings and research progress toward higher energy density electrochemical energy stor-age devices at all technology readiness levels.Due to various challenging issues,especially limited stability,nano-and micro-structured(NMS)electrodes undergo fast electrochemical performance degradation.The emerging NMS scaffold design is a pivotal aspect of many electrodes as it endows them with both robustness and electrochemical performance enhancement,even though it only occupies comple-mentary and facilitating components for the main mechanism.However,extensive efforts are urgently needed toward optimizing the stereoscopic geometrical design of NMS scaffolds to minimize the volume ratio and maximize their functionality to fulfill the ever-increasing dependency and desire for energy power source supplies.This review will aim at highlighting these NMS scaffold design strategies,summariz-ing their corresponding strengths and challenges,and thereby outlining the potential solutions to resolve these challenges,design principles,and key perspectives for future research in this field.Therefore,this review will be one of the earliest reviews from this viewpoint.
文摘Based on the method of artificial neural network, a new approach has been devised to predict the mechanical property of E4303 electrode. The outlined predication model for determining the mechanical property of electrode was built upon the production data. The research leverages a back propagation algorithm as the neural network’s learning rule. The result indicates that there are positive correlations between the predicted results and the practical production data. Hence, using the neural network, predication of electrode property can be realized. For the first time, this research provides a more scientific method for designing electrode.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21601011 and 21521005)the National Key Research and Development Programme(2017YFA0206804)+1 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(buctrc201506 and buctylkxj01)the Higher Education and HighQuality and World-Class Universities(PY201610)
文摘Layered double hydroxides(LDHs), as a class of typical two-dimensional materials, have sparked increasing interest in the field of energy storage and conversion. In the last few years, the research about LDHs as electrode active materials has seen much progress in terms of structure designing, material synthesis, properties tailoring, and applications. In this review, we focus on the integrated nanostructural electrodes(INEs) construction using LDH materials, including pristine LDH-INEs, hybrid LDH-INEs, and LDH derivativeINEs, as well as the performance advantages and applications of LDH-INEs.Moreover, in the final section, the insights about challenges and prospective in this promising research field were concluded, especially in regulation of intrinsic activity and uncovering of structure–activity relationship, which would push forward the development of this fast-growing field.
基金the support from the National Key Research and Development Program(No.2018YFB1107500)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51503024)+3 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.DUT17RC(3)003)the National Natural Science Foundation of the Joint Fund Key Projects(No.U1663226)the Dalian Youth Science and Technology Star Project Support Program(No.2017RQ104)the Scientific Research Foundation for Doctor,Liaoning Province of China(No.20170520083)。
文摘Sodium-ion capacitors(SICs)are extremely promising due to the combined merits of high energy-power characteristics and considerable price advantage.However,it is still difficult to achieve high energypower outputs and cycle stability in a typical configuration of the metal-based battery-type anode and activated carbon capacitor-type cathode due to the kinetic mismatching.In this work,a carbon nanosheet(PSCS-600)with large interlayer spacing of 0.41 nm derived from the bio-waste pine cone shell was prepared.Besides,the covalent triazine framework derived carbon(OPDN-CTF-A)was obtained through ionothermal synthesis strategy,exhibiting beneficial hierarchical pores(0.5-6 nm)and high heteroatoms(5.6 at%N,6.6 at%O).On this basis,the all-carbon SICs were fabricated by the integration of PSCS-600 anode and OPDN-CTF-A cathode.The device delivered high energy density 111 Wh kg^(-1),high power output of 14,200 W kg^(-1) and ultra-stable cycling life(~90.7%capacitance retention after 10,000 cycles).This work provides new ideas in fabricating carbon-carbon architectural SICs with high energy storage for practical application.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.90923039 and 51025521)the 111 Project of China(No. B08043)
文摘The sensitivities of betavoltaic batteries and photovoltaic batteries to series and parallel resistance are studied.Based on the study,an electrode pattern design principle of GaAs betavoltaic batteries is proposed.GaAs PIN junctions with and without the proposed electrode pattern are fabricated and measured under the illumination of ^(63)Ni.Results show that the proposed electrode can reduce the backscattering and shadowing for the beta particles from ^(63)Ni to increase the GaAs betavoltaic battery short circuit currents effectively but has little impact on the fill factors and ideal factors.
基金financial support from the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDA21070500)the DNL Cooperation Fund,CAS(DNL201914)。
文摘Sodium ion batteries(SIBs)have been regarded as one of the alternatives to lithium ion batteries owing to their wide availability and significantly low cost of sodium sources.However,they face serious challenges of low energy&power density and short cycling lifespan owing to the heavy mass and large radius of Na^(+).Vanadium-based polyanionic compounds have advantageous characteristic of high operating voltage,high ionic conductivity and robust structural framework,which is conducive to their high energy&power density and long lifespan for SIBs.In this review,we will overview the latest V-based polyanionic compounds,along with the respective characteristic from the intrinsic crystal structure to performance presentation and improvement for SIBs.One of the most important aspect is to discover the essential problems existed in the present V-based polyanionic compounds for high-energy&power applications,and point out most suitable solutions from the crystal structure modulation,interface tailoring and electrode configuration design.Moreover,some scientific issues of V-based polyanionic compounds shall be also proposed and related future direction shall be provided.We believe that this review can serve as a motivation for further development of novel V-based polyanionic compounds and drive them toward high energy&power applications in the near future.
基金Sino‐German Center for Research Promotion,Grant/Award Number:GZ1579China Scholarship Council,Grant/Award Number:201908530218Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft,Grant/Award Number:LE 2249/5‐1。
文摘Owing to high power density and long cycle life,micro-supercapacitors(MSCs)are regarded as a prevalent energy storage unit for miniaturized electronics in modern life.A major bottleneck is achieving enhanced energy density without sacrificing both power density and cycle life.To this end,designing electrodes in a“smart”way has emerged as an effective strategy to achieve a trade-off between the energy and power densities of MSCs.In the past few years,considerable research efforts have been devoted to exploring new electrode materials for high capacitance,but designing clever configurations for electrodes has rarely been investigated from a structural point of view,which is also important for MSCs within a limited footprint area,in particular.This review article categorizes and arranges these“smart”design strategies of electrodes into three design concepts:layer-by-layer,scaffoldassisted and rolling origami.The corresponding strengths and challenges are comprehensively summarized,and the potential solutions to resolve these challenges are pointed out.Finally,the smart design principle of the electrodes of MSCs and key perspectives for future research in this field are outlined.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaElectroanalytical Chemistry Laboratory, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Academia Sinica.
文摘Anion-selective electrodes based on dissociated ion-exchangers such as lipophilicquaternary ammonium or phosphonium species always display classical Hofmeister be-havior in the following order: ClO<sub>4</sub><sup>-</sup>】SCN<sup>-</sup>】I<sup>-</sup>】Br<sup>-</sup>】NO<sub>2</sub><sup>-</sup>】Cl<sup>-</sup>】SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2-</sup>.A new sol-vent polymeric membrane electrode based on Schiff base complexes of Co(Ⅱ)[Co(Ⅱ)S]and showing excellent selectivity toward iodide ion is for the first time prepared inour work. The resulting electrodes exhibit fairly low detection limits andpotentiometric anion-selectivity sequences deviated from the Hofmeister pattern.Bis(salicylaldehyde) ethylenediiminecobalt(Ⅱ) [Co(Ⅱ)(salen)], bis(salicylaldehyde)-phenyldiiminecobalt(Ⅱ) [Co(Ⅱ)(salophen)],
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51902101)the Youth Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province(No.2021JJ40044)+2 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(No.BK20201381)Science Foundation of Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications(Nos.NY219144 and NY221046)the National College Student Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program(No.202210293171 K).
文摘In the process of electrocatalytic water splitting, the management of gaseous products is an important task. Timely detachment of gaseous products from the electrode surface and the electrolyte is beneficial to the reduction of energy consumption of the electrolytic cell. In the existing industrial electrolytic cells, the circulating pump drives the electrolyte flowing to discharge the gaseous products. Up to now, several much more advanced strategies have been explored to deal with the negative effects of bubbles. In this review, we summarized various strategies for bubble detachment, including electrode design, external field imposing and system upgrading. We also elaborated the principle, functional features, practicability, advantages and limitations of each method. Finally, challenges and perspectives are also provided for the further development of advanced bubbles detachment strategies for efficient hydrogen evolution.
基金This project was financially supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2017YFA0208200)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22005003,22022505,and 21872069)+4 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Nos.0205-14380219 and 0205-14913212)the Scientific Research Foundation of Anhui University of Technology for Talent Introduction(No.DT19100069)the Yong Scientific Research Foundation of Anhui University of Technology(No.QZ202003)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(No.BK20180008)the Shenzhen Fundamental Research Program of Science,Technology,and Innovation Commission of Shenzhen Municipality(No.JCYJ20180307155007589).
文摘Potassium-ion batteries(PIBs)are appealing alternatives to conventional lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)because of their wide potential window,fast ionic conductivity in the electrolyte,and reduced cost.However,PIBs suffer from sluggish K+reaction kinetics in electrode materials,large volume expansion of electroactive materials,and the unstable solid electrolyte interphase.Various strategies,especially in terms of electrode design,have been proposed to address these issues.In this review,the recent progress on advanced anode materials of PIBs is systematically discussed,ranging from the design principles,and nanoscale fabrication and engineering to the structure-performance relationship.Finally,the remaining limitations,potential solutions,and possible research directions for the development of PIBs towards practical applications are presented.This review will provide new insights into the lab development and real-world applications of PIBs.
文摘The organic solar cell technology has attracted great interests due to its potential of low cost solution process capability. Bulk heterojunction organic solar cells offer a potentially much cheaper alternative way to harness solar energy, and can be made flexible and large area. They can also be made translucent and in different colors. As a result, the inexpensive fabrication process such as solution- process techniques, mechanical flexibility, light weight and visible-light transparency features make organic solar technology attractive for application in new markets, such as smart sensors, power generating window panes, building architecture, greenhouses and outdoor lifestyle, etc. After a brief overview of basics of organic photo- voltaics, the enhancement of semitransparent organic solar cells over the two competing performance indices of power conversion efficiency and transmittance will be discussed.