The formation mechanism of the amorphous Ni-Fe-P coating was studied by analysis of the forming thermodynamics, dynamics, and crystallography of the amorphous alloy. The results show that, in the initial stage of depo...The formation mechanism of the amorphous Ni-Fe-P coating was studied by analysis of the forming thermodynamics, dynamics, and crystallography of the amorphous alloy. The results show that, in the initial stage of deposition a thin 'crystal epitaxial growth' layer first forms, and then transforms to amorphous gradually. The cross section in Ni-Fe-P coatings by electrolytic etching exhibits a banded structure of alternate dark and light bands. It is proposed that the banded structure is caused by a change in the P content with thickness,which is due to alternated depletion and enrichment of [OH-] in the diffusion layer resulting from the generation and evolution of hydrogen gas. The amorphous Ni-Fe-P coating will be formed in proper composition, high nucleation rate and strongly hindered growth of the crystal nucleus. Amorphous Ni-Fe-P alloys form as islands, and grow up by layer.展开更多
Nickel and nickel-phosphorous matrix composite coatings reinforced by TiO2,SiC and WC particles were produced under direct and pulse current conditions from an additive-free Watts' type bath.The influence of the v...Nickel and nickel-phosphorous matrix composite coatings reinforced by TiO2,SiC and WC particles were produced under direct and pulse current conditions from an additive-free Watts' type bath.The influence of the variable electrolysis parameters(type of current,frequency of current pulses and current density) and the reinforcing particles properties(type,size and concentration in the bath) on the surface morphology and the structure of the deposits was examined.It is demonstrated that the embedding of ceramic particles modifies in various ways the nickel electrocrystallisation process.On the other hand,Ni-P amorphous matrix is not affected by the occlusion of the particles.Overall,the imposition of pulse current conditions leads to composite coatings with increased embedded percentage and more homogenous distribution of particles in the matrix than coatings produced under direct current regime.展开更多
Fe-La, Fe-Ce, Fe-La-P, Fe-Ce-P and Fe-P alloys were obtained f rom aqueous solutions by using optimized electroplaing solutions and process con ditions. The experimental results show that these alloys (Fe-La-P, Fe-Ce-...Fe-La, Fe-Ce, Fe-La-P, Fe-Ce-P and Fe-P alloys were obtained f rom aqueous solutions by using optimized electroplaing solutions and process con ditions. The experimental results show that these alloys (Fe-La-P, Fe-Ce- P and Fe-P) have amorphous structure. The crystallization activation energy a nd kinetics equation of three kinds amorphous coatings have been determined by D SC method. The results indicated that the crystallization activation energy of F e-P, Fe-La-P, Fe-Ce-P amorphous coatings are 175.2, 370.1, 434.6kJ·m ol-1 respectively. The crystallization mechamism of three kinds amorphous alloy s may be expressed by Avrami-Erofeev equation (n=1), the kinetics equation is .展开更多
文摘The formation mechanism of the amorphous Ni-Fe-P coating was studied by analysis of the forming thermodynamics, dynamics, and crystallography of the amorphous alloy. The results show that, in the initial stage of deposition a thin 'crystal epitaxial growth' layer first forms, and then transforms to amorphous gradually. The cross section in Ni-Fe-P coatings by electrolytic etching exhibits a banded structure of alternate dark and light bands. It is proposed that the banded structure is caused by a change in the P content with thickness,which is due to alternated depletion and enrichment of [OH-] in the diffusion layer resulting from the generation and evolution of hydrogen gas. The amorphous Ni-Fe-P coating will be formed in proper composition, high nucleation rate and strongly hindered growth of the crystal nucleus. Amorphous Ni-Fe-P alloys form as islands, and grow up by layer.
文摘Nickel and nickel-phosphorous matrix composite coatings reinforced by TiO2,SiC and WC particles were produced under direct and pulse current conditions from an additive-free Watts' type bath.The influence of the variable electrolysis parameters(type of current,frequency of current pulses and current density) and the reinforcing particles properties(type,size and concentration in the bath) on the surface morphology and the structure of the deposits was examined.It is demonstrated that the embedding of ceramic particles modifies in various ways the nickel electrocrystallisation process.On the other hand,Ni-P amorphous matrix is not affected by the occlusion of the particles.Overall,the imposition of pulse current conditions leads to composite coatings with increased embedded percentage and more homogenous distribution of particles in the matrix than coatings produced under direct current regime.
文摘Fe-La, Fe-Ce, Fe-La-P, Fe-Ce-P and Fe-P alloys were obtained f rom aqueous solutions by using optimized electroplaing solutions and process con ditions. The experimental results show that these alloys (Fe-La-P, Fe-Ce- P and Fe-P) have amorphous structure. The crystallization activation energy a nd kinetics equation of three kinds amorphous coatings have been determined by D SC method. The results indicated that the crystallization activation energy of F e-P, Fe-La-P, Fe-Ce-P amorphous coatings are 175.2, 370.1, 434.6kJ·m ol-1 respectively. The crystallization mechamism of three kinds amorphous alloy s may be expressed by Avrami-Erofeev equation (n=1), the kinetics equation is .
