Microstructure and electrical conductivity of electroless copper plating layer on magnesium alloy micro-arc oxidation coating

In order to impart electrical conductivity to the magnesium alloy micro-arc oxidation(MAO)coating,the electroless copper plating was performed.Effects of plating temperature and complexing agent concentration on the properties of the electroless copper plating layers were studied by measuring their microstructure,corrosion resistance and electrical conductivity.It was found that the optimized plating temperature was 60°C,and the most suitable value of the complexing agent concentration was 30 g/L.Under this condition,a complete and dense plating layer could be obtained.The formation mechanism of the plating layer on magnesium alloy MAO coating was analyzed.A three-stage model of the plating process was proposed.The square resistance of the plated specimen was finally reduced to 0.03Ω/□after the third stage.Through electroless copper plating,the MAO coated sample obtained excellent electrical conductivity without significantly reducing its corrosion resistance.

Electroless Ni-P plating on Mg-Li alloy by two-step method

Pretreated Mg-Li alloy sheets were pre-plated in a NiCO3？2Ni（OH）2？4H2O solution to form a thin Ni-P alloy film and then plating in a NiSO4？6H2O solution was carried out to obtain a protective coating.The surface morphology,structure and corrosion resistance of the coating were studied.The results showed that a flat,bright and compact plating layer,which was integrated into the matrix metal,was obtained.The P content of the Ni-P coating reached 13.56%（mass fraction）.The hardness value of the Ni-P coating was about HV 549.The polarization curve showed that the corrosion potential of the Ni-P coating reached ？0.249 V（vs SCE）.A long passivation region was found on the polarization curve,and this phenomenon indicated that the coating has an excellent anti-corrosion property.

Formation mechanism of electroless plating nickel-based composite coating on highly active rare earth magnesium alloys and its corrosion resistance and adhesion performance

The process of preparing anodic oxide film containing active sites and electroless nickel plating on highly active rare earth magnesium alloy was developed.The formation mechanism of electroless nickel plating on active anodic oxide film and the structure and properties of the composite coating were studied by several surface and electrochemical techniques.The results showed that Ag nanograins with an average size of 10 nm were embedded into the anodic oxide film with pores of 0.1−2μm.Ag nanoparticles provided a catalytic site for the deposition of Ni-B alloy,and the Ni crystal nucleus was first grown in horizontal mode and then in cylindrical mode.The corrosion potential of the composite coating increased by 1.37 V and the corrosion current reduced two orders of magnitude due to the subsequent deposition of Ni-P alloy.The high corrosion resistance was attributed to the misaligning of these micro defects in the three different layers and the amorphous structure of the Ni-P alloy in the outer layer.These findings provide a new idea for electroless nickel plating on anodic oxide film.

Progress of electroplating and electroless plating on magnesium alloy

The current research processes of electroplating and electroless Ni-P alloy plating on magnesium alloys were reviewed. Theoretically,the reason for difficulties in electroplating and electroless plating on magnesium alloys was given.The zinc immersion, copper immersion,direct electroless Ni-P alloy plating and electroplating and electroless plating on magnesium alloys prepared by chemical conversion coating were presented in detail.Especially,the research development of magnesium alloy AZ91 and AZ31 was discussed briefly.Based on the analysis,the existing problems and future research directions were then given.

Influence of pH values on electroless Ni-P-SiC plating on AZ91D magnesium alloy

A novel Ni-P-SiC composite coating was prepared by electroless plating in order to improve the corrosion capacity and wear resistance of AZ91D magnesium alloy.The influence of pH values on deposition rates and properties of the coatings was studied.The microstructure and phase structure of the Ni-P-SiC coatings were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy(SEM)and X-ray diffractometry(XRD).The corrosion and wear resistance performances of the coatings were also investigated through electrochemical technique and pin-on-disk tribometer,respectively.The results indicate that the composite coating is composed of Ni, P and SiC.It exhibits an amorphous structure and good adhesion to the substrate.The coatings have higher open circuit potential than that of the substrate.The composite coating obtained at pH value of 5.2 possesses optimal integrated properties,which shows similar corrosion resistance and ascendant wear resistance properties to the substrate.

A novel dual nickel coating on AZ91D magnesium alloy

Magnesium alloys covered with metal coating display excellent corrosion resistance,wear resistance,conductivity and electromagnetic shielding properties.The electroless plating Ni-P as bottom layer following the electroplating nickel as surface layer on AZ91D magnesium alloy was investigated.The coating surface morphology was observed with SEM and the structure was analyzed with XRD.Electrochemical tests and salt spray tests were carried out to study the corrosion resistance.The experimental results indicate that the dual coating is uniform,compact and pore-free.The adhesion strength between magnesium alloy substrate and electroless plating Ni-P bottom layer and electroplating nickel surface layer is perfect.The corrosion resistance of AZ91D magnesium alloy is greatly improved after being protected with the dual coating.

Pretreatment-free Ni-P plating on magnesium alloy at low temperatures

Electrochemically promoted electroless plating(EPEP)was used for the application of pretreatment-free Ni-P coating on AM60B magnesium alloy at low temperatures and the obtained coating was characterized by SEM,AFM,EDS and XRD techniques.Compact,uniform,and medium-phosphorus Ni-P coating with mixed crystalline-amorphous microstructure was obtained by applying a cathodic current density of4mA/cm^2at50℃.Also,island-like nickel clusters were deposited on the alloy surface under the same plating condition but without applying the cathodic current.In addition,the durability of the magnesium alloy against corrosion was strongly improved after plating via EPEP technique which was revealed by electrochemical examinations in3.5%NaCl(mass fraction)corrosive electrolyte.The results of the electrochemical examinations were confirmed by microscopic observations.Thickness,microhardness,porosity and adhesive strength of the deposits were also qualified.

High-temperature Compressive Performance of Mg Alloy Foams Coated with Ni-P Layer

Mg/Ni hybrid foams were fabricated by the electroless method.The Ni-P(Nickel-Phosphorous)coatings were deposited on the surface of closed-cell Mg alloy foams.The composition,microstructure and phases of the Ni-P coatings were characterized by scanning electron microscopy(SEM),energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy(EDS)and X-ray diffraction(XRD),respectively.The compressive tests were performed on the Mg/Ni hybrid foams at 400℃using the Mg alloy foams as a reference.The experimental results show that the yield strength,plateau stress and energy absorption capacity of the closed-cell Mg alloy foams at high temperature were improved by the Ni-P coating.And there are four main modes for the Mg/Ni hybrid foam failure at 400℃,i e,shearing in cell wall,bending in cell edge,shedding and cracking in Ni-P coating.

空心微珠表面化学镀Ni-Co-P合金

以无机非金属粉煤灰空心微珠为芯材,利用化学镀工艺对其表面进行金属化改性,可以得到表面完整包覆的导电粉体,该粉体具有中空,质轻,粒度细,高强度,耐高温,导电性能好等多种优异性能,可部分代替金属和铁氧体微粉作为电磁波吸收剂.采用SnCl2和PdCl2进行敏化-活化处理后,在空心微珠表面化学包覆Ni-Co-P合金层,利用XRD、EDS、SEM和镶嵌金相等方法对样品进行形貌观察和分析表征,结果表明,使用PdCl2作活化剂可以得到优质均匀的Ni-Co-P合金镀层,镀层光亮,均匀,包覆完整.化学镀后镀层呈非晶态,450℃氢气气氛下热处理后出现结晶相Ni3P和六方晶系的!-Co单质.

AZ31镁合金酸性化学镀Ni-Co-P层的耐腐蚀性能

为了提高镁合金的耐蚀性,以酸性化学镀的方法在AZ31镁合金表面制备了Ni-Co-P镀层。分别用XRD,SEM和EDS对镀层的结构、表面形貌和成分进行了分析,并用点滴试验和电化学方法测试了镀层的耐蚀性。结果表明:酸性化学镀Ni-Co-P层为非晶态胞状结构,镀层中P含量可高达9.41%,远高于碱性镀层;AZ31镁合金镀覆Ni-Co-P合金层后腐蚀电流比基体降低3个数量级,其耐蚀性能显著提高。

铝合金上化学镀Ni-Co-P合金工艺及镀层性能的初步研究

研究了铝硅合金基体化学镀Ni-Co-P镀层的工艺对镀层性能的影响。通过正交试验,得出镀液pH值、硫酸镍、硫酸钴以及次磷酸钠的含量对镀层厚度、硬度和成分的影响规律,发现增大镀液pH值和增加硫酸镍含量、次磷酸钠含量适中、降低硫酸钴含量,有利于增加镀层膜厚;增大镀液pH值、硫酸镍和次磷酸钠含量适中、降低硫酸钴含量,有利于提高镀层硬度。

化学镀Ni-Co-P合金对贮氢电极电化学性能的影响

研究了化学镀Ni Co P镀层对贮氢合金电极性能的影响。研究表明 ,引入 1 .74%Co的Ni Co P合金镀层可有效地提高负极贮氢合金活性物质的利用率 ,MH电极的活化性能得到明显改善 ,初次放电容量即达到 2 0 8mA·h/g、最大放电容量达 2 95.8mA·h/g ;同时循环寿命亦有所提高 ,化学镀Ni Co P合金的贮氢电极在进行 1 0 0次循环充放后 ,电容量的保持率为 88% ,而未镀贮氢电极电容量衰减至 62 %。镀Ni Co P合金电极容量的增加 ,主要是由于Co氧化电流和微电流集流效率改善双重作用的结果。化学镀后贮氢合金的抗粉化和抗氧化能力得以改善 ,使得MH电极在自放电性能上有较大改进 ,不可逆部分的容量损失由 2 3.2mA·h/g降到了 3.6mA·h/g。借助于SEM和XRD分析了化学镀Ni Co P合金对MH电极性能改善的影响机理。

Ni-Co-P/CNTs复合微波吸收剂的制备及表征

选用碳纳米管为芯体,采用SnCl2和PdCl2进行敏化-活化预处理后,利用化学镀工艺在其表面均匀地包覆磁性Ni-Co-P合金层,成功制备出新型轻质Ni-Co-P/CNTs纳米复合微波吸收剂。利用XRD,TEM,SEM和EDS等方法对样品进行形貌观察和分析表征,并讨论碳纳米管表面化学沉积Ni-Co-P的影响因素。结果表明:碳纳米管表面均匀、连续、完整地包覆Ni-Co-P合金层,化学镀后镀层呈非晶态,450℃氢气保护气氛下热处理后出现结晶相Ni3P和六方晶系的α-Co单质,调整镀液温度为20～30℃,pH值为8.8～9.0,选用十二烷基硫酸钠作为阴离子表面活性剂具有较好的包覆效果。

化学镀Ni-Co-P合金的工艺控制因素

通过正交实验得到一组较好的化学镀Ni-Co-P配方,在此基础上讨论了主盐浓度比、pH值和温度等控制因素对沉积速度和镀层性能的影响。获得了一种性能良好、经济、实用的化学镀镍钴磷合金工艺配方。

工艺参数对紫铜化学镀Ni-Co-P合金镀层耐蚀性的影响

以提高紫铜的耐蚀性为目标,研究了温度和施镀时间对以紫铜为基体的化学镀Ni-Co-P合金镀层的微观结构和耐蚀性的影响。结果表明:当温度为75〜90°C时,化学镀Ni-Co-P合金镀层都呈现典型的胞状形貌特征,随着温度的升高,胞状物的数量减少,直径增大;随着施镀时间的延长,化学镀Ni-Co-P合金镀层表面胞状物聚集成团的现象减少;当温度为85〜90°C、施镀时间为60〜80 min时,化学镀Ni-Co-P合金镀层在质量分数为3.5%的NaCl溶液和质量分数为10%的NaOH溶液中的腐蚀速率都较低,其耐蚀性明显优于紫铜的耐蚀性.

化学镀时间对Ni-Co-P合金镀层性能的影响

采用化学镀技术在铜基体上制备了Ni-Co-P合金镀层,研究了化学镀时间对镀层微观形貌、厚度、显微硬度和耐腐蚀性能的影响。结果表明:化学镀20~120 min时的镀层都呈胞状形貌,且都含有Ni、Co、P、C和O五种元素。随着化学镀时间延长,镀层微观形貌发生变化,Ni和P元素质量分数总体呈升高的趋势,Co元素质量分数总体呈降低的趋势,厚度呈现出先显著增加后缓慢增加的趋势,显微硬度在325~542 HV之间呈先增大后趋于稳定的趋势,耐腐蚀性能逐渐改善。化学镀120 min时的镀层表面较为平整致密,胞状物的尺寸明显减小,显微硬度达到542 HV,在氯盐溶液和弱碱性溶液中都表现出相对较好的抗腐蚀能力。

镁合金化学镀Ni-Co-P合金镀层的研究

在AZ31B镁合金表面化学镀Ni-Co-P合金镀层。通过正交试验研究了制备Ni-Co-P合金镀层的镀液配方及工艺条件。得出最佳镀液配方及工艺条件为:硫酸镍25g/L,硫酸钴25g/L,次磷酸钠22g/L,柠檬酸三钠70g/L,氟化铵40g/L,碘化钾0.001g/L,十二烷基苯磺酸钠0.05g/L,pH值8.0,温度80℃,时间2h。采用最佳的镀液配方及工艺条件,沉积速率较快,制备的Ni-Co-P合金镀层表面形貌较好,与基材结合较牢,耐蚀性较好。

稀土铈对化学镀Ni-Co-P合金性能的影响

在正交试验法确定化学镀Ni-Co-P合金镀液配方的基础上,向镀液中加入硫酸铈,在AZ91D镁合金基材上得到了性能最佳的Ni-Co-P-Ce合金镀层。最佳的镀液配方及工艺条件为:碘化钾0.06g/L,十二烷基苯磺酸钠0.02g/L,硫酸镍25.0g/L,硫酸钴15.0g/L,次磷酸钠25.0g/L,氟化铵30.0g/L,柠檬酸三钠45.0g/L,硫酸铈0.15g/L,pH值8.5,温度85.0℃,时间1.5h。加入适量的稀土铈能明显提高镀层的耐蚀性和硬度。在最佳配方及工艺条件下,得到孔隙率低、耐蚀性较好的镀层,并且镀层与基体结合较好。

Structures and Electromagnetic Properties of Electroless Ni-Co-P Coatings Before and After Annealing

Ni-Co-P coatings containing Ni 46.13 wt%,Co 45.05 wt%and P 8.82 wt%were electroless-plated on carbon steel substrates and annealed at a series of temperatures.The structure of as-plated coatings was amorphous,and crystallization took place around 623 K.By annealing the coatings at 823 K for 60 min,stable face-centered cubic Ni(Co) and Ni_3P phase were obtained.Electrical resistivity decreased remarkably by increasing the annealing temperature.Both saturation magnetization and coercivity attained their highest values when the coatings were annealed at 723 K.Totally,the Ni-Co-P coatings exhibited semi-hard magnetic characteristics and could be used as magnetic recording materials after annealing.

电厂不锈钢换热管化学镀Ni-Co-P合金镀层及其耐点蚀性能

采用优化的化学镀液配方和工艺条件,在不锈钢管外表面制备了非晶态的化学镀Ni-Co-P合金镀层。通过浸泡腐蚀试验和电化学腐蚀试验,比较了不锈钢管和化学镀Ni-Co-P管的耐点蚀性能。结果表明:在5.0%的盐酸溶液和酸性氯化钠溶液中,化学镀Ni-Co-P管的平均腐蚀速率明显低于不锈钢管的平均腐蚀速率;在3.5%的氯化钠溶液中,化学镀Ni-Co-P合金镀层的电荷转移电阻较大(约为2.13×10^4Ω·cm^2),较不锈钢表现出更好的耐点蚀性能。