Impacts of exposure to 900 MHz mobile phone radiation on liver function in rats

Objective: To study the impacts of exposure to electromagnetic radiation(EMR) on liver function in rats. Methods: Twenty adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into normal group and radiated group. The rats in normal group were not radiated, those in radiated group were exposed to EMR 4 h/d for 18 consecutive days. Rats were sacrificed immediately after the end of the experiment. The serum levels of alanine aminotransferase(ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase(AST), and those of malondialdehyde(MDA) and glutathione(GSH) in liver tissue were evaluated by colorimetric method. The liver histopathological changes were observed by hematoxylin and eosin staining and the protein expression of bax and bcl-2 in liver tissue were detected by immunohistochemical method. Terminal-deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated nick and labelling(TUNEL) method was used for analysis of apoptosis in liver. Results: Compared with the normal rats, the serum levels of ALT and AST in the radiated group had no obvious changes(P>0.05), while the contents of MDA increased(P<0.01) and those of GSH decreased(P<0.01) in liver tissues. The histopathology examination showed diffuse hepatocyte swelling and vacuolation, small pieces and focal necrosis. The immunohistochemical results displayed that the expression of the bax protein was higher and that of bcl-2 protein was lower in radiated group. The hepatocyte apoptosis rates in radiated group was higher than that in normal group(all P<0.01). Conclusion: The exposure to 900 MHz mobile phone 4 h/d for 18 days could induce the liver histological changes, which may be partly due to the apoptosis and oxidative stress induced in liver tissue by electromagnetic radiation.

Change in pulse rate with Enviro Chip and dummy chip fixed on radiation emitting devices like mobile phones/computers/laptops of users—A double blind crossover study

Use of Electronic gadgets such as mobile phones, computers/laptops constitutes an integral part of human day-to-day activity in offices and businesses. Therefore, their use cannot be stopped. These electronic gadgets emit electromagnetic radiations, which are believed to be hazardous to human health. World Health Organization/International Agency for Research on Cancer has classified radiofrequency electromagnetic fields as possibly carcinogenic to humans (Group B). The Enviro Chip developed by Synergy Environics, India, is a radiation harmonizing chip which when fixed on electronic gadgets at specific locations claims to reduce stress level by reducing the pulse rate of users which may also result in improvement of other health parameters. In this study, we have tested the ability of the Enviro Chip to reduce pulse rate of people who may have developed high pulse rate due to prolonged use of electronic gadgets. This was the double blind crossover study conducted in 205 healthy volunteers having an average pulse rate of above 82 per Minute at Max Healthcare India. The primary objective of the study was to evaluate and compare the change in pulse rate over 14 measurements with the use of both the Enviro Chip and a Dummy chip from average pulse rate at baseline without the Placebo effect. The secondary objective was to evaluate the change in pulse rate gender-wise. Data analysis was done using Wilcoxon Sign Rank test. The study demonstrated statistical significant reduction in pulse rate over 14 measurements with the use of Enviro Chip in both male and female healthy volunteers

Monitoring Electromagnetic Field Emitted by High Frequencies Home Utilities

The aim of this study is to provide measurements of the electromagnetic field due to the ‘electrosmog’ emitted by some home electronic devices in the range of microwaves frequencies. The enormous increase in the use of mobile telephony throughout the world, microwave ovens, cordless phones and other high frequency home utilities suggests accurate measures of microwaves power density emitted by such devices to check that the exposure limits suggested by the In-ternational Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection are not exceeded. Measurements were carried out by a Narda SRM 3000. Spectrum analysis mode was chosen as a preliminary analysis to quantify the frequencies intensities of electromagnetic waves. Time analysis was successively conducted to operate selective and continuous measurements at a fixed frequency, allowing temporal check of power density and the related electromagnetic field components emitted by high frequencies home electronic devices.

A Real-time EMF Measuring System for Mobile Communication Towers in Sri Lanka

Telecommunications Regulatory Commission of Sri Lanka is the governing body which is responsible for the frequency allocation and monitoring the unauthorized Electromagnetic frequency(EMF)signal transmitting violations.However,in Sri Lanka,currently there is not any proper mechanism to monitor the radiation hazard level and its impact to the people living in the vicinity of mobile communication towers.There are approximately 7000 mobile transmitting towers in Sri Lanka to date and the used frequency range lies between 900 MHz to 3 GHz for mobile communication.Over the last few decades,many of the health hazard conditions were reported due to the radiation of those harmful EMFs.To cater this problem,a portable real time EMF signal strength measuring system with a radiation hazard level indicator was developed to monitor the EMF level and its impact.The proposed system operates with three intermediate frequency bands(i.e.900 MHz,1800 MHz and 2400 MHz)and it’s capable of measuring the power density and the radiation hazard level at that particular point which is being measured.Moreover,the corresponding radiation hazard level is indicated with reference to the standard power density levels published by the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection(ICNIRP^(*)).The system works with the overall accuracy of 88%in terms of identifying the power densities and its corresponding radiation hazard levels.

手机电磁辐射对耳蜗超微结构及边缘细胞的影响

目的探讨900MHz手机电磁辐射对大鼠耳蜗超微结构及边缘细胞的影响。方法选择成年SD大鼠40只,通过每日接受不同时长900MHz手机电磁辐射暴露28d建立手机电磁辐射大鼠模型,分为对照组、辐射6 h组、辐射12 h组和辐射24 h组。电磁辐射暴露后,测试大鼠的听性脑干反应(ABR)、40 Hz听觉事件相关电位和听觉稳态反应的反应阈以评价电磁辐射对大鼠听觉功能的影响;扫描电镜及苏木精-伊红染色后光镜下观察耳蜗超微结构;彗星实验检测耳蜗边缘细胞DNA损伤情况;流式细胞仪检测电磁辐射对边缘细胞凋亡的影响及活性氧水平。结果手机电磁辐射后大鼠听觉功能各指标反应阈值均高于对照组(P值均<0.05);大鼠耳蜗超微结构随每日暴露时长增加而出现不同程度的外毛细胞纤毛排列及结构异常、柯蒂器形态改变和耳蜗内红细胞渗出等;大鼠耳蜗边缘细胞的DNA损伤情况及细胞凋亡率在各组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);辐射24 h组的活性氧水平显著高于对照组(P<0.001),其余组与对照组间差异无统计学意义(P值均>0.05)。结论长时间手机电磁辐射可引起大鼠耳蜗超微结构损伤,并导致听觉功能下降,但不足以引起耳蜗边缘细胞的DNA损伤和凋亡,更长时间的辐射暴露会引起活性氧水平升高。

电磁辐射对人体的伤害及预防

随着各种电磁辐射源的广泛使用 ,电磁辐射对人体健康的影响已经引起人们的普遍关注。介绍了电磁辐射对人体伤害的机理及其预防措施 ,并着重就移动电话的相关问题作了讨论。

微波的危害及微波防护膜的研究

从近期的国内外研究报告看出 ,人们对微波生物效应有了新的认识。为了消除微波对人体辐射的不良影响 ,笔者研究了有效的防护措施 ,提出一种由微波吸收材料和微波反射材料组成的防护膜 ,设置在微波源与保护主体之间。经实验测得手机上采用微波防护膜后 ,防护区域微波辐射场强可降至5μW/cm2以下 ,符合国家的卫生标准 ,有效地解决了微波辐射的危害问题。

电脑和手机电磁辐射强度测试及防护对策

测试了电脑显示器和手机工作时电磁辐射强度的大小,总结了它们发射电磁波强度大小的规律,并与国家标准进行了比较,针对电磁波的危害提出了一些防护措施和对策。

手机微波辐射对豚鼠耳蜗外毛细胞膜电位的影响

目的探讨手机微波辐射对豚鼠耳蜗外毛细胞膜电位的影响。方法取成年豚鼠20只随机分为对照组和辐射组,每组各10只。对照组不做任何处理;辐射组:距豚鼠右侧耳廓2cm处对辐射组豚鼠进行手机微波辐射,辐射时间分别为1、6、12、24和48h,然后分别于各时间点随机活杀两组中的豚鼠各2只,取出听泡,分离耳蜗外毛细胞,用2 000Hz纯音进行不同强度的声刺激,观察离体单个外毛细胞(OHC)膜电位的变化特征。结果对照组离体单个OHC予2 000Hz、10dB HL纯音刺激时,于第40s细胞内荧光值开始升高,并于第50s达到峰值(1.112u),随后细胞内荧光值开始回落,于第60s至最低值(1.000u)。辐射组微波辐射1小时后,OHC细胞膜的去极化和复极化时间明显增加,并且不能完全去极化和复极化;辐射6和12h后,随着间断的声刺激可见OHC内荧光值缓慢上升,辐射6小时组之毛细胞于第70s荧光值达峰值(1.100u),而辐射12小时组之毛细胞于第90s荧光值达峰值(1.050u),随后整条曲线呈微上升趋势;辐射24和48h后,经过声刺激,曲线呈微上升、微下降波动,无明显峰值及回落。结论长时间的手机微波辐射能导致离体豚鼠耳蜗OHC膜离子通透性的改变,影响OHC膜电位的形成及细胞去极化、复极化,从而导致离体OHC膜电位对不同强度纯音刺激的敏感性逐渐降低。

手机微波辐射对中枢神经系统的影响

近年来,手机微波辐射对机体健康的影响越来越多地引起人们的关注,手机使用时直接受到影响的中枢神经系统成为手机微波辐射研究关注的热点。本文对手机的发展过程、微波辐射非热效应的机制以及手机对中枢神经系统的影响等方面的研究做一综述。

移动电话射频辐射对机体免疫系统影响的研究进展

从流行病学调查、动物实验和体外研究等方面,综述了近年来国内外学者有关移动电话射频辐射对机体免疫系统影响的研究成果.目前,有关评价电磁场暴露及其危害的流行病学调查依据还很有限,动物实验和体外研究方面的实验结果也缺乏一致性,所以对移动电话射频辐射是否会影响人体健康尚无定论,主要是因为对射频场的作用机理不明确,导致无法制定测试电磁场效应的统一标准.因此,尽早明确射频场的作用机制从而确定流行病学和实验研究的生物指标,是揭示移动电话射频辐射生物学效应的必要途径.

补肾填精方对电磁辐射所致小鼠睾丸组织SOD活性和MDA含量的研究

目的:探讨移动电话的电磁辐射对雄鼠生殖功能的影响及补肾填精方的预防作用。方法:用移动电话的模拟辐射源对各组小鼠(空白组除外)进行全身辐射,辐射频率为900MHz,每天2h,连续35d。按平均功率密度分为4个组,即空白组(0uW/cm2)、低辐射组(33uW/cm2)、高辐射组(181uW/cm2)和补肾组(181uW/cm2)。辐射期间,补肾组每天给予0.15mL/10g体重的补肾填精方浓缩液(含生药量0.9g/mL)灌胃,其他各组给予等量生理盐水灌胃。35d后取双侧睾丸和附睾称重,检测睾丸组织超氧化歧化酶(SOD)活性和丙二醛(MDA)水平。结果:各组间的睾丸、附睾及其脏器系数无显著性差异(P>0.05);高辐射组睾丸组织SOD活性(13.98±1.64)u/mgprot明显下降、MDA水平(1.26±0.11)nmol/mgprot明显上升(P<0.05)。结论:移动电话的电磁辐射可以降低睾丸组织SOD活性并升高睾丸组织MDA水平,补肾填精方对其病理损伤有着一定的预防作用。

手机微波防护器具的研究与测试

针对手机微波对人脑的辐射影响问题 ,研究了手机微波防护器具。从多种微波防护材料中筛选出几种防护效果较好的材料和组合防护方法。经实验测试 ,表明采用了微波防护器人脑侧微波辐射功率密度可降至 5 μW/cm2 以下 ,符合国家对微波防护的卫生标准。从而有效地降低了手机微波对人脑的辐射影响。

利用FDTD方法比较手提电话天线的方向图,输入阻抗及人头部的比吸收率(SAR)(英文)

本文给出了利用FDTD电磁模拟方法对常用的五种个人通信手提电话的天线和人头部组织相互作用的比较研究。在研究中考虑的蜂窝通信手提电话常用的天线种类为单极子、偶极子和倒F型（IFA）天线。不均匀的实际人头模型被用于预测天线特性（包括输入阻抗，方向图和辐射效率等）和对操作作者耦合的电磁效应。天线在人头部的潜在危险影响是用1W辐射功率在人组织产生的比吸收率（SAR）来评估。

移动电话电磁辐射与脑肿瘤关系的Meta分析

目的综合分析移动电话电磁辐射与脑肿瘤的关系。方法对近十年来国内外公开发表的相关病例对照研究进行meta分析。结果移动电话电磁辐射与脑肿瘤之间无明显联系。但使用移动电话的同侧大脑半球发生肿瘤的风险增加,综合OR值为1.784(1.136～2.804),失安全系数为34。结论现有的文献不支持移动电话电磁辐射导致脑肿瘤的观点,但移动电话的使用年限与脑肿瘤的关系及使用同侧大脑发生肿瘤的危险值得进一步研究。

移动电话的电磁辐射对人体伤害及其预防措施的探讨

随着移动电话的迅速普及 ,由其产生的电磁辐射对人体健康的影响已成为人们关心的热门话题。笔者就移动电话的电磁辐射对人体的伤害及其有关预防措施进行探讨。旨在提醒人们正确使用手机 ,尽量减少手机辐射对人体健康的影响 。

手机微波辐射强度及对人体健康的影响

目的为了加强对微波辐射的检测与管理,提高人们对微波辐射的认识,保护手机使用者的健康。方法对成都地区出售的摩托罗拉、诺基亚、西门子、三星、TCL、科健、波导、厦新、松下9种品牌,52种机型移动电话,测定其在发射和对讲状态下距天线(或内置)、号码键盘、接话器、受话器1cm处的微波辐射强度,参照我国微波辐射卫生标准(GBZ1-2002)进行评价。同时对18~50岁的手机使用者和未使用的人群进行一般情况(包括性别、年龄、职业、饮食习惯、睡眠情况、烟酒嗜好等)和类神经症调查。结果各型号手机在发射和对讲状态下均有微波漏能,其在发射和对讲状态下微波辐射强度均未超过日平均功率密度(50μw/cm2)及日接触4h的容许辐射平均功率密度(100μw/cm2)。但手机使用者长期低强度接触微波可引起疲乏、情绪激动、恶心、视力下降、听力下降、入睡困难、多汗、胸闷等症状,且随着手机使用日平均时间的增加,恶心、听力减弱、入睡困难等症状的出现率显著提高;随着使用年限的延长,记忆力下降、情绪激动、食欲减退等症状的出现率显著提高。结论手机微波辐射对人体健康有一定影响。

手机辐射对学习记忆的影响

手机辐射给人体带来的危害已引起广泛关注,其对学习记忆的影响成为热点研究领域。为了解手机辐射对人体健康及学习记忆的影响,文章对手机辐射损伤机制、手机辐射对身体各系统的影响以及手机电磁场的生物学效应进行综述。

手机电磁辐射对小鼠自由基影响的研究

目的 :研究经手机电磁辐射后的小鼠血清中SOD、MDA含量的变化 ,推断手机电磁辐射可能对人体造成的早期损害。方法 :应用分光光度比色法检测手机辐射后血清SOD、MDA含量 ,并与对照组进行统计学比较 ,同时电镜下观察大脑皮层、海马、小脑超微结构的变化。结果 :实验组小鼠血清SOD低于对照组 ,有显著性差异 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,而实验组MDA含量明显高于对照组 (P <0 .0 1) ;电镜下 ,实验组大脑皮层、海马、小脑超微结构与对照组相比较没有明显改变。结论 :手机辐射使小鼠体内自由基生成增多 ,对机体细胞造成早期损伤。