Discussion on the application prospect of the transient electromagnetic method based on the dual launcher and mine advanced detection

The dual transmitter implements the equivalent anti-magnetic flux transient electromagnetic method, which can effectively reduce the scope of the transient electromagnetic detection blind area. However, this method is rarely reported in the detection of pipelines in urban geophysical exploration and the application of coal mines. Based on this, this paper realizes the equivalent anti-magnetic flux transient electromagnetic method based on the dual launcher. The suppression effect of this method on the blind area is analyzed by physical simulation. And the detection experiment of underground pipelines is carried out outdoors. The results show that the dual launcher can significantly reduce the turn-off time, thereby effectively reducing the impact of the blind area on the detection results, and the pipeline detection results verify the device’s effectiveness. Finally, based on the ground experimental results, the application prospect of mine advanced detection is discussed. Compared with other detection fields, the formation of blind areas is mainly caused by the equipment. If the dual launcher can be used to reduce the blind area, the accuracy of advanced detection can be improved more effectively. The above research results are of great significance for improving the detection accuracy of the underground transient electromagnetic method.

Simulation research and application on response characteristics of detecting water-filled goaf by transient electromagnetic method

Water inrush disasters poses a great threat to the safe exploitation of coal resources.To solve this problem,the transient electromagnetic method(TEM)was proposed to accurately detect the water accumulation in the goaf.The electromagnetic response characteristics of diferent water-flled goaves were studied by electromagnetic feld theory,numerical simulation and feld verifcation.Through the models of 100%water accumulation,50%water accumulation,0%water accumulation,100%water accumulation with collapsed rock,50%water accumulation with collapsed rock and 0%water accumulation with collapsed rock goaf,the characteristics of induced voltage attenuation curves were studied.Meanwhile,the relationship between the attenuation voltage value and area of the transmitting coil,the depth of the goaf,the background resistivity,and the delay time were also simulated.The results illustrate that the attenuation curve of induced voltage presented a regular exponential decay form in the 0%water accumulation model but existed abnormal exaltation for voltage in water-flled model.Through the linear ftting curve,it can be seen that the abnormal intensity of the induced voltage becomes stronger as the distance between the measuring point and the center of the target decrement.Moreover,the abnormal amplitude of the induced voltage increases with the rise of the water accumulation and collapsed rock will weakly reduce the low-resistivity anomalous efect on the water-accumulated goaf.In addition,the response value of the attenuation voltage increased as the area of the transmitting coil increases,but decreased with increasing delay time and increasing background resistivity and depth of the target body.The feld detection results of the Majiliang coal mine also confrmed the theoretical analysis and the numerical simulation.

The Analysis of the Differences between Electromechanical Transients Simulation and Electromagnetic Transients Simulation

The paper firstly interprets the differences between electromechanical transients program BPA and electromagnetic transients program EMTDC in the field of principle, model and algorithm. Then the authors carry out the simulation based on single-machine infinite-bus system and draw some conclusions. The time consumption of the simulation using EMTDC is much longer than the simulation using BPA under the same length of time. The results of BPA are close to those of EMTDC under steady conditions. The fundamental frequency component of the EMTDC results seems closer to the BPA results than its original value, but they still away from completely consistent. In this simulation of single-machine infinite-bus system, the transient stability results of BPA and EMTDC are close, but the results of BPA are apt to be more conservative. All the conclusions above have a certain reference value to both hybrid simulation and comprehensive analysis method in the study of the AC/DC digital simulation of large power grid.

Simplified Calculation Method for Transient Field of Transverse Electromagnetic Horn Antenna Used by High-altitude Electromagnetic Pulse Simulator

For conveniently calculating the radiated electric field of transverse electromagnetic(TEM) horn antenna,an approximate simplified analytical calculation method is suggested.This method divides the horn to a system of V-antennas and superimposes the fields of all V-antennas to obtain the field of the TEM horn.The method is compared with the traditional analytical method and numerical method.The obtained results suggest that the proposed method is valid,simple and that it can fastly calculate the radiated electric field of the TEM horn antenna in an arbitrary space with an arbitrary excitation voltage.Based on this method,radiation of the TEM horn antenna of a high-altitude electromagnetic pulse(HEMP) simulator is simulated.Rise time,pulse width,peak value of electric field,and field distribution are analyzed.Results show that the TEM horn antenna can be used in HEMP simulators: the near field waveform is closer to the standard waveform than to the far field waveform; the standards for the rise time and the peak value of electric field are easily satisfied; the pulse width of the radiated field can be increased by broadening the pulse width of an excitation source and by making the antenna of a proper

Calculation of all-time apparent resistivity of large loop transient electromagnetic method with very fast simulated annealing

In large loop transient electromagnetic method(TEM),the late time apparent resistivity formula cannot truly reflect the geoelectric model,thus it needs to define the all-time apparent resistivity with the position information of measuring point.Utilizing very fast simulated annealing(VFSA) to fit the theoretical electromagnetic force(EMF) and measured EMF could obtain the all-time apparent resistivity of the measuring points in rectangular transmitting loop.The selective cope of initial model of VFSA could be confirmed by taking the late time apparent resistivity of transient electromagnetic method as the prior information.For verifying the correctness,the all-time apparent resistivities of the geoelectric models were calculated by VFSA and dichotomy,respectively.The results indicate that the relative differences of apparent resistivities calculated by these two methods are within 3%.The change of measuring point position has little influence on the tracing pattern of all-time apparent resistivity.The first branch of the curve of all-time apparent resistivity is close to the resistivity of the first layer medium and the last branch is close to the resistivity of the last layer medium,which proves the correctness of the arithmetics proposed.

Comparative Study on Electromagnetic and Electrome-chanical Transient Model for Grid-connected Photovoltaic Power System

With the development of new energy technology, there are increasing applications of grid-connected photovoltaic power generation system. However, there is little research on development of electromechanical model of large scale photovoltaic power station. The computational speed will be very slow if electromagnetic transient model is used for stability study because of its complexity. Therefore, study on electromechanical transient model of grid-connected photovoltaic power generation system is of great meaning. In this paper, electromagnetic transient model of photovoltaic power generation system is introduced first, and then a general electromechanical transient model is proposed. These two kinds of simulation model are set up in PSCAD. By comparing the simulation results of two models, the correctness and validity of the electromechanical transient model is verified. It provides reference model for efficient simulation and modeling of grid-connected photovoltaic power station in large-scale power systems.

Nonlinear Switching Transient Field Simulation of Cable Joint without Residual Charge

The analysis of the impulse voltage on the internal electric field of the cable joint plays a key role in studying the breakdown of the joint. Based on the finite element method, a three-dimensional electromagnetic field simulation model of the cable joint is established in this paper. Simulation results show that the voltage at the head of the cable joint reaches about twice the impulse voltage. The increase of the conductivity of semi-conductive material also leads to the increase of electric field intensity. Then, several points and curves at different positions are selected for further analysis in this paper. Among them, the electric field distortion at the edge of the high voltage shield is the most serious and the electric field in the air gap is the least.

Dynamic phasor-based hybrid simulation for multi-inverter grid-connected system

To realize the efficient transient simulation of a grid-connected power generation system based on multiple inverters, this paper proposes a hybrid simulation method integrating the models of electromagnetic transient and dynamic phasors. Based on a demonstration of the concepts and properties of dynamic phasors, the models of single-phase and three-phase inverters described by dynamic phasors are established first. Considering the numerical compatibility problem between dynamic phasors and instantaneous values, an interface scheme between dynamic phasors and instantaneous values is designed, and the efficiency and precision differences of various transformation methods are compared in detail.Finally, by utilizing MATLAB/Simulink, a hybrid simulation platform of a multi-inverter grid-connected system is built, and the efficiency and accuracy of the hybrid simulation are validated via comparison with the full electromagnetic transient simulation.

适应并离网模式切换的DFIG电磁暂态仿真建模

目前,常用的商业仿真软件中的双馈式感应发电机(double-fed Induction Generator,DFIG)模型通常不支持离网运行模式,难以实现风力发电系统由离网到并网的全过程电磁暂态仿真,对电力系统仿真分析工作带来极大不便。研究适应并离网模式切换的DFIG电磁暂态仿真建模方法。基于模块化思想分别对风力机、异步电机、变流器以及断路器进行建模,在系统组装形成DFIG风力发电系统电磁暂态仿真模型。提出了适应并离网模式切换的DFIG受控源等效电路模型和离散时间域实现方法,通过设计状态变量矩阵元素的截取和扩充算法实现了模型在并离网模式下的无缝衔接。在MATLAB/Simulink中搭建DFIG发电系统模型对所提方法和模型进行验证,仿真结果表明,所提建模方法能够很好地支持DFIG离网运行模式,实现DFIG由离网到并网的全过程电磁暂态仿真。

钻孔瞬变电磁法方位线圈扫描探测定位方法

利用掘进巷道超前探水钻孔进行钻孔瞬变电磁法探测钻孔孔壁外围远距离含水体,避免了常规测井方法仅能探测钻孔孔壁岩层的“一孔之见”。目前钻孔瞬变电磁法受全空间效应的影响,接收到的单分量响应不能判别异常体方位;多分量响应可以近似判断异常体的大致方位,但难以通过成像等直观有效的方法对其进行精确定位。基于钻孔瞬变电磁法和方位电磁波测井相关理论,提出了钻孔瞬变电磁法方位线圈扫描探测定位方法,采用方位线圈作为探测装置,减小线圈互感,增强钻孔瞬变电磁法的探测效果。同时,通过改变线圈旋转角,对钻孔孔壁进行360°扫描,形成钻孔径向全方位探测,旨在对钻孔孔壁外围岩体中的低阻体进行精确定位。首先推导方位线圈的互感解析表达式,探讨方位角对方位线圈互感的影响,通过数值计算确定最佳方位角取值。分别建立均匀介质和含低阻异常体的钻孔全空间三维地质-地球物理模型进行瞬变电磁场数值模拟,分析方位线圈的瞬变电磁法扫描探测多分量响应特征,总结方位线圈扫描探测瞬变电磁响应规律,确定了钻孔瞬变电磁法方位线圈扫描探测定位方法,即通过钻孔轴向和径向的瞬变电磁响应特征判别钻孔孔壁外围岩体中低阻异常体的位置。最后建立含2个低阻体的地质-地球物理模型,采用最佳方位角的方位线圈进行数值实验,验证了该方法能有效地判别低阻异常体的方位。研究表明:钻孔瞬变电磁法方位线圈扫描探测结果可以较好地反映钻孔径向外围岩体中低阻异常体引起的瞬变电磁场异常,全空间视电阻率成像结果分辨率较高。依据钻孔轴向和径向的瞬变电磁响应特征,钻孔瞬变电磁法方位线圈扫描探测定位方法对钻孔孔壁外围岩体中的低阻异常体具有较高的分辨率及定位精度。研究结果可以为钻孔瞬变电磁法方位线圈扫描探测定位方法的实际应用提供理论依据。

新能源场站过电压受变压器磁饱和影响机理分析及修正方法

文中研究新能源基地经直流外送系统中变压器磁饱和特性对过电压的影响,揭示变压器磁饱和特性影响新能源场站过电压的机理。首先,介绍了有无变压器磁饱和特性建模时新能源场站并网点过电压仿真结果的差异。其次,介绍了变压器的电磁暂态仿真模型及其磁饱和特性的建模方法。然后,论证了过电压发生时变压器的磁饱和特性将使其吸收无功功率,并推导了无功吸收量与电压之间的关系。接着,针对未考虑变压器饱和特性的算例提出了过电压仿真结果修正方法。最后,通过小型测试案例及西北全网测试案例,验证了所提出的理论及修正方法的正确性与可行性。

基于EMTDC的高压直流MACH2系统实时等价仿真

对大规模交直流网络下的高压直流控制保护系统进行参数优化设计,是保证灵活交流输电系统暂态性和稳定性良好的重要手段。目前由于实时仿真技术的网络节点受限、费用高等缺点,使其不适合此规模网络的试验和设计任务。文中基于ABB公司高压直流控制保护系统硬件结构特点和MACH2(modular advanced control for HVDC and SVC)系统运作机理,提出了等价实时离线仿真的实现原理和方法,使离线仿真达到实时仿真的效果;通过与实际工控机运行结果进行比对,验证了其有效性;同时对工程用高压直流控制中的电流控制功能进行了等价实时仿真。仿真结果分析表明,基于所提出的等价实时仿真原理和方法,利用商业通用的离线仿真软件,可高效地进行高压直流控制保护系统优化设计。

交直流电网多时间尺度暂态仿真接口综述

为满足大规模交直流电网多时间尺度动态过程的准确、高效仿真需求,已有研究结合不同仿真建模理论深入讨论了多时间尺度分区仿真方法。对于多时间尺度分区仿真,不同分区间的仿真接口是决定仿真成败的关键。首先,分析了交直流电网的多时间尺度特性及分区多时间尺度仿真的分类。然后,梳理了机电-电磁暂态离线仿真接口设计的关键问题。进一步,归纳了多速率电磁暂态仿真接口和移频-常规电磁暂态混合仿真接口的研究现状。最后,对多时间尺度分区协同仿真接口设计的未来研究方向进行了展望。

含多馈入直流的广东电网EMTDC仿真建模

为研究含多馈入直流的交直流电力系统相互作用及其交流继电保护的影响,以广东电网4条直流和500kV主网架为背景,利用EMTDC仿真平台,研究了大规模交直流电力系统电磁暂态仿真需要同时解决的精度和效率问题,提出了仿真规模、模型选取、网络等值的原则和方法,尤其对接入220kV交流系统的天广直流特殊落点接入方式进行了详细分析。在稳态和暂态层面将仿真结果与实际电网数据相比对,并重现了实际故障过程,可反映大电网主网架结构及多直流接入的动态特征,从而验证了文中方法的有效性和可信性。基于该仿真平台,对当前广东电网中可引发直流换相失败和暂态功率倒向的大量故障进行了仿真研究,给出了交直流电力系统相互作用的影响范围,从而为现场开展此类研究提供了一个有效的分析手段。

基于PSCAD/EMTDC的大规模交直流系统快速建模及有效性分析

为提高大规模交直流系统PSCAD/EMTDC仿真模型建立的效率,基于PSS/E数据文件,提出了一套系统快速建模的程序化流程。给出了PSS/E和PSCAD/EMTDC之间关键元件的模型对应关系,并描述了快速建模的详细过程:先提取元件连接、元件参数等信息,通过区域判据和电压分层实现网络模块化,再结合坐标变换完成整个网络在各子模块下的布局、元件模型的建立及各参数的设定,最后,通过自动布线生成PSCAD/EMTDC仿真模型。仿真结果表明,在稳态、直流闭锁和交流对称故障下,转换前后的系统稳态和暂态特性相一致,该结果验证了快速建模方法的有效性;在交流不对称故障下,模型转换前后的机电暂态与电磁暂态特性不一致,这表明了机电暂态仿真程序的局限性和电磁暂态仿真程序的必要性。

基于多核CPU的风光新能源场站全拓扑实时仿真建模方法

风光新能源场站在构建新型电力系统中占据重要地位,其电磁暂态实时仿真愈发受到关注。由于新能源场站网络解算十分复杂,串行逻辑冗长,难以在目前开发较为成熟的多核CPU仿真机上实时仿真。因此提出了一种基于多核CPU的风光新能源场站全拓扑实时仿真建模方法。该方法基于电网络等效原理,建立发电单元四端子等效模型,依据该模型的仿真流程设计适用于多核CPU的并行仿真架构,实现新能源场站的实时仿真。所建场站模型利用内部电压的计算可保留高精度的全拓扑信息,同时通过降阶有效降低网络解算资源占用,缩短串行逻辑。经仿真测试,相较于RTDS模型,该方法所建模型在保证精度误差小于4%的同时可实时仿真的场站规模扩大3倍,有效降低实时仿真硬件成本。

图形化电磁暂态仿真软件EMTP-RV及其应用

为在电力行业中推广基于Windows平台的新一代图形化电磁暂态仿真工具EMTP-RV(Restructured Version),以便能高效研究电力系统及装置的动态行为,详细说明了该软件包的3个组成部分:EMTP-RV核心计算引擎、EMTP Works图形化编辑界面和ScopeView可视化数据处理程序;描述了其主要元器件模型的基本功能;通过对1台35kV、100MVA静止无功补偿器(SVC)三相阀组动态开关过程的建模和仿真,演示了EMTP-RV的友好界面和强大功能。结果表明,EMTP-RV有效简化了电力系统中暂态过程的研究工作,为复杂电力系统的仿真提供了有力支持。

考虑磁滞特性变压器PSCAD/EMTDC电磁暂态仿真建模方法及励磁差异性分析

为了研究高压直流输电中励磁涌流问题,该文结合ATP-EMTP电磁暂态仿真软件中描述铁心铁磁材料磁滞特性的非线性电感Type96以及BCTRAN共同建立考虑磁滞特性变压器模型思想,提出一种考虑磁滞特性变压器PSCAD/EMTDC电磁暂态仿真新模型。该模型在经典模型的基础上增加了考虑磁滞特性的励磁支路,利用试验获得的最大磁滞回线数据便可有效地反映变压器的磁滞特性,验证表明该模型能很好地反映变压器磁滞特性,且因参数易得,便于用户在PSCAD/EMTDC中仿真使用。同时也仿真研究利用磁滞回线和磁滞中线模拟变压器励磁特性的差异性,得出采用磁滞中线代替磁滞回线来模拟变压器铁心励磁特性在励磁涌流峰值上具有一致性,但磁滞回线对涌流稳态过程特别是谐波特性有较大影响。

半隐式延迟解耦的开关动作高效处理方法

传统电磁暂态仿真采用详细模型建模电压源型换流器(voltage source converter,VSC)并采用双插值法(double interpolation method,DIM)处理步长内的开关事件,由于详细模型的导纳阵时变,DIM算法流程复杂,在进行大电网仿真时严重影响计算效率。针对这一问题,应用半隐式延时解耦原理建模VSC,并对步长内开关事件的处理方法进行研究,通过对开关函数在步长内的占空比进行等值代替DIM,提高仿真效率。首先,从VSC状态方程出发,得到VSC解耦模型,实现换流器的并行计算,提高计算效率;其次,分析了不处理开关事件时累计误差的产生机理,并给出了计算时序和开关函数等值占空比的计算方法,保证仿真精度;最后,以PSCAD的仿真波形为基准,验证了所提方法的精度和有效性,讨论了所提方法的方法特点。

基于PSCAD/EMTDC的大规模新能源并网电磁暂态并行仿真

随着大规模新能源并网,大量电力电子元器件的接入使传统电网电磁暂态特性发生了很大改变,无论从算法还是计算规模上都对电网仿真提出了新要求。在PSCAD(电力系统计算机辅助设计)上搭建了含新能源接入的内蒙古电网电磁暂态模型,实现全网的电磁暂态精确仿真;基于集群并行仿真技术,解决了因计算规模过大导致无法计算或仿真效率低的问题;进一步提出了基于节点矩阵规模的网络均衡整合方法,减少了计算资源的占用率。仿真结果表明,集群并行技术可有效提升新能源并网电磁暂态模型的仿真效率;同时,在保证仿真速度的前提下创新研究的网络均衡整合方法,可实现计算资源的利用效率优化。