We demonstrate a simple method to measure electric field intensity by using doublet electromagnetically induced transparency(EIT) spectra of cold Rb Rydberg atoms, where the frequency of the coupling laser does not ne...We demonstrate a simple method to measure electric field intensity by using doublet electromagnetically induced transparency(EIT) spectra of cold Rb Rydberg atoms, where the frequency of the coupling laser does not need to be locked. Based on the Stark splitting of the Rb Rydberg state, 10D_(3/2), under electric fields and the corresponding calculated polarizabilities, the real electric field intensity is calculated using the difference in radio-frequency diffraction between two acousto-optic modulators, which acts as a frequency criterion that allows us to measure the electrical field without locking the coupling laser. The value measured by this simple method shows a good agreement with our previous work [Opt.Express 29 1558(2021)] where the frequency of the coupling laser needs to be locked with an additional EIT spectrum based on atom vapor and a proportional–integral–differential feedback circuit. Our presented method can also be extended to the measurement of electric field based on hot Rydberg atom vapor, which has application in industry.展开更多
We utilize an electromagnetically induced transparency(EIT) of a three-level cascade system involving Rydberg state in a room-temperature cell, formed with a cesium 6 S_(1/2)–6 P_(3/2)–66 S_(1/2) scheme, to investig...We utilize an electromagnetically induced transparency(EIT) of a three-level cascade system involving Rydberg state in a room-temperature cell, formed with a cesium 6 S_(1/2)–6 P_(3/2)–66 S_(1/2) scheme, to investigate the Autler–Townes(AT)splitting resulting from a 15.21-GHz radio-frequency(RF) field that couples the |66 S_(1/2) → |65 P_(1/2) Rydberg transition.The radio-frequency electric field induced AT splitting, γAT, is defined as the peak-to-peak distance of an EIT-AT spectrum.The dependence of AT splitting γAT on the probe and coupling Rabi frequency, ?_p and ?_c, is investigated. It is found that the EIT-AT splitting strongly depends on the EIT linewidth that is related to the probe and coupling Rabi frequency in a weak RF-field regime. Using a narrow linewidth EIT spectrum would decrease the uncertainty of the RF field measurements.This work provides new experimental evidence for the theoretical framework in [J. Appl. Phys. 121, 233106(2017)].展开更多
The strength of microwave(MW)electric field can be observed with high precision by using the standard electromagnetically induced transparency and Aulter–Towns(EIT-AT)technique,when its frequency is resonant or nearl...The strength of microwave(MW)electric field can be observed with high precision by using the standard electromagnetically induced transparency and Aulter–Towns(EIT-AT)technique,when its frequency is resonant or nearly-resonant with the Rydberg transition frequency.As the detuning of MW field increases,one of the transmission peaks(single peak)is easier to measure due to its increased amplitude.It can be found that the central symmetry point of the two transmission peaks f_(1/2)is only related to the detuning of MW field△_(MW)and central symmetry point f_(0)of resonant MW field,satisfying the relation f_(1/2)=△_(MW)/2+f_(0).Thus,we demonstrate a single transmission peak method that the MW E-field can be determined by interval between the position of single peak and f_(1/2).We use this method to measure continuous frequencies in a band from-200 MHz to 200 MHz of the MW field.The experimental results and theoretical analysis are presented to describe the effectiveness of this method.For 50 MHz<△_(MW)<200 MHz,this method solves the problem that the AT splitting cannot be measured by using the standard EIT-AT techniques or multiple atomic-level Rydberg atom schemes.展开更多
The geometry effect of a vapor cell on the metrology of a microwave electric field is investigated. Based on the splitting of the electromagnetically induced transparency spectra of cesium Rydberg atoms in a vapor cel...The geometry effect of a vapor cell on the metrology of a microwave electric field is investigated. Based on the splitting of the electromagnetically induced transparency spectra of cesium Rydberg atoms in a vapor cell, high-resolution spatial distribution of the microwave electric field strength is achieved for both a cubic cell and a cylinder cell. The spatial distribution of the microwave field strength in two dimensions is measured with sub-wavelength resolution. The experimental results show that the shape of a vapor cell has a significant influence on the abnormal spatial distribution because of the Fabry-P6rot effect inside a vapor cell. A theoretical simulation is obtained for different vapor cell wall thicknesses and shows that a restricted wall thickness results in a measurement fluctuation smaller than 3% at the center of the vapor cell.展开更多
The radio-frequency modulated electromagnetically induced transparency(EIT) in a ladder three-level system with Rydberg state is studied. Under the influence of a fast radio-frequency field, the EIT peak splits into a...The radio-frequency modulated electromagnetically induced transparency(EIT) in a ladder three-level system with Rydberg state is studied. Under the influence of a fast radio-frequency field, the EIT peak splits into a series of sidebands.When attaching a power-frequency electric field directly to the fast radio-frequency field, the odd-order sidebands of the Rydberg-EIT oscillate sensitively with the power-frequency field. The oscillation frequency is equal to twice the power frequency;the oscillation amplitude is monotonically increasing with the amplitude of the power-frequency field when the change of Stark-shift is smaller than the radio frequency. Our work paves the way for measurement of power-frequency electric field based on Rydberg atoms.展开更多
We present a precise measurement of a weak radio frequency electric field with a frequency of ■3 GHz employing a resonant atomic probe that is constituted with a Rydberg cascade three-level atom, including a cesium g...We present a precise measurement of a weak radio frequency electric field with a frequency of ■3 GHz employing a resonant atomic probe that is constituted with a Rydberg cascade three-level atom, including a cesium ground state |6S(1/2)〉,an excited state |6P(3/2)〉, and Rydberg state |nD(5/2)〉. Two radio frequency(RF) electric fields, noted as local and signal fields, couple the nearby Rydberg transition. The two-photon resonant Rydberg electromagnetically induced transparency(Rydberg-EIT) is employed to directly read out the weak signal field having hundreds of k Hz difference between the local and signal fields that is encoded in the resonant microwave-dressed Rydberg atoms. The minimum detectable signal fields of ESmin= 1.36 ± 0.04 mV/m for 2.18 GHz coupling |68D(5/2)〉→ |69P(3/2)〉 transition and 1.33 ± 0.02 mV/m for 1.32 GHz coupling |80D(5/2)〉→ |81P(3/2)〉 transition are obtained, respectively. The bandwidth dependence is also investigated by varying the signal field frequency and corresponding -3 dB bandwidth of 3 MHz is attained. This method can be employed to perform a rapid and precise measurement of the weak electric field, which is important for the atom-based microwave metrology.展开更多
概述了基于里德堡原子的电场传感技术的基本原理,分析了里德堡原子电场测量具有的高灵敏度、宽频、可溯源至国际单位制(International System of Units,SI)、高空间分辨力等优势。讨论了激光参数、探测器噪声、环境电磁场干扰等因素对...概述了基于里德堡原子的电场传感技术的基本原理,分析了里德堡原子电场测量具有的高灵敏度、宽频、可溯源至国际单位制(International System of Units,SI)、高空间分辨力等优势。讨论了激光参数、探测器噪声、环境电磁场干扰等因素对里德堡原子场强测量灵敏度与测量频率响应带宽的影响,介绍了频率调制、重泵浦、参数优化等提高场强测量灵敏度的方式,并阐述了单辅助场原子外差法、双辅助五能级外差法等提升测量频率响应带宽的方法。探讨了里德堡原子电场传感技术在计量、通信、雷达、成像等方面的应用情况,指出应通过优化原子气室结构、设计高性能光电探测器、提升光学腔性能等方式进一步提高里德堡原子电场测量灵敏度;应深入研究里德堡原子电场测量的不确定度来源,并对里德堡原子传感器进行全面的测试和表征;应开展里德堡原子电场测量相关装置的小型化、工程化设计研究,从而进一步提升里德堡原子电场测量技术的实际应用性能。展开更多
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 12034012, 12074231, 12274272, and 61827824)Science and technology innovation plan of colleges and universities in Shanxi Province (Grant No. 2021L313)+2 种基金Science and Technology Project of State Grid (Grant No. 5700-202127198A-0-0-00)Fundamental Research Program of Shanxi Province (Grant No. 202203021222204)Taiyuan University of Science and Technology Scientific Research Initial Funding (Grant Nos. 20222008 and 20222132)。
文摘We demonstrate a simple method to measure electric field intensity by using doublet electromagnetically induced transparency(EIT) spectra of cold Rb Rydberg atoms, where the frequency of the coupling laser does not need to be locked. Based on the Stark splitting of the Rb Rydberg state, 10D_(3/2), under electric fields and the corresponding calculated polarizabilities, the real electric field intensity is calculated using the difference in radio-frequency diffraction between two acousto-optic modulators, which acts as a frequency criterion that allows us to measure the electrical field without locking the coupling laser. The value measured by this simple method shows a good agreement with our previous work [Opt.Express 29 1558(2021)] where the frequency of the coupling laser needs to be locked with an additional EIT spectrum based on atom vapor and a proportional–integral–differential feedback circuit. Our presented method can also be extended to the measurement of electric field based on hot Rydberg atom vapor, which has application in industry.
基金Project supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2017YFA0304203)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.61475090,61675123,61775124,and 11804202)+1 种基金the State Key Program of National Natural Science of China(Grant Nos.11434007 and61835007)the Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University of Ministry of Education of China(Grant No.IRT13076)
文摘We utilize an electromagnetically induced transparency(EIT) of a three-level cascade system involving Rydberg state in a room-temperature cell, formed with a cesium 6 S_(1/2)–6 P_(3/2)–66 S_(1/2) scheme, to investigate the Autler–Townes(AT)splitting resulting from a 15.21-GHz radio-frequency(RF) field that couples the |66 S_(1/2) → |65 P_(1/2) Rydberg transition.The radio-frequency electric field induced AT splitting, γAT, is defined as the peak-to-peak distance of an EIT-AT spectrum.The dependence of AT splitting γAT on the probe and coupling Rabi frequency, ?_p and ?_c, is investigated. It is found that the EIT-AT splitting strongly depends on the EIT linewidth that is related to the probe and coupling Rabi frequency in a weak RF-field regime. Using a narrow linewidth EIT spectrum would decrease the uncertainty of the RF field measurements.This work provides new experimental evidence for the theoretical framework in [J. Appl. Phys. 121, 233106(2017)].
基金Project supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2021YFF0603704)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.62071443)。
文摘The strength of microwave(MW)electric field can be observed with high precision by using the standard electromagnetically induced transparency and Aulter–Towns(EIT-AT)technique,when its frequency is resonant or nearly-resonant with the Rydberg transition frequency.As the detuning of MW field increases,one of the transmission peaks(single peak)is easier to measure due to its increased amplitude.It can be found that the central symmetry point of the two transmission peaks f_(1/2)is only related to the detuning of MW field△_(MW)and central symmetry point f_(0)of resonant MW field,satisfying the relation f_(1/2)=△_(MW)/2+f_(0).Thus,we demonstrate a single transmission peak method that the MW E-field can be determined by interval between the position of single peak and f_(1/2).We use this method to measure continuous frequencies in a band from-200 MHz to 200 MHz of the MW field.The experimental results and theoretical analysis are presented to describe the effectiveness of this method.For 50 MHz<△_(MW)<200 MHz,this method solves the problem that the AT splitting cannot be measured by using the standard EIT-AT techniques or multiple atomic-level Rydberg atom schemes.
基金Project supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant Nos.2017YFA03044200 and 2016YFF0200104)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.91536110,61505099,and 61378013)the Fund for Shanxi“331 Project”Key Subjects Construction,China
文摘The geometry effect of a vapor cell on the metrology of a microwave electric field is investigated. Based on the splitting of the electromagnetically induced transparency spectra of cesium Rydberg atoms in a vapor cell, high-resolution spatial distribution of the microwave electric field strength is achieved for both a cubic cell and a cylinder cell. The spatial distribution of the microwave field strength in two dimensions is measured with sub-wavelength resolution. The experimental results show that the shape of a vapor cell has a significant influence on the abnormal spatial distribution because of the Fabry-P6rot effect inside a vapor cell. A theoretical simulation is obtained for different vapor cell wall thicknesses and shows that a restricted wall thickness results in a measurement fluctuation smaller than 3% at the center of the vapor cell.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 12274045)the Special Foundation for Theoretical Physics Research Program of China (Grant No. 11647165)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation Funded Project (Grant No. 2020M673118)。
文摘The radio-frequency modulated electromagnetically induced transparency(EIT) in a ladder three-level system with Rydberg state is studied. Under the influence of a fast radio-frequency field, the EIT peak splits into a series of sidebands.When attaching a power-frequency electric field directly to the fast radio-frequency field, the odd-order sidebands of the Rydberg-EIT oscillate sensitively with the power-frequency field. The oscillation frequency is equal to twice the power frequency;the oscillation amplitude is monotonically increasing with the amplitude of the power-frequency field when the change of Stark-shift is smaller than the radio frequency. Our work paves the way for measurement of power-frequency electric field based on Rydberg atoms.
基金Project supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2017YFA0304203)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.61475090,61675123,61775124,and 11804202)+1 种基金the State Key Program of National Natural Science of China(Grant Nos.11434007 and 61835007)Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University of Ministry of Education of China(Grant No.IRT 17R70)。
文摘We present a precise measurement of a weak radio frequency electric field with a frequency of ■3 GHz employing a resonant atomic probe that is constituted with a Rydberg cascade three-level atom, including a cesium ground state |6S(1/2)〉,an excited state |6P(3/2)〉, and Rydberg state |nD(5/2)〉. Two radio frequency(RF) electric fields, noted as local and signal fields, couple the nearby Rydberg transition. The two-photon resonant Rydberg electromagnetically induced transparency(Rydberg-EIT) is employed to directly read out the weak signal field having hundreds of k Hz difference between the local and signal fields that is encoded in the resonant microwave-dressed Rydberg atoms. The minimum detectable signal fields of ESmin= 1.36 ± 0.04 mV/m for 2.18 GHz coupling |68D(5/2)〉→ |69P(3/2)〉 transition and 1.33 ± 0.02 mV/m for 1.32 GHz coupling |80D(5/2)〉→ |81P(3/2)〉 transition are obtained, respectively. The bandwidth dependence is also investigated by varying the signal field frequency and corresponding -3 dB bandwidth of 3 MHz is attained. This method can be employed to perform a rapid and precise measurement of the weak electric field, which is important for the atom-based microwave metrology.
文摘概述了基于里德堡原子的电场传感技术的基本原理,分析了里德堡原子电场测量具有的高灵敏度、宽频、可溯源至国际单位制(International System of Units,SI)、高空间分辨力等优势。讨论了激光参数、探测器噪声、环境电磁场干扰等因素对里德堡原子场强测量灵敏度与测量频率响应带宽的影响,介绍了频率调制、重泵浦、参数优化等提高场强测量灵敏度的方式,并阐述了单辅助场原子外差法、双辅助五能级外差法等提升测量频率响应带宽的方法。探讨了里德堡原子电场传感技术在计量、通信、雷达、成像等方面的应用情况,指出应通过优化原子气室结构、设计高性能光电探测器、提升光学腔性能等方式进一步提高里德堡原子电场测量灵敏度;应深入研究里德堡原子电场测量的不确定度来源,并对里德堡原子传感器进行全面的测试和表征;应开展里德堡原子电场测量相关装置的小型化、工程化设计研究,从而进一步提升里德堡原子电场测量技术的实际应用性能。
