ISCAD - Design, Control and Car Integration of a 48 Volt High Performance Drive

Through its new technology the ISCAD system provides up to 300 kW with a safe-to-touch 48 Volt battery.This results in a high-performance drive that is intrinsically electrically safe.The novel machine design requires new concepts for power electronics,control systems,and integration strategies.Further degrees of freedom yield to challenges and even more important to possibilities for all kinds of applications.The innovation of the design will be explained and adjustments for power electronics and control will be worked out.The focus of this paper is the 3rd generation of Intelligent Stator Cage Drive(ISCAD)prototypes.This first integrated and compact prototype has been used to re-equip a Geely Emgrand EV.The entire system and the mentioned process are described in detail.In addition,the in-house designed 48 V battery is highlighted.Simulations and measurements give an overall demonstration of the potential and the current status of the drive.

The rationality of low carbon technologies

Combustion of fossil fuels increases permanently the carbon content of the fast carbon cycle consisting of atmos-phere, land and surface ocean. The carbon residence times in these reservoirs are relatively low in the order of some years. Howev-er, the carbon residence time in the whole fast cycle is in the order of 2,000 years. This means the final storage problem of fossil en-ergy use is in the same order as that of nuclear energy use.There are two other main driving forces for a continuous decarbonisation of the world energy system. The first one is the short-ening of raw materials, an the second one is the greenhous gas effect of carbon dioxide with the risk of climate change. Based on the "molecular fingerprints" of various fossil fuels a new quantity, the "energetic carbon efficiency" can be derived. This quantity fa-vours methane (natural gas) more than any other fossil fuel. E. g. , methane is two times more efficient than lignite or hard coal. Therefore, the future role of this energy carrier will be discussed more in detail.Carbon capture and storage (CCS) is not a convincing concept and therefore it cannot be considered as a responsible excuse for new coal fired power stations. A reasonable way out may be the carbon moratorium. This means a thermal splitting of methane into carbon and hydrogen. Only the hydrogen is used as a fuel whereas the carbon is deposited in the earth, because storage of carbon is much safer than storage of carbon dioxide.Very often biofuels are considered as a sustainable option. Critical arguments are presented against the meander of biofuels. Negative climate implications and very low efficiencies are serious arguments against these technolgies. Even the fashionable new hope for bioenergy from algea farms has no rational fundamentA long-time sustainable energy system requires not only low carbon but zero carbon technologies. This means solar energy in all kinds of its appearance (water power, wind, solar heat and photovoltaics). However these kinds of energy require new energy stor-age technologies. Various storage technologies will be discussed with a special focus on electrochemical batteries and electromobility. All of these new energy technologies are not able to remove any carbon from the fast carbon cycle. Therefore, some prominent con-cepts of climate engineering will be introduced.

Public Charging Infrastructure in Germany–A Utilization and Profitability Analysis

The current increase in the number of electric vehicles in Germany requires an adequately developed charging infrastructure.Large numbers of public and semi-public charging stations are necessary to ensure sufficient coverage of charging options.In order to make the installation worthwhile for the mostly private operators as well as public ones,a sufficient utilization is decisive.This paper gives an overview of the differences in the utilization across the public charging infrastructure in Germany.To this end,a dataset on the utilization of 21164 public and semi-public charging stations in Germany is evaluated.The installation and operating costs of various charging stations are modeled and economically evaluated in combination with the utilization data.It is shown that in 2019-2020,the average utilization in Germany was rather low,albeit with striking regional differences.We consider future scenarios allowing the regional development forecasting of economic viability.It is demonstrated that a growth in electric mobility of 20%-30%per year leads to a large number of economically feasible charging parks in urban agglomeration areas.