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Generalized Electron Balance for Dynamic Redox Systems in Mixed-Solvent Media
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作者 Anna Maria Michalowska-Kaczmarczyk Tadeusz Michalowski 《Journal of Analytical Sciences, Methods and Instrumentation》 2014年第4期102-109,共8页
A complex example of electrolytic redox system involving 47 species, 3 electron-active elements and five (3 am-phiprotic + 2 aprotic) co-solvents, is presented. Mixed solvates of the species thus formed are admitted i... A complex example of electrolytic redox system involving 47 species, 3 electron-active elements and five (3 am-phiprotic + 2 aprotic) co-solvents, is presented. Mixed solvates of the species thus formed are admitted in the system considered. It is proved that the Generalized Electron Balance (GEB) in its simplest form obtained according to the Approach II to GEB is identical with the one obtained for aqueous media and binary-solvent system, and is equivalent to the Approach I to GEB. 展开更多
关键词 Electrolytic Redox Systems Generalized electron balance Mixed-Solvent Media
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Disproportionation Reactions of HIO and NaIO in Static and Dynamic Systems
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作者 Marcin Toporek Anna Maria Michalowska-Kaczmarczyk Tadeusz Michalowski 《American Journal of Analytical Chemistry》 2014年第15期1046-1056,共11页
The paper refers to disproportionation of HIO and NaIO in aqueous media, in static and dynamic systems. The results of calculations, realized according to GATES/GEB principles, with use of an iterative computer progra... The paper refers to disproportionation of HIO and NaIO in aqueous media, in static and dynamic systems. The results of calculations, realized according to GATES/GEB principles, with use of an iterative computer program, are presented graphically. An example of the computer program with all physicochemical knowledge involved in the related algorithm is attached herewith. 展开更多
关键词 DISPROPORTIONATION Generalized Approach to Electrolytic Systems Generalized electron balance HIO NaIO
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Formulation of Titration Curves for Some Redox Systems
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作者 Anna MMichalowska-Kaczmarczyk Maciej Rymanowski +2 位作者 Agustin GAsuero Marcin Toporek Tadeusz Michalowski 《American Journal of Analytical Chemistry》 2014年第13期861-878,共18页
The formalism realised according to the Generalised Approach to Electrolytic Systems (GATES) is presented and applied to typical redox systems known from the laboratory practice. In any redox system, the Generalized E... The formalism realised according to the Generalised Approach to Electrolytic Systems (GATES) is presented and applied to typical redox systems known from the laboratory practice. In any redox system, the Generalized Electron Balance (GEB), perceived as the law of the matter conservation, is derivable from linear combination 2·f(O) – f(H) of elemental balances: f(O) for oxygen and f(H) for hydrogen. It is an equation linearly independent from other (charge and concentration) balances referred to an electrolytic redox system (aqueous media) of any degree of complexity, and named as the primary form of GEB and then denoted as pr-GEB. A compact equation for GEB is obtained from linear combination of 2·f(O) – f(H) with other (charge and concentration) balances. For a non-redox electrolytic system, of any degree of complexity, the balance 2·f(O) – f(H) is not an independent equation. In the derivation of GEB, all known components (species) of the system tested, taken in their real (i.e., hydrated) form, are involved in the balances, and none simplifying assumptions are needed. The redox systems are simulated with use of an iterative computer program. 展开更多
关键词 Solution Thermodynamics Generalized Approach To Electrolytic Systems Generalized electron balance Redox Titration
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Compact Formulation of Redox Systems According to GATES/GEB Principles
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作者 Anna Maria Michalowska-Kaczmarczyk Tadeusz Michalowski 《Journal of Analytical Sciences, Methods and Instrumentation》 2014年第2期39-45,共7页
The Generalized Electron Balance (GEB), together with charge balance and concentration balances, completes the set of equations needed for resolution of electrolytic redox systems. The general formulae for GEB were ob... The Generalized Electron Balance (GEB), together with charge balance and concentration balances, completes the set of equations needed for resolution of electrolytic redox systems. The general formulae for GEB were obtained according to Approach II to GEB, i.e., on the basis of the equation 2?f(O) ? f(H) obtained from elemental balances: f(H) for H, and f(O) for O. Equivalency of the Approach II and the Approach I to GEB was proved for an aqueous solution and a binary-solvent system. On this basis, a compact form of GEB was derived. 展开更多
关键词 Electrolytic Redox Systems Generalized electron balance
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Dependence of Performance of Organic Light-emitting Devices on Sheet Resistance of Indium-tin-oxide Anodes 被引量:2
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作者 ZHOU Liang ZHANG Hong-jie YU Jiang-bo MENG Qing-guo PENG Chun-yun LIU Feng-yi DENG Rui-ping PENG Ze-ping LI Zhe-feng 《Chemical Research in Chinese Universities》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2006年第4期427-431,共5页
The dependence of the performance of organic light-emitting devices(OLEDs) on the sheet resistance of indiumtin-oxide(ITO) anodes was investigated by measuring the steady state current density brightness voltage c... The dependence of the performance of organic light-emitting devices(OLEDs) on the sheet resistance of indiumtin-oxide(ITO) anodes was investigated by measuring the steady state current density brightness voltage characteristics and the electroluminescent spectra. The device with a higher sheet resistance anode shows a lower current density, a lower brightness level, and a higher operation voltage. The electroluminescence(EL) efficiencies of the devices with the same structure but different ITO anodes show more complicated differences. Furthermore, the shift of the light-emitting zone toward the anode was found when an anode with a higher sheet resistance was used. These performance differences are discussed and attributed to the reduction of hole injection and the increase in voltage drop over ITO anode with the increase in sheet resistance. 展开更多
关键词 Organic light-emitting device(OLED) Indium-tin-oxide(ITO) Sheet resistance balance of holes and electrons
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Measurement and analyses of the mean effective ion charge in the centre of tokamak discharges
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作者 郑永真 丁玄同 周艳 《Chinese Physics B》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2007年第4期1084-1088,共5页
There are two different definitions for specifying the mean effective ion charge Zeff in plasmas: a) from the Spizer electrical resistivity of the plasma and b) from bremsstrahlung radiation losses of the plasma. I... There are two different definitions for specifying the mean effective ion charge Zeff in plasmas: a) from the Spizer electrical resistivity of the plasma and b) from bremsstrahlung radiation losses of the plasma. In this paper Zeff in the centre of tokamak ohmic discharges has been determined from information on sawtooth-relaxations of the steady state plasma, based on the analysis for the power balance of the plasma electrons in the plasma centre during the period of recovery after the sawtooth crashes. This method is found to supply reliable results for tokamak parameters. While its application requires some efforts in data analysis, it can provide a reliable determination of Zeff, independent of the information from bremsstrahlung radiation losses of the plasma. 展开更多
关键词 mean effective ion charge sawtooth relaxation oower balance of plasma electrons
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