The pair correlation energy of bonding electrons is used and analyzed in the cal- culation of CH and CY (Y = F, O, N) bonding electron pairs in CH3X (X = F, OH, NH2) isoelec- tronic systems based on intra- and interpa...The pair correlation energy of bonding electrons is used and analyzed in the cal- culation of CH and CY (Y = F, O, N) bonding electron pairs in CH3X (X = F, OH, NH2) isoelec- tronic systems based on intra- and interpair correlation energy results at both MP2-OPT2/6- 311++G(d) and MP2-OPT2/cc-pVtz levels with MELD program. Comparison of two set results shows that cc-pVtz and 6-311++G(d) give more correlation energy of valence electrons and innermost core electron pairs, respectively in these systems, resulting that the total correlation energy with cc-pVtz basis of each system is larger than that with 6-311++G(d). Investigations of pair correlation energy show that with the decrease of electronegativity of X atom and the increase of H atoms in these CH3X (X = F, OH, NH2) systems, the pair correlation energy of 1sC2 of the C atoms is transferable, and the correlation energy of CH bonding electron pair with little changes is of approximate transferability, while those of CY (CF, CO, CN) bonding electron pair decrease in a large extent from CH3F through CH3OH to CH3NH2 molecules. It is suggested that the study of pair correlation energy of bonding electrons will further deepen the understanding of electron corre- lation effect from traditional chemical bonding concept.展开更多
在在欠阻尼的案例中的一台超导的连接设备的电子对的运输被调查。连接的电容能减缓电子对的运动并且减少网电压,这被显示出。它也被看那,为欠阻尼的案例并且过去抑制大小写,在这台超导的连接设备的电子对的运动有一些类似的特征。由...在在欠阻尼的案例中的一台超导的连接设备的电子对的运输被调查。连接的电容能减缓电子对的运动并且减少网电压,这被显示出。它也被看那,为欠阻尼的案例并且过去抑制大小写,在这台超导的连接设备的电子对的运动有一些类似的特征。由控制在添加剂和趋于增加的噪音之间的关联,流动能被颠倒。另外,如果添加剂噪音力量(或温度 T ) 足够大,颠倒能也被导致。展开更多
The wave equation for two electrons in an external Coulomb field (helium-like atoms) has been shown to be a problem in a three-dimensional half-space. The wave-equation becomes quasi-separable in inertial coordinates....The wave equation for two electrons in an external Coulomb field (helium-like atoms) has been shown to be a problem in a three-dimensional half-space. The wave-equation becomes quasi-separable in inertial coordinates. This allows to work out the electron motion in the frame of principal inertia axes. We find that non-adiabatic coupling terms constitute a fictitious force and lead to a deformation of the static potential surface. Incoming and outgoing modes of electron pairs are studied in detail, and applied to the threshold ionization of hydrogen-like atoms by electrons. Our analysis confirms the classical work by Wannier. However, we go beyond Wannier and present bending and stretch vibrations of electron pairs. The bending vibration has no influence onto the total ionization cross-section. The pair formation below threshold destroys the existence of high double Rydberg resonances. Finally, we describe the propagation of an electron pair through a linear chain of Rydberg atoms.展开更多
Effect of linear chirp frequency on the process of electron–positron pairs production from vacuum is investigated by the computational quantum field theory.With appropriate chirp parameters,the number of electrons cr...Effect of linear chirp frequency on the process of electron–positron pairs production from vacuum is investigated by the computational quantum field theory.With appropriate chirp parameters,the number of electrons created under combined potential wells can be increased by two or three times.In the low frequency region,frequency modulation excites interference effect and multiphoton processes,which promotes the generation of electron–positron pairs.In the high frequency region,high frequency suppression inhibits the generation of electron–positron pairs.In addition,for a single potential well,the number of created electron–positron pairs can be enhanced by several orders of magnitude in the low frequency region.展开更多
By using the first-principles calculations, the electronic properties of graphene nanoribbon (GNR) doped by boron/nitrogen (B/N) bonded pair are investigated. It is found that B/N bonded pair tends to be doped at ...By using the first-principles calculations, the electronic properties of graphene nanoribbon (GNR) doped by boron/nitrogen (B/N) bonded pair are investigated. It is found that B/N bonded pair tends to be doped at the edges of GNR and B/N pair doping in GNR is easier to carry out than single B doping and unbonded B/N co-doping in GNR. The electronic structure of GNR doped by B/N pair is very sensitive to doping site besides the ribbon width and chirality. Moreover, B/N pair doping can selectively adjust the energy gap of armchair GNR and can induce the semimetal-semiconductor transmission for zigzag GNR. This fact may lead to a possible method for energy band engineering of GNRs and benefit the design of graphene electronic device.展开更多
The photochemical reaction of methylene blue (n-butyltriphenyl) borate, MBRBPh3 was examined. The ultrafast quenching rate and large negative value of Delta G indicated that the intra-ion pair ET plays an important ro...The photochemical reaction of methylene blue (n-butyltriphenyl) borate, MBRBPh3 was examined. The ultrafast quenching rate and large negative value of Delta G indicated that the intra-ion pair ET plays an important role in photoreaction of MBRBPh3. The sequent boron- carbon bond cleavage of butyltriphenylboranyl radical intermediate was found by GC-MS and photo-CIDNP studies.展开更多
The present paper covers electronic structures and spectra of the bases and the base pairs of nucleic acids calculated by using the INDO/S method. For free bases we give the energy levels of ground states and transiti...The present paper covers electronic structures and spectra of the bases and the base pairs of nucleic acids calculated by using the INDO/S method. For free bases we give the energy levels of ground states and transition energies of low-lying excited states and discuss the band characters. The results indicate that the calculated spectra are in good agreement with experimental values. On the other hand, our calculations for A-T and G-C pairs are very beneficial to understanding hydrogen bond properties of these pairs.展开更多
This is a rotating charge loop model of an electron which explains the electron’s de Broglie base frequency to an accuracy of over 6 decimal places. The model also predicts the magnetic moment of the electron to over...This is a rotating charge loop model of an electron which explains the electron’s de Broglie base frequency to an accuracy of over 6 decimal places. The model also predicts the magnetic moment of the electron to over 6 decimal places and helps explain the transition from a purely electromagnetic photon to a fermion state of matter. The model also explains how charge and spin are conserved in the transition. Finally, this concept might be extended to explain the muon and tau higher energy states of the electron as well.展开更多
We analyze the line data from solar flares to present evidence for the emission spectrum of the recently discussed electron-proton pairs at high temperatures. We also point out that since the pairing phenomenon provid...We analyze the line data from solar flares to present evidence for the emission spectrum of the recently discussed electron-proton pairs at high temperatures. We also point out that since the pairing phenomenon provides an additional source for these lines—the conventional source being the highly ionized high-Z atoms already existing in the solar atmosphere, we have a plausible explanation of the FIP effect.展开更多
It is shown that the approximation of a strong Coulomb interaction between electrons results in a new model of the atom with a spatial quantization of electrons accompanied by their quantization in energy. This model ...It is shown that the approximation of a strong Coulomb interaction between electrons results in a new model of the atom with a spatial quantization of electrons accompanied by their quantization in energy. This model implies that electrons rotate in circular orbits centered outside the atomic nucleus and only orbit axes pass through it. The Coulomb interaction between electrons leads to a spherically symmetric distribution of their orbits on the surfaces of equipotential spheres of a spherically symmetric electrostatic field of the nucleus. The distribution is similar to “inscribing” electron orbits into faces of regular nucleus-centered polyhedra so each polyhedron corresponds to a certain electron state (s, p, d, f), and a certain set of polyhedra corresponds to a certain period of the Mendeleev Table. It is shown that a spherically symmetric distribution of electron orbits gives rise to the formation of electron pairs in which electron orbits with a common axis are located symmetrically with respect to the nucleus and the orbital magnetic moments of the electrons are oppositely directed. The physical meaning of the electron spin concept becomes clear. The spin turns out to be related to the orbital magnetic moment of an electron and reflects the fact that two electrons of a pair rotate in opposite directions relative to their common axis. So the spin is one of characteristics of the electron state in the atom associated with electron rotation in the orbit centered outside the nucleus. The atomic model gives an insight into the periodicity of changes in the atomic properties with increasing nuclear charge and the reasons for an electron double energy quantization associated with different states and periods. The model shows that the atomic structure and properties can be explained by using concepts of classical mechanics and classical electrodynamics which regard the electron as a particle.展开更多
Model of hole-pairs in electrical transport along ab plane in cuprate superconductors has already been proposed. It has been found to be in the shape of 3dx2–y2 orbital of an electron in an atom. This time, model of ...Model of hole-pairs in electrical transport along ab plane in cuprate superconductors has already been proposed. It has been found to be in the shape of 3dx2–y2 orbital of an electron in an atom. This time, model of hole-pairs in transport along c-axis in cuprate superconductors is proposed. In ab-plane, hole-pairs are formed along CuO2 plane;one hole-pair covering 9 - 10 two dimensional CuO2 unit cells in 3dx2–y2 configuration. In the investigation of c-axis hole-pairs, cuprate superconductors have been sub-divided into three categories depending on the number of CuO2 planes/formula unit. There is a little different treatment for finding out the order parameter in each category. Coherence lengths along ab-planes are of the order of a few tens of Angstroms, whereas along c-axis, they are less than even their a-, b-lattice constants. In cuprates with 2 or 3 CuO2 planes, the order parameter is of 3dz2–x2 type in zx-plane with lobes along both the axes much constrained. For cuprates with a single CuO2 layer, the order parameter is of 3dx2–y2 type, but its dimensions are less than a-, b-lattice constants.展开更多
The dynamical effects on electron-positron pair creation from a vacuum caused by the switching processes of a super- critical well potential are investigated in detail. The results show that only when the switching on...The dynamical effects on electron-positron pair creation from a vacuum caused by the switching processes of a super- critical well potential are investigated in detail. The results show that only when the switching on and switching off time both increase will the final pair yield converge to the integer of embedded bound states nearly exponentially. But a single adiabatic switching on or switching off cannot lead to an integer pair yield. If the potential is turned on abruptly, associated with the discrete and embedded bound states, there is multi-frequency oscillation around the pair number's saturation. The slowly switching on can suppress the amplitude of this oscillation and reduce the final pair yield. The switching off can also reduce the final pair number in the same order of magnitude. The evolution of a single-pair number shows a robust long range correlation between particle and antiparticle. For an adiabatic switching case, the single-pair dominates the early pair creation, their upper limit value is equal to the integer, and these single-pairs will totally disentangle during the switching off.展开更多
A theoretical and numerical model of photon and electron–positron pair production in strong-field quantum electrodynamics(QED) is described. Two processes are contained in our QED theoretical model, one is photon e...A theoretical and numerical model of photon and electron–positron pair production in strong-field quantum electrodynamics(QED) is described. Two processes are contained in our QED theoretical model, one is photon emission in the interaction of ultra-intense laser with relativistic electron(or positron), and the other is pair production by a gamma-ray photon interacting with the laser field.This model has been included in a PIC/MCC simulation code named BUMBLEBEE 1 D, which is used to simulate the laser plasma interaction. Using this code, the evolutions of electron–positron pair and gamma-ray photon production in ultra-intense laser interaction with aluminum foil target are simulated and analyzed. The simulation results revealed that more positrons are moved in the opposite direction to the incident direction of the laser under the charge separation field.展开更多
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 20173027 and No. 29873023)
文摘The pair correlation energy of bonding electrons is used and analyzed in the cal- culation of CH and CY (Y = F, O, N) bonding electron pairs in CH3X (X = F, OH, NH2) isoelec- tronic systems based on intra- and interpair correlation energy results at both MP2-OPT2/6- 311++G(d) and MP2-OPT2/cc-pVtz levels with MELD program. Comparison of two set results shows that cc-pVtz and 6-311++G(d) give more correlation energy of valence electrons and innermost core electron pairs, respectively in these systems, resulting that the total correlation energy with cc-pVtz basis of each system is larger than that with 6-311++G(d). Investigations of pair correlation energy show that with the decrease of electronegativity of X atom and the increase of H atoms in these CH3X (X = F, OH, NH2) systems, the pair correlation energy of 1sC2 of the C atoms is transferable, and the correlation energy of CH bonding electron pair with little changes is of approximate transferability, while those of CY (CF, CO, CN) bonding electron pair decrease in a large extent from CH3F through CH3OH to CH3NH2 molecules. It is suggested that the study of pair correlation energy of bonding electrons will further deepen the understanding of electron corre- lation effect from traditional chemical bonding concept.
基金The project supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No. 10375009
文摘在在欠阻尼的案例中的一台超导的连接设备的电子对的运输被调查。连接的电容能减缓电子对的运动并且减少网电压,这被显示出。它也被看那,为欠阻尼的案例并且过去抑制大小写,在这台超导的连接设备的电子对的运动有一些类似的特征。由控制在添加剂和趋于增加的噪音之间的关联,流动能被颠倒。另外,如果添加剂噪音力量(或温度 T ) 足够大,颠倒能也被导致。
基金The project supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No. 10375009, SRF for R0CS, SEM, and by K.C. Wong Magna Fund in Ningbo University of China
文摘The wave equation for two electrons in an external Coulomb field (helium-like atoms) has been shown to be a problem in a three-dimensional half-space. The wave-equation becomes quasi-separable in inertial coordinates. This allows to work out the electron motion in the frame of principal inertia axes. We find that non-adiabatic coupling terms constitute a fictitious force and lead to a deformation of the static potential surface. Incoming and outgoing modes of electron pairs are studied in detail, and applied to the threshold ionization of hydrogen-like atoms by electrons. Our analysis confirms the classical work by Wannier. However, we go beyond Wannier and present bending and stretch vibrations of electron pairs. The bending vibration has no influence onto the total ionization cross-section. The pair formation below threshold destroys the existence of high double Rydberg resonances. Finally, we describe the propagation of an electron pair through a linear chain of Rydberg atoms.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos.11635003,11025524,11161130520,11875007,and 12047513)the Reform and Development Project of Beijing Academy of Science and Technology (Grant Nos.13001-2110 and 13001-2114)。
文摘Effect of linear chirp frequency on the process of electron–positron pairs production from vacuum is investigated by the computational quantum field theory.With appropriate chirp parameters,the number of electrons created under combined potential wells can be increased by two or three times.In the low frequency region,frequency modulation excites interference effect and multiphoton processes,which promotes the generation of electron–positron pairs.In the high frequency region,high frequency suppression inhibits the generation of electron–positron pairs.In addition,for a single potential well,the number of created electron–positron pairs can be enhanced by several orders of magnitude in the low frequency region.
基金supported by the Science and Technology Program of Hunan Province,China (Grant No.2010DFJ411)the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province,China (Grant No.11JJ4001)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China (Grant No.201012200053)
文摘By using the first-principles calculations, the electronic properties of graphene nanoribbon (GNR) doped by boron/nitrogen (B/N) bonded pair are investigated. It is found that B/N bonded pair tends to be doped at the edges of GNR and B/N pair doping in GNR is easier to carry out than single B doping and unbonded B/N co-doping in GNR. The electronic structure of GNR doped by B/N pair is very sensitive to doping site besides the ribbon width and chirality. Moreover, B/N pair doping can selectively adjust the energy gap of armchair GNR and can induce the semimetal-semiconductor transmission for zigzag GNR. This fact may lead to a possible method for energy band engineering of GNRs and benefit the design of graphene electronic device.
文摘The photochemical reaction of methylene blue (n-butyltriphenyl) borate, MBRBPh3 was examined. The ultrafast quenching rate and large negative value of Delta G indicated that the intra-ion pair ET plays an important role in photoreaction of MBRBPh3. The sequent boron- carbon bond cleavage of butyltriphenylboranyl radical intermediate was found by GC-MS and photo-CIDNP studies.
文摘The present paper covers electronic structures and spectra of the bases and the base pairs of nucleic acids calculated by using the INDO/S method. For free bases we give the energy levels of ground states and transition energies of low-lying excited states and discuss the band characters. The results indicate that the calculated spectra are in good agreement with experimental values. On the other hand, our calculations for A-T and G-C pairs are very beneficial to understanding hydrogen bond properties of these pairs.
文摘This is a rotating charge loop model of an electron which explains the electron’s de Broglie base frequency to an accuracy of over 6 decimal places. The model also predicts the magnetic moment of the electron to over 6 decimal places and helps explain the transition from a purely electromagnetic photon to a fermion state of matter. The model also explains how charge and spin are conserved in the transition. Finally, this concept might be extended to explain the muon and tau higher energy states of the electron as well.
文摘We analyze the line data from solar flares to present evidence for the emission spectrum of the recently discussed electron-proton pairs at high temperatures. We also point out that since the pairing phenomenon provides an additional source for these lines—the conventional source being the highly ionized high-Z atoms already existing in the solar atmosphere, we have a plausible explanation of the FIP effect.
文摘It is shown that the approximation of a strong Coulomb interaction between electrons results in a new model of the atom with a spatial quantization of electrons accompanied by their quantization in energy. This model implies that electrons rotate in circular orbits centered outside the atomic nucleus and only orbit axes pass through it. The Coulomb interaction between electrons leads to a spherically symmetric distribution of their orbits on the surfaces of equipotential spheres of a spherically symmetric electrostatic field of the nucleus. The distribution is similar to “inscribing” electron orbits into faces of regular nucleus-centered polyhedra so each polyhedron corresponds to a certain electron state (s, p, d, f), and a certain set of polyhedra corresponds to a certain period of the Mendeleev Table. It is shown that a spherically symmetric distribution of electron orbits gives rise to the formation of electron pairs in which electron orbits with a common axis are located symmetrically with respect to the nucleus and the orbital magnetic moments of the electrons are oppositely directed. The physical meaning of the electron spin concept becomes clear. The spin turns out to be related to the orbital magnetic moment of an electron and reflects the fact that two electrons of a pair rotate in opposite directions relative to their common axis. So the spin is one of characteristics of the electron state in the atom associated with electron rotation in the orbit centered outside the nucleus. The atomic model gives an insight into the periodicity of changes in the atomic properties with increasing nuclear charge and the reasons for an electron double energy quantization associated with different states and periods. The model shows that the atomic structure and properties can be explained by using concepts of classical mechanics and classical electrodynamics which regard the electron as a particle.
文摘Model of hole-pairs in electrical transport along ab plane in cuprate superconductors has already been proposed. It has been found to be in the shape of 3dx2–y2 orbital of an electron in an atom. This time, model of hole-pairs in transport along c-axis in cuprate superconductors is proposed. In ab-plane, hole-pairs are formed along CuO2 plane;one hole-pair covering 9 - 10 two dimensional CuO2 unit cells in 3dx2–y2 configuration. In the investigation of c-axis hole-pairs, cuprate superconductors have been sub-divided into three categories depending on the number of CuO2 planes/formula unit. There is a little different treatment for finding out the order parameter in each category. Coherence lengths along ab-planes are of the order of a few tens of Angstroms, whereas along c-axis, they are less than even their a-, b-lattice constants. In cuprates with 2 or 3 CuO2 planes, the order parameter is of 3dz2–x2 type in zx-plane with lobes along both the axes much constrained. For cuprates with a single CuO2 layer, the order parameter is of 3dx2–y2 type, but its dimensions are less than a-, b-lattice constants.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11725417 and 11575027)NSAF(Grant No.U1730449)the Science Challenge Project(Grant No.TZ2018005)
文摘The dynamical effects on electron-positron pair creation from a vacuum caused by the switching processes of a super- critical well potential are investigated in detail. The results show that only when the switching on and switching off time both increase will the final pair yield converge to the integer of embedded bound states nearly exponentially. But a single adiabatic switching on or switching off cannot lead to an integer pair yield. If the potential is turned on abruptly, associated with the discrete and embedded bound states, there is multi-frequency oscillation around the pair number's saturation. The slowly switching on can suppress the amplitude of this oscillation and reduce the final pair yield. The switching off can also reduce the final pair number in the same order of magnitude. The evolution of a single-pair number shows a robust long range correlation between particle and antiparticle. For an adiabatic switching case, the single-pair dominates the early pair creation, their upper limit value is equal to the integer, and these single-pairs will totally disentangle during the switching off.
基金supported by Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant Nos.ZYGX2016J065 and ZYGX2016J066)
文摘A theoretical and numerical model of photon and electron–positron pair production in strong-field quantum electrodynamics(QED) is described. Two processes are contained in our QED theoretical model, one is photon emission in the interaction of ultra-intense laser with relativistic electron(or positron), and the other is pair production by a gamma-ray photon interacting with the laser field.This model has been included in a PIC/MCC simulation code named BUMBLEBEE 1 D, which is used to simulate the laser plasma interaction. Using this code, the evolutions of electron–positron pair and gamma-ray photon production in ultra-intense laser interaction with aluminum foil target are simulated and analyzed. The simulation results revealed that more positrons are moved in the opposite direction to the incident direction of the laser under the charge separation field.