Ion-Acoustic Shock Waves in Nonextensive Electron-Positron-Ion Plasma

A rigorous theoretical investigation is made of ion-acoustic shock structures in an unmagnetized three-component plasma whose constituents are nonextensive electrons, nonextensive positrons, and inertial ions. The Burgers equation is derived by employing the reductive perturbation method. The effects of electron and positron nonextensivity and ion kinematic viscosity on the properties of these ion-acoustic shock waves are briefly discussed. It is found that shock waves with positive and negative potentials are obtained to depend on the plasma parameters. The entailment of our results may be useful to understand some astrophysical and cosmological scenarios including stellar polytropes, hadronic matter and quark-gluon plasma, protoneutron stars, dark-matter halos, etc., where effects of nonextensivity can play significant roles.

Nonlinear ion-acoustic solitary waves in an electron-positron-ion plasma with relativistic positron beam

The propagation characteristics of nonlinear ion–acoustic（IA） solitary waves（SWs） are studied in thermal electron–positron–ion plasma considering the effect of relativistic positron beam. Starting from a set of fluid equations and using the reductive perturbation technique, we derive a Korteweg–de Vries（KdV） equation which governs the evolution of weakly nonlinear IA SWs in relativistic beam driven plasmas. The properties of the IA soliton are studied, and it is shown that the presence of relativistic positron beam significantly modifies the characteristics of IA solitons.

Non-Linear Ion-Acoustic Solitary Waves in Electron-Positron-Ion Plasma with Non-Thermal Electrons

Ion-acoustic solitary (IAS) waves in electron-positron-ion (e-p-i) plasma have been of interest to many researchers probably due to their relevance in understanding the Universe. However, the study of non-linear ion-acoustic waves in e-p-i plasma with non-thermal electrons has not been adequately studied. A theoretical investigation on non-linear IAS waves in e-p-i plasma comprising of warm inertial adiabatic fluid ions and electrons that are kappa distributed, and Boltzman distributed positron is presented here using the Sagdeev potential technique. It was found that existence domains of finite amplitude IAS waves were confined within the limits of minimum and maximum Mach numbers with varying k values. For lower values of k, the amplitude of the solitary electrostatic potential structures increased as the width decreased, while for high values, the potential amplitude decreased as the width of the solitary structure increased.

Cylindrical and Spherical Electron-Acoustic Shock Waves in Electron-Positron-Ion Plasmas with Nonextensive Electrons and Positrons

Electron-acoustic shock waves(EASWs) in an unmagnetized four-component plasma(containing hot electrons and positrons following the q-nonextensive distribution, cold mobile viscous electron fluid, and immobile positive ions) are studied in nonplanar(cylindrical and spherical) geometry. With the help of the reductive perturbation method,the modified Burgers equation is derived. Analytically, the effects of nonplanar geometry, nonextensivity, relative number density and temperature ratios, and cold electron kinematic viscosity on the basic properties(viz. amplitude, width,speed, etc.) of EASWs are discussed. It is examined that the EASWs in nonplanar geometry significantly differ from those in planar geometry. The results of this investigation can be helpful in understanding the nonlinear features of EASWs in various astrophysical plasmas.

强激光在非均匀磁化电子-正电子-离子等离子体中的传播

利用相对论双流体模型研究了左旋圆偏振强激光在非均匀磁化电子-正电子-离子(electron-positron-ion,EPI)等离子体中的传播.通过考虑相对论效应和有质动力效应,系统的控制方程简化为一个包含有磁场效应和密度非均匀效应的修正非线性薛定谔方程,并进一步研究了调制不稳定性.数值模拟结果表明:外磁场强度,正电子与负电子密度比值的增加以及等离子体密度非均匀性会增强激光束的聚焦和成丝,导致强烈的调制不稳定性和成丝不稳定性,并引起激光束与等离子体之间强烈的非线性相互作用,出现了许多非线性现象.

Ion acoustic shock and periodic waves through Burgers equation in weakly and highly relativistic plasmas with nonextensivity

A comparative study is carried out for the nonlinear propagation of ion acoustic shock waves both for the weakly and highly relativistic plasmas consisting of relativistic ions and qdistributed electrons and positions.The Burgers equation is derived to reveal the physical phenomena using the well known reductive perturbation technique.The integration of the Burgers equation is performed by the（G￠/G）-expansion method.The effects of positron concentration,ion–electron temperature ratio,electron–positron temperature ratio,ion viscosity coefficient,relativistic streaming factor and the strength of the electron and positron nonextensivity on the nonlinear propagation of ion acoustic shock and periodic waves are presented graphically and the relevant physical explanations are provided.

Solitary kinetic Alfven waves in dense plasmas with relativistic degenerate electrons and positrons

Propagation of solitary kinetic Alfven waves(KAWs)is investigated in small but finite/3(particle-to-magnetic pressure ratio)collisionless dense plasma whose constituents are non degenerate wann ions,and relativistic degenerate electrons and positrons.Through the use of reductive perturbation technique,Kortweg-de Vries equation is derived to obtain small amplitude localized wave solution of KAWs.The effects of plasma 0,positron concentration,electron relativistic degeneracy parameter,ion thermal temperature and obliqueness parameter on solitary KAWs are studied.The results of this theoretical investigation are aimed at elucidating characteristics of kinetic Alfven solitary waves in relativistic degenerate e-p-i plasmas found in dense astrophysical objects specifically neutron stars and white dwarfs.

Delicate scale multipeak and flat-top structures of solitary waves in multicomponent plasmas

Numerically the delicate scale multipeak structures of the electrostatic solitary waves are found for the three-component（electron-positron-ion,i.e.,EPI） plasmas.The complicated homoclinic phase portraits for this two-degree-of-freedom system are presented,which indicate that the system exhibits more abundant nonlinear phenomena.This finding is very useful to unveil the coherent dynamical behavior in laser-plasma interaction.It has an implication of electron acceleration by a laser with soliton wave mechanism.

征癌核医学仪器设备史例及最新发展:Siemens PET+XCT/PET+NMI诊断设备与三菱电机离子束治疗设备

1966-1976我国癌症与心脑血管病的第1次高发期催生了国产核医学仪器设备的研发。2010进入第2高发期。本文概略介绍我国核医学仪器设备早期研发设计制造案例,及国际最新发展。以品种齐全的德国Siemens为例,介绍核医学诊断仪器,以治疗人数最多的日本三菱电机为例,介绍离子束线治疗设备。

Dynamics of laser beams in inhomogeneous electron positron ion plasmas

Nonlinear interaction of laser and electron–positron–ion plasmas is investigated by invoking the variational principle and numerical simulation, in terms of a nonlinear Schrodinger equation with inhomogeneities effect. It is shown that the plasma inhomogeneity has great influence on the laser beam dynamics. The laser beam can be self-trapped, focused, or defocused depending on the inhomogeneity character. The linearly decreasing axial plasma density makes the laser beam defocus, while the linearly increasing axial plasma density results in self-trapping of the beam. The self-focusing of the trapped beam is found in a high-density region. For the Gaussian types of density distribution, the beam field submits nonlinearly oscillating regime. The results provide an efficient way to manipulate the dynamics of laser beam propagating in plasma.

Solitary kinetic Alfvén waves in a dense electron–positron–ion plasma with degenerate electrons and positrons

Through the use of a reductive perturbation technique, solitary kinetic Alfvén waves（KAWs） are investigated in a low but finite b（particle-to-magnetic pressure ratio） dense electron–positron–ion plasma where electrons and positrons are degenerate. The degenerate plasma model considered here permits the existence of sub-Alfvénic compressive solitary KAWs. The influence of r（equilibrium positron-to-ion density ratio）, sF（electron-to-positron Fermi temperature ratio）, b and obliqueness parameter lzon various characteristics of solitary KAWs are examined through numerical plots. We have shown that there exists a critical value of lzat which a soliton width attains its maximum value which decreases with an increase in r and sF.It is also found that solitons with a higher energy propagate more obliquely in the direction of an ambient magnetic field. The results of the present investigation may be useful for understanding low frequency nonlinear electromagnetic wave propagation in magnetized electron–positron–ion plasmas in dense stars. Specifically, the relevance of our investigation to a pulsar magnetosphere is emphasized.

Ion-Acoustic Shock Waves in Nonextensive Multi-Ion Plasmas

The nonlinear propagation of ion-acoustic(IA) shock waves(SHWs) in a nonextensive multi-ion plasma system(consisting of inertial positive light ions as well as negative heavy ions, noninertial nonextensive electrons and positrons) has been studied. The reductive perturbation technique has been employed to derive the Burgers equation.The basic properties(polarity, amplitude, width, etc.) of the IA SHWs are found to be significantly modified by the effects of nonextensivity of electrons and positrons, ion kinematic viscosity, temperature ratio of electrons and positrons, etc.It has been observed that SHWs with positive and negative potential are formed depending on the plasma parameters.The findings of our results obtained from this theoretical investigation may be useful in understanding the characteristics of IA SHWs both in laboratory and space plasmas.

价电子密度与Y123铜氧超导电性关系研究

通过X射线衍射、超导电性测试、氧含量变化、正电子湮没以及理论计算等方法,系统研究了金属离子掺杂的YBa2Cu3-x（Fe,Co,Al）xO7-δ（x=0.0~0.5）铜氧超导体的超导电性,为了比较也一并讨论了Zn掺杂样品的实验和理论结果。研究表明,超导转变温度Tc与样品中价电子密度无直接关联,与Hall实验揭示的Tc与空穴载流子浓度关系有同样结论,表明电声耦合机制在铜氧超导体中失效。因此,无论是空穴配对还是电子配对,仅仅是实现超导态的前提,并非其真正的决定因素。如果铜氧超导微观机制依然沿袭＂电声耦合＂理念很可能误入歧途。