Fuzzy Sliding Mode Control for the Vehicle Height and Leveling Adjustment System of an Electronic Air Suspension

The accurate control for the vehicle height and leveling adjustment system of an electronic air suspension(EAS) still is a challenging problem that has not been effectively solved in prior researches. This paper proposes a new adaptive controller to control the vehicle height and to adjust the roll and pitch angles of the vehicle body(leveling control) during the vehicle height adjustment procedures by an EAS system. A nonlinear mechanism model of the full?car vehicle height adjustment system is established to reflect the system dynamic behaviors and to derive the system optimal control law. To deal with the nonlinear characters in the vehicle height and leveling adjustment processes, the nonlinear system model is globally linearized through the state feedback method. On this basis, a fuzzy sliding mode controller(FSMC) is designed to improve the control accuracy of the vehicle height adjustment and to reduce the peak values of the roll and pitch angles of the vehicle body. To verify the effectiveness of the proposed control method more accurately, the full?car EAS system model programmed using AMESim is also given. Then, the co?simulation study of the FSMC performance can be conducted. Finally, actual vehicle tests are performed with a city bus, and the test results illustrate that the vehicle height adjustment performance is effectively guaranteed by the FSMC, and the peak values of the roll and pitch angles of the vehicle body during the vehicle height adjustment procedures are also reduced significantly. This research proposes an effective control methodology for the vehicle height and leveling adjustment system of an EAS, which provides a favorable control performance for the system.

A Hybrid Approach to Modeling and Control of Vehicle Height for Electronically Controlled Air Suspension

The control problems associated with vehicle height adjustment of electronically controlled air suspension （ECAS） still pose theoretical challenges for researchers, which manifest themselves in the publications on this subject over the last years. This paper deals with modeling and control of a vehicle height adjustment system for ECAS, which is an example of a hybrid dynamical system due to the coexistence and coupling of continuous variables and discrete events. A mixed logical dynamical （MLD） modeling approach is chosen for capturing enough details of the vehicle height adjustment process. The hybrid dynamic model is constructed on the basis of some assumptions and piecewise linear approximation for components nonlinearities. Then, the on-off statuses of solenoid valves and the piecewise approximation process are described by propositional logic, and the hybrid system is transformed into the set of linear mixed-integer equalities and inequalities, denoted as MLD model, automatically by HYSDEL. Using this model, a hybrid model predictive controller （HMPC） is tuned based on online mixed-integer quadratic optimization （MIQP）. Two different scenarios are considered in the simulation, whose results verify the height adjustment effectiveness of the proposed approach. Explicit solutions of the controller are computed to control the vehicle height adjustment system in realtime using an offline multi-parametric programming technology （MPT）, thus convert the controller into an equivalent explicit piecewise affine form. Finally, bench experiments for vehicle height lifting, holding and lowering procedures are conducted, which demonstrate that the HMPC can adjust the vehicle height by controlling the on-off statuses of solenoid valves directly. This research proposes a new modeling and control method for vehicle height adjustment of ECAS, which leads to a closed-loop system with favorable dynamical properties.

A Simplified Sliding Mode Controlled Electronic Differential for an Electric Vehicle with Two Independent Wheel Drives

This paper presents a simple sliding mode control strategy used for an electronic differential system for electric vehicle with two independent wheel drives. When a vehicle drives along a curved road lane, the speed of the inner wheel has to be different from that of the outer wheel in order to prevent the vehicle from vibrating and travelling an unsteady path. Because each wheel of this electrical vehicle has independent driving force, an electrical differential system is required to replace a gear differential system. However, it is difficult to analyse the nonlinear behaviour of the differential system in relation to the speed and steering angle, as well as vehicle structure. The proposed propulsion system consists of two permanent magnet synchronous machines that ensure the drive of the two back driving wheels. The proposed control structure called independent machines for speed control allows the achievement of an electronic differential which ensures the control of the vehicle behaviour on the road. It also allows to control, independently, every driving wheel to turn at different speeds in any curve. Analysis and simulation results of the proposed system are presented in this paper.

Design and Analysis of Power and Transmission System of Downhole Pure Electric Command Vehicle

Electric vehicles use electric motors, which turn electrical energy into mechanical energy. As electric motors are conventionally used in all the industry, it is an established development site. It’s a mature technology with ideal power and torque curves for vehicular operation. Conventional vehicles use oil and gas as fuel or energy storage. Although they also have an excellent economic impact, the continuous use of oil and gas threatened the world’s reservation of total oil and gas. Also, they emit carbon dioxide and some toxic ingredients through the vehicle’s tailpipe, which causes the greenhouse effect and seriously impacts the environment. So, as an alternative, electric car refers to a green technology of decarbonization with zero emission of greenhouse gases through the tailpipe. So, they can remove the problem of greenhouse gas emissions and solve the world’s remaining non-renewable energy storage problem. Pure electric vehicles (PEV) can be applied in all spheres, but their special implementation can only be seen in downhole operations. They are used for low noise and less pollution in the downhole process. In this study, the basic structure of the pure electric command vehicle is studied, the main components of the command vehicle power system, namely the selection of the drive motor and the power battery, are analyzed, and the main parameters of the drive motor and the power battery are designed and calculated. The checking calculation results show that the power and transmission system developed in this paper meets the design requirements, and the design scheme is feasible and reasonable.

Thermal Management of Vehicle Cabins,External Surfaces,and Onboard Electronics:An Overview

Reducing heat accumulation within vehicles and ensuring appropriate vehicular temperature levels can lead to enhanced vehicle fuel economy,range,reliability,longevity,passenger comfort,and safety.Advancements in vehicle thermal management remain key as new technologies,consumer demand,societal concerns,and government regulations emerge and evolve.This study summarizes several recent advances in vehicle thermal management technology and modeling,with a focus on three key areas:the cabin,electronics,and exterior components of vehicles.Cabin-related topics covered include methods for reducing thermal loads and improving heating,ventilation,and air-conditioning(HVAC)systems;and advancements in window glazing/tinting and vehicle surface treatments.For the thermal management of electronics,including batteries and insulated-gate bipolar transistors(IGBTs),active and passive cooling methods that employ heat pipes,heat sinks,jet impingement,forced convection,and phase-change materials are discussed.Finally,efforts to model and enhance the heat transfer of exterior vehicular components are reviewed while considering drag/friction forces and environmental effects.Despite advances in the field of vehicle thermal management,challenges still exist;this article provides a broad summary of the major issues,with recommendations for further study.

Vehicle path tracking by integrated chassis control

The control problem of trajectory based path following for passenger vehicles is studied. Comprehensive nonlinear vehicle model is utilized for simulation vehicle response during various maneuvers in MATLAB/Simulink. In order to follow desired path, a driver model is developed to enhance closed loop driver/vehicle model. Then, linear quadratic regulator(LQR) controller is developed which regulates direct yaw moment and corrective steering angle on wheels. Particle swam optimization(PSO) method is utilized to optimize the LQR controller for various dynamic conditions. Simulation results indicate that, over various maneuvers, side slip angle and lateral acceleration can be reduced by 10% and 15%, respectively, which sustain the vehicle stable. Also, anti-lock brake system is designed for longitudinal dynamics of vehicle to achieve desired slip during braking and accelerating. Proposed comprehensive controller demonstrates that vehicle steerability can increase by about 15% during severe braking by preventing wheel from locking and reducing stopping distance.

The General Configuration of CEV1 Electric Vehicle's Electrical System and the Design of Its Control Sequence

The general configuration of CEV1 electric vehicle’s electrical system and the design scheme of its control sequence are presented, which are modularized by using VMU as master control unit, PMU as power management unit, BMU as battery management unit. It is a rather advanced and practical general design scheme of electric vehicle, because the division of its module function is definite, which is advantage for research, manufacture and maintenance.

考虑多维非线性扰动的电子助力制动系统自适应压力控制

针对电子助力制动系统(EBBS)面临的机-电-液多维非线性扰动问题,提出了一种自适应压力控制策略。外层液压控制器引入自适应径向基函数神经网络和鲁棒滑模理论克服液压时变不确定性,中间层位置控制器采用Karnopp摩擦前馈补偿和滑模控制应对传动机构非线性摩擦阻碍,内层电流控制器通过李雅普诺夫理论解决电机电磁特性耦合问题。仿真和硬件在环试验结果表明,设计的压力控制策略能够在多种工况中将EBBS主动制动稳态压力跟随误差维持在0.15MPa之内。

基于动态模拟技术的混动车辆发动机电控单元检测系统设计

电控单元是混动车辆发动机中的重要组成部分,对于发动机以及混动车辆的行驶性能产生直接影响,为保证电控单元的运行正常,利用动态模拟技术,优化设计了混动车辆发动机电控单元检测系统;改装温度、转速等传感器设备以及信号处理器设备,调整系统电路的连接方式,实现硬件系统的优化;利用动态模拟技术模拟混动车辆发动机电控过程,结合不同故障类型下电控单元的运行特征,设置系统的检测标准;采集电控单元输出信号,从时域和频域两个方面提取信号特征,最终通过特征匹配确定电控单元状态、故障类型以及故障位置,实现系统的电控单元检测功能;综合混动车辆发动机的3种运行场景,通过系统测试实验得出结论:与传统检测系统相比,优化设计系统的漏检率和误检率分别降低了2.59%和2.05%,由此证明优化设计系统具有良好的检测功能。

Vehicle height and leveling control of electronically controlled air suspension using mixed logical dynamical approach

Vehicle height and leveling control of electronically controlled air suspension(ECAS) still poses theoretical challenges for researchers that have not been adequately addressed in prior research. This paper investigates the design and verification of a new controller to adjust the vehicle height and to regulate the roll and pitch angles of the vehicle body(leveling control) during the height adjustment procedures. A nonlinear mechanism model of the vehicle height adjustment system is formulated to describe the dynamic behaviors of the system. By using mixed logical dynamical(MLD) approach, a novel control strategy is proposed to adjust the vehicle height by controlling the on-off statuses of the solenoid valves directly. On this basis, a correction algorithm is also designed to regulate the durations of the on-off statuses of the solenoid valves based on pulse width modulated(PWM) technology, thus the effective leveling control of the vehicle body can be guaranteed. Finally, simulations and vehicle tests results are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness and applicability of the proposed control methodology.

智能网联汽车能耗管理系统设计与开发

在智能网联化和软件定义汽车新形势下,江铃汽车对公司平台化产品进行了全面的迭代升级,整车电子控制器部署和软件功能策略复杂度急剧增加。功能策略的复杂度越高就越容易出现车辆馈电导致整车无法启动的情况,整车低压能耗管理面临严峻挑战。设计一套合理的整车低压能量管理体系已是江铃汽车当下必需。文章以节省整车功耗和保障整车不出现车辆馈电目标为导向,从预见性服务、整车能量管理系统、整车模式管理、智能发电系统、智能配电和补电系统五个维度系统性地设计和描述了一套整车低压能耗管理系统,保障和助力江铃汽车智能网联化健康快速发展。

电力电子技术在新能源汽车充电桩中的应用

阐述新能源汽车充电桩中的智能控制技术、充电桩与电网的互联技术、变频调节技术,探讨实现充电桩的智能化控制和管理模式,实现充电桩与电网之间的数据交换和能源协调。

基于单车延误的交通信号感应控制方法

为了克服传统感应控制无法区别对待多方向拥堵且拥堵程度不同的交叉口,通过电子警察过车数据,获取车辆在路段上的实测延误,设计了一套基于单车延误的单点交通信号感应控制方法。方法在传统感应控制的框架下,使用单车延误代替车辆间隔作为相位切换的参数,同时采用切换延误阈值的动态更新机制,使得上述方法更能适应拥堵交通状态,尤其是拥堵程度不同的交叉口。通过SUMO多个场景的仿真对比,结果证明用实测延误作为感应控制的切换参数具有明显优势,扩大了感应控制的适用范围。

奔驰R300车辆无法起动及换挡的故障诊断与排除

奔驰R级汽车融合了轿车、旅行车和SUV等车型的优点,是一种具有独特风格的车型。一辆2011款奔驰R300出现车辆无法起动及换挡的故障现象,先连接诊断电脑Compact 4进行快速测试并读取故障码,根据故障码含义分析故障现象与故障码之间的关联,分析可能的故障原因;进而查阅技术手册和电路图,结合故障诊断引导,对可能存在故障的电子点火开关和智能伺服控制模块进行诊断和排查;最后采用万用表测量电子点火开关和智能伺服控制模块的供电、接地电阻和CAN导线,采用HMS990示波器检测CAN网络通信波形,找出故障点并顺利排除故障,此案例对于检修奔驰汽车无法起动和换挡故障提供了一种有效的诊断思路。

新能源汽车电子控制系统的优化分析

新能源汽车作为环保和能源转型的重要载体,其电子控制系统的性能直接影响车辆的安全性、效率和驾驶体验。文章以新能源汽车电子控制系统为切入点,首先分析了电子控制系统的组成和工作原理,然后对电子控制系统存在的问题进行了探讨,包括动力电池管理系统问题、驱动电机控制系统问题、制动能量回收系统问题和总线网络通信系统问题等。在此基础上,提出了针对电子控制系统的优化策略,包括动力电池管理系统、驱动电机控制系统等多个方面的具体优化方案,旨在为新能源汽车电子控制系统的设计和优化提供参考依据,推动新能源汽车电子控制技术得到进一步发展。

新能源汽车电子控制的关键技术研究

随着全球对可持续能源和环保要求的日益增长,新能源汽车发展已成为汽车行业的重要趋势。在新能源汽车的核心组成部分中,电子控制系统直接影响着汽车的性能、安全性和用户体验。但随着技术的发展和市场的扩大,电子控制系统面临着越来越多的挑战,需要创新的技术解决方案及对现有系统进行深入的分析和优化。因此,文章就新能源汽车电子控制系统的关键性技术及其面临的挑战展开探讨,旨在通过对电池管理系统(BMS)、电机控制系统和车载信息系统等关键技术的深入分析,识别当前的技术瓶颈,并探索创新技术的发展趋势,以期望为新能源汽车的未来发展提供理论支持和实践指导。

接触网作业车动力传动电控系统继电器故障分析

液力传动接触网作业车动力传动系统工作状态由动力传动电控系统控制,车辆行驶中如果动力传动电控系统发生故障,将引发故障停车。动力传动电控系统中,继电器故障时有发生。对液力传动接触网作业车动力传动电控系统及其继电器原理进行介绍,对继电器故障进行分析,为动力传动电控系统继电器故障后现场进行有效处置提供参考。

探析新能源汽车电子控制的关键性技术

新能源汽车的动力输出主要依靠电池与电机,电子控制系统则担负着汽车实时控制和动力牵引,在汽车运行过程中能够为车主传达车辆信息,便于车主详尽地掌握车辆行驶状态,做好行车预判保障行车安全。本文将探析新能源汽车电子控制的关键性技术,首先介绍新能源汽车的类型和发展现状,然后着重讨论新能源汽车电子控制技术中的几个关键性技术,包括电池管理系统、电机控制系统、充电系统技术以及能量回收技术。最后,结合当前研究现状,分析未来新能源汽车电子控制技术发展的趋势和方向。

新能源汽车电控系统电磁干扰的故障检修研究

新能源汽车采用电动机驱动,电控系统是其核心部件之一,负责控制车辆的各种功能和性能。由于新能源汽车电控系统的复杂性和电子设备的高集成度,电磁干扰成为其常见的故障问题之一。结合新能源汽车电控系统的特点,全面分析与研究电磁干扰故障问题,采用科学的检修方法应对问题,以期在未来能够有效改善新能源混合动力汽车电控系统电磁干扰的相关问题。

新能源汽车电控单元故障智能诊断与维修方法分析

阐述一种基于新能源汽车电控单元集成电路智能算法的故障诊断与维修方法,该方法结合数据采集、信号处理和故障判别技术,能够高效准确地诊断和修复电控单元集成电路的故障。