Electronic factor in electron self-exchange reaction of hydrated redox ion pairs from thermodynamic data

An accurate scheme for determining the electronic factor of the electron self-exchange reaction in solution is presented in this paper. The used various activation parameters and slopes of potential energy surfaces are obtained in terms of an improved activation model and the accurate potential function determined from the vibrational spectroscopic and thermodynamic data. The coupling matrix elements are determined using numerical integral method over the perturbed double-zeta Slater type state functions. Theoretical results of electronic factor in this work are found in close agreement with those extracted from experimental rate constant data and to be less than unity. Results indicate that outer-sphere electron transfer reactions in solution involving hydrated transition metal ions are nonadiabatic in nature.

Electron G-Factor Anomaly and the Charge Thickness

The electron g-factor relates the magnetic moment to the spin angular momentum. It was originally theoretically calculated to have a value of exactly 2. Experiments yielded a value of 2 plus a very small fraction, referred to as the g-factor anomaly. This anomaly has been calculated theoretically as a power series of the fine structure constant. This document shows that the anomaly is the result of the electron charge thickness. If the thickness were to be zero, g = 2 exactly, and there would be no anomaly. As the thickness increases, the anomaly increases. An equation relating the g-factor and the surface charge thickness is presented. The thickness is calculated to be 0.23% of the electron radius. The cause of the anomaly is very clear, but why is the charge thickness greater than zero? Using the model of the interior structure of the electron previously proposed by the author, it is shown that the non-zero thickness, and thus the g-factor anomaly, are due to the proposed positive charge at the electron center and compressibility of the electron material. The author’s previous publication proposes a theory for splitting the electron into three equal charges when subjected to a strong external magnetic field. That theory is revised in this document, and the result is an error reduced to 0.4% in the polar angle where the splits occur and a reduced magnetic field required to cause the splits.

Revealing the promising near-room-temperature thermoelectric performance in Ag_(2)Se single crystals

With high carrier mobility and intrinsic low lattice thermal conductivity,Ag_(2)Se compounds have attracted increasing attention for thermoelectric application near room temperature.Due to its phase transition at~406 K and resulting thermal volume expansion,the growth and thermoelectric properties of large-sized Ag_(2)Se single crystals have seldom been reported so far.In this work,the vertical Bridgeman method was used for growing bulk Ag_(2)Se single crystal,with an orientation preference along lowsymmetric(201)plane.The Hall mobility as high as 2000 cm^(2)/(V·s)and weak electron-phonon coupling contributes to a high electronic quality BE of~7.0 in near-room-temperature b-Ag_(2)Se single crystals,which is superior to the high-temperature phase a-Ag_(2)Se.The observed low lattice thermal conductivity of 0.8 W/(m·K)at 300 K is due to the low group speeds and strong anharmonicity.A promising peak zT of 0.66 at 375 K and an average zT of 0.65 at 300-375 K were realized in b-Ag_(2)Se crystals.The low Vickers hardness and good ductile properties were confirmed by experiment and theoretical analysis.This work not only synthesized large-sized and highly-orientated Ag_(2)Se crystals,but also revealed its great potential of thermoelectric performance and mechanical properties for various applications near room temperature.

Heijiangdan Ointment(黑绛丹膏)Relieves Oxidative Stress from Radiation Dermatitis Induced by ^(60)Co γ-Ray in Mice

Objective：To investigate the effects of Heijiangdan Ointment（黑绛丹膏,HJD） on oxidative stress in （60）Co γ-ray radiation-induced dermatitis in mice.Methods：Female Wistar mice with grade 4 radiation dermatitis induced by ^（60）Co γ-rays were randomly divided into four groups（n=12 per group）;the HJD-treated,recombinant human epidermal growth factor（rhEGF）-treated,Trolox-treated,and untreated groups,along with a negative control group.On the 11 th and 21 st days after treatment,6 mice in each group were chosen for evaluation.The levels of superoxide dismutase（SOD）,malondialdehyde（MDA）,and lactate dehydrogenase（LDH） were detected using spectrophotometric methods.The fibroblast mitochondria were observed by transmission electron microscopy（TEM）.The expressions of fibroblast growth factor 2（FGF-2） and transforming growth factor β1（TGF-β1） were analyzed by western blot.Results：Compared with the untreated group,the levels of SOD,MDA and LDH,on the 11 th and 21 st days after treatment showed significant difference（P〈0.05）.TEM analysis indicated that fibroblast mitochondria in the untreated group exhibited swelling and the cristae appeared fractured,while in the HJD group,the swelling of mitochondria was limited and the rough endoplasmic reticulum appeared more relaxed.The expressions of FGF-2 and TGF-β1 increased in the untreated group compared with the negative control group（P〈0.05）.After treatment,the expression of FGF-2,rhEGF and Trolox in the HJD group were significantly increased compared with the untreated group（P〈0.05）,or compared with the negative control group（P〈0.05）.The expression of TGF-β1 showed significant difference between untreated and negative control groups（P〈0.05）.HJD and Trolox increased the level of TGF-β1 and the difference was marked as compared with the untreated and negative control groups（P〈0.05）.Conclusion：HJD relieves oxidative stress-induced injury,increases the antioxidant activity,mitigates the fibroblast mitochondrial damage,up-regulates the expression of growth factor,and promotes mitochondrial repair in mice.

Theoretical study on neutron distribution of ^208Pb by parity-violating electron scattering

The precise determination of neutron distribution has important implications for both nuclear structure and nuclear astrophysics. The purpose of this paper is to study the characteristics of neutron distribution of^208 Pb by parity-violating electron scattering（PVS）. Parity-violating asymmetries of^208 Pb with different types of neutron skins are systematically calculated and compared with the experimental data of PREx. The results indicate that the PVS experiments are very sensitive to the nuclear neutron distributions. From further PVS measurements, detailed information on nuclear neutron distributions can be extracted.