More than 50 years have passed since the ESR commercialization.Main steps of the ESR technology and appropriate equipment,developing until now,will be outlined.The trends in development of ESR technology and equipment...More than 50 years have passed since the ESR commercialization.Main steps of the ESR technology and appropriate equipment,developing until now,will be outlined.The trends in development of ESR technology and equipment will be also discussed.A special attention will be paid to such applications as ESR of slab ingots for soknown "z-steel" manufacturing,hollow ingots and bimetal steel production.展开更多
The electroslag metallurgy has been developed since 1958. At present, all special steel plants have constructed electroslag metallurgical workshops. There are 86 Electroslag Remetting (ESR) furnaces in these steel pla...The electroslag metallurgy has been developed since 1958. At present, all special steel plants have constructed electroslag metallurgical workshops. There are 86 Electroslag Remetting (ESR) furnaces in these steel plants with annual capacity of 100 000 tons. The products by ESR include 243 designations of steel and superalloy. The Chinese metallurgists have made significant achievements in the type and structure of electroslag remelting furnaces, eletroslag remelting technology, shaped castings by Electroslag Remelting Casting (ESRC), the manufacture of large-size ingots by ESR and the study of ESR mechanism. These achievements have already been recognized by foreign metallurgists.展开更多
In order to know the behavior of non-metallic inclusions in centrifugal induction electroslag castings (CIESC), non-metallic inclusions in 5CrMnMo and 4Cr5MoSiV1 were qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed. The lar...In order to know the behavior of non-metallic inclusions in centrifugal induction electroslag castings (CIESC), non-metallic inclusions in 5CrMnMo and 4Cr5MoSiV1 were qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed. The largest size of inclusions in the casting and the thermodynamic possibility of TiN precipitation in steel were also calculated. The results show that sulfide inclusions are evenly distributed and the content is low. The amount of oxide inclusions in CIESC: 4Cr5MoSiV1 steel is close to the ESR steel and lower than that in the EAF steel, and there are some differences along radial direction. Nitride inclusions are fine and the diameter of the largest one is 3-1 mum. With the increase of the centrifugal machine's rotational speed, the ratio of round inclusions increases and the ratio of sharp inclusions decreases. According to the experiment and the calculation results, it is pointed out that the largest diameter of non-metallic inclusions in the CIESC 4Cr5MoSiV1 casting is only 6.6 mum, and [N%][Ti%] in 4Cr5MoSiV1 steel should be controlled less than 4.4x 10(-5) in order to further reduce the amount and size of TiN inclusions.展开更多
The principle and technological design of electroslag continuous casting （ESCC）, including bifilar mode, T-shaped mould, and metal level detecting system, are detailed. Remelting was carded out for 1Crl8Ni9Ti stainl...The principle and technological design of electroslag continuous casting （ESCC）, including bifilar mode, T-shaped mould, and metal level detecting system, are detailed. Remelting was carded out for 1Crl8Ni9Ti stainless steel with ESCC. The surface finish, chemical composition, macroand microstructures, and inclusions of the remelted billets were characterized. ESCC reduces the cost and increases the productivity in comparison to traditional ESR, while achieves comparably excellent products.展开更多
A 3-D finite-element numerical simulation model of temperature field for CIESC casting solidification process was developed with the aid of ANSYS software and a series of corresponding experiments were made. The resul...A 3-D finite-element numerical simulation model of temperature field for CIESC casting solidification process was developed with the aid of ANSYS software and a series of corresponding experiments were made. The results showed that the good agreement was obtained between the numerical simulation and the experiments. Based on the numerical simulation results, the characteristics of temperature distribution in the castings during CIESC solidification process were analyzed and summarized. According to the G/R-1/2 method and numerical simulation results, there is no any shrinkage defect in the CIESC casting and structure or casting is fine and compact.展开更多
The solidification and remelting of molten aluminum through a porous preform under centrifugal force field were modeled numerically. The results show that the transient solidification and remelting phenomena appear on...The solidification and remelting of molten aluminum through a porous preform under centrifugal force field were modeled numerically. The results show that the transient solidification and remelting phenomena appear on the infiltration front and can be divided into two distinct regions: the remelting region and solid-liquid congruent melting region. The decrease of porosity always results in the increase of moving velocity difference between the infiltration front and the remelting front, which leads to the increase of the solid-liquid congruent region extent. But for the decrease of the rotational frequency, the difference of moving velocity between infiltration front and remelting front decreases, which leads to the decrease of regional extent. The infiltration front moving velocity is mainly influenced by the centrifugal infiltration pressure, whereas the remelting front moving velocity is mainly influenced by the material thermodynamics. The transient solidification and remelting phenomena are the intercoupling results between the centrifugal infiltration dynamics and the material thermodynamics.展开更多
文摘More than 50 years have passed since the ESR commercialization.Main steps of the ESR technology and appropriate equipment,developing until now,will be outlined.The trends in development of ESR technology and equipment will be also discussed.A special attention will be paid to such applications as ESR of slab ingots for soknown "z-steel" manufacturing,hollow ingots and bimetal steel production.
文摘The electroslag metallurgy has been developed since 1958. At present, all special steel plants have constructed electroslag metallurgical workshops. There are 86 Electroslag Remetting (ESR) furnaces in these steel plants with annual capacity of 100 000 tons. The products by ESR include 243 designations of steel and superalloy. The Chinese metallurgists have made significant achievements in the type and structure of electroslag remelting furnaces, eletroslag remelting technology, shaped castings by Electroslag Remelting Casting (ESRC), the manufacture of large-size ingots by ESR and the study of ESR mechanism. These achievements have already been recognized by foreign metallurgists.
文摘In order to know the behavior of non-metallic inclusions in centrifugal induction electroslag castings (CIESC), non-metallic inclusions in 5CrMnMo and 4Cr5MoSiV1 were qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed. The largest size of inclusions in the casting and the thermodynamic possibility of TiN precipitation in steel were also calculated. The results show that sulfide inclusions are evenly distributed and the content is low. The amount of oxide inclusions in CIESC: 4Cr5MoSiV1 steel is close to the ESR steel and lower than that in the EAF steel, and there are some differences along radial direction. Nitride inclusions are fine and the diameter of the largest one is 3-1 mum. With the increase of the centrifugal machine's rotational speed, the ratio of round inclusions increases and the ratio of sharp inclusions decreases. According to the experiment and the calculation results, it is pointed out that the largest diameter of non-metallic inclusions in the CIESC 4Cr5MoSiV1 casting is only 6.6 mum, and [N%][Ti%] in 4Cr5MoSiV1 steel should be controlled less than 4.4x 10(-5) in order to further reduce the amount and size of TiN inclusions.
文摘The principle and technological design of electroslag continuous casting （ESCC）, including bifilar mode, T-shaped mould, and metal level detecting system, are detailed. Remelting was carded out for 1Crl8Ni9Ti stainless steel with ESCC. The surface finish, chemical composition, macroand microstructures, and inclusions of the remelted billets were characterized. ESCC reduces the cost and increases the productivity in comparison to traditional ESR, while achieves comparably excellent products.
文摘A 3-D finite-element numerical simulation model of temperature field for CIESC casting solidification process was developed with the aid of ANSYS software and a series of corresponding experiments were made. The results showed that the good agreement was obtained between the numerical simulation and the experiments. Based on the numerical simulation results, the characteristics of temperature distribution in the castings during CIESC solidification process were analyzed and summarized. According to the G/R-1/2 method and numerical simulation results, there is no any shrinkage defect in the CIESC casting and structure or casting is fine and compact.
基金Project(50646024) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(20050248021) supported by the Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China
文摘The solidification and remelting of molten aluminum through a porous preform under centrifugal force field were modeled numerically. The results show that the transient solidification and remelting phenomena appear on the infiltration front and can be divided into two distinct regions: the remelting region and solid-liquid congruent melting region. The decrease of porosity always results in the increase of moving velocity difference between the infiltration front and the remelting front, which leads to the increase of the solid-liquid congruent region extent. But for the decrease of the rotational frequency, the difference of moving velocity between infiltration front and remelting front decreases, which leads to the decrease of regional extent. The infiltration front moving velocity is mainly influenced by the centrifugal infiltration pressure, whereas the remelting front moving velocity is mainly influenced by the material thermodynamics. The transient solidification and remelting phenomena are the intercoupling results between the centrifugal infiltration dynamics and the material thermodynamics.
