Effect of Types and Orders of Electromagnetic Field Finite Element Meshes on Power Communication Harmonic Parameters Calculation Results of Tubular Hydrogenerators

In generator design field,waveform total harmonic distortion(THD)and telephone harmonic factor(THF)are parameters commonly used to measure the impact of generator no-load voltage harmonics on the power communication quality.Tubular hydrogenerators are considered the optimal generator for exploiting low-head,high-flow hydro resources,and they have seen increasingly widespread application in China's power systems recent years.However,owing to the compact and constrained internal space of such generators,their internal magnetic-field harmonics are pronounced.Therefore,accurate calculation of their THD and THF is crucial during the analysis and design stages to ensure the quality of power communication.Especially in the electromagnetic field finite element modeling analysis of such generators,the type and order of the finite element meshes may have a significant impact on the THD and THF calculation results,which warrants in-depth research.To address this,this study takes a real 34 MW large tubular hydrogenerator as an example,and establishes its electromagnetic field finite element model under no-load conditions.Two types of meshes,five mesh densities,and two mesh orders are analyzed to reveal the effect of electromagnetic field finite element mesh types and orders on the calculation results of THD and THF for such generators.

Mapping-Based 3D Hexahedral Finite Element Mesh Generation Method

Mapping mesh generation is widely applied in pre-processes of Finite Element Method （FEM）. In this study, the basic 3D mapping equations by Lagrange interpolating function are founded. Based these equations, a mapping pattern library, which maps essential configurations e.g. line, circle, rotary body, sphere etc. to hexahedral FEM mesh, has been built. Then available FEM mesh will be generated by clipping and assembling the mapped essential objects. Study case illustrates that the proposed method is simple and efficient to generate valid FEM mesh for complex 3D engineering structure.

A Unified Dimensionless Parameter for Finite Element Mesh for Beams Resting on Elastic Foundation

Discretising a structure into elements is a key step in finite element(FE)analysis.The discretised geometry used to formulate an FE model can greatly affect accuracy and validity.This paper presents a unified dimensionless parameter to generate a mesh of cubic FEs for the analysis of very long beams resting on an elastic foundation.A uniform beam resting on elastic foundation with various values of flexural stiffness and elastic supporting coefficients subject to static load and moving load is used to illustrate the application of the proposed parameter.The numerical results show that(a)Even if the values of the flexural stiffness of the beam and elastic supporting coefficient of the elastic foundation are different,the same proposed parameter“s”can ensure the same accuracy of the FE solution,but the accuracy may differ for use of the same element length;(b)The proposed dimensionless parameter“s”can indeed be used as a unified index to generate the mesh for a beam resting on elastic foundation,whereas the use of the same element length as a criterion may be misleading;(c)The errors between the FE and analytical solutions for the maximum vertical displacement,shear force and bending moment of the beam increase with the dimensionless parameter“s”;and(d)For the given allowable errors for the vertical displacement,shear force and bending moment of the beam under static load and moving load,the corresponding values of the proposed parameter are provided to guide the mesh generation.

Finite Element Meshes Auto-Generation for the Welted Bifurcation

In this paper, firstly, a mathematical model for a specific kind of welted bifurcation is established, the parametric equation for the intersecting curve is resulted in. Secondly, a method for partitioning finite element meshes of the welted bifurcation is put forward, its main idea is that developing the main pipe surface and the branch pipe surface respectively, dividing meshes on each developing plane and obtaining meshes points, then transforming their plane coordinates into space coordinates. Finally, an applied program for finite element meshes auto-generation is simply introduced, which adopt ObjectARX technique and its running result can be shown in AutoCAD. The meshes generated in AutoCAD can be exported conveniently to most of finite element analysis soft wares, and the finite element computing result can satisfy the engineering precision requirement.

THREE-DIMENSIONAL FINITE ELEMENT DELAUNAY MESH GENERATION BY A PERFECTED NODE CONNECTION METHOD

How to automatically generate three-dimensional finite element Delaunay mesh by a peifected node connection method is introduced, where nodes are generated based on existing elements, instead of independence of node creation and elements generation in traditional node connection method. Therefore, Ihe the difficulty about how to automatically create nodes in the traditional method is overcome.

Uniform convergence of multigrid V-cycle on adaptively refined finite element meshes for second order elliptic problems

In this paper we prove the uniform convergence of the standard multigrid V-cycle algorithm with the Gauss-Seidel relaxation performed only on the new nodes and their "immediate" neighbors for discrete elliptic problems on the adaptively refined finite element meshes using the newest vertex bisection algorithm. The proof depends on sharp estimates on the relationship of local mesh sizes and a new stability estimate for the space decomposition based on the Scott-Zhang interpolation operator. Extensive numerical results are reported, which confirm the theoretical analysis.

A lumped mass nonconforming finite element method for nonlinear parabolic integro-differential equations on anisotropic meshes

A lumped mass approximation scheme of a low order Crouzeix-Raviart type noncon- forming triangular finite element is proposed to a kind of nonlinear parabolic integro-differential equations. The L2 error estimate is derived on anisotropic meshes without referring to the traditional nonclassical elliptic projection.

Superconvergence analysis of Wilson element on anisotropic meshes

The Wilson finite element method is considered to solve a class of two- dimensional second order elliptic boundary value problems. By using of the particular structure of the element and some new techniques, we obtain the superclose and global superconvergence on anisotropic meshes. Numerical example is also given to confirm our theoretical analysis.

Nodeless variable finite element method for heat transfer analysis by means of flux-based formulation and mesh adaptation

Based on flux-based formulation, a nodeless variable element method is developed to analyze two-dimensional steady-state and transient heat transfer problems. The nodeless variable element employs quadratic interpolation functions to provide higher solution accuracy without necessity to actually generate additional nodes. The flux-based formulation is applied to reduce the complexity in deriving the finite element equations as compared to the conventional finite element method, The solution accuracy is further improved by implementing an adaptive meshing technique to generaie finite element mesh that can adapt and move along corresponding to the solution behavior. The technique generates small elements in the regions of steep solution gradients to provide accurate solution, and meanwhile it generates larger elements in the other regions where the solution gradients are slight to reduce the computational time and the computer memory. The effectiveness of the combined procedure is demonstrated by heat transfer problems that have exact solutions. These problems tire： （a） a steady-state heat conduction analysis in a square plate subjected to a highly localized surface heating, and （b） a transient heat conduction analysis in a long plate subjected to moving heat source.

COARSE-MESH-ACCURACY IMPROVEMENT OF BILINEAR Q_4-PLANE ELEMENT BY THE COMBINED HYBRID FINITE ELEMENT METHOD

The combined hybrid finite element method is of an intrinsic mechanism of enhancing coarse-mesh-accuracy of lower order displacement schemes. It was confirmed that the combined hybrid scheme without energy error leads to enhancement of accuracy at coarse meshes, and that the combination parameter plays an important role in the enhancement. As an improvement of conforming bilinear Q(4)-plane element, the combined hybrid method adopted the most convenient quadrilateral displacements-stress mode, i.e.,the mode of compatible isoparametric bilinear displacements and pure constant stresses. By adjusting the combined parameter, the optimized version of the combined hybrid element was obtained and numerical tests indicated that this parameter-adjusted version behaves much better than Q(4)-element and is of high accuracy at coarse meshes. Due to elimination of stress parameters at the elemental level, this combined hybrid version is of the same computational cost as that of Q(4)-element.

Superconvergence of a Nonconforming Finite Element Approximation to Viscoelasticity Type Equations on Anisotropic Meshes

The main aim of this paper is to study the approximation to viscoelasticity type equations with a Crouzeix-Raviart type nonconforming finite element on the anisotropic meshes. The superclose property of the exact solution and the optimal error estimate of its derivative with respect to time are derived by using some novel techniques. Moreover, employing a postprocessing technique, the global superconvergence property for the discretization error of the postprocessed discrete solution to the solution itself is studied.

A POSTERIORI ERROR ESTIMATION OF THE NEW MIXED ELEMENT SCHEMES FOR SECOND ORDER ELLIPTIC PROBLEM ON ANISOTROPIC MESHES

This paper presents a posteriori residual error estimator for the new mixed el-ement scheme for second order elliptic problem on anisotropic meshes. The reliability and efficiency of our estimator are established without any regularity assumption on the mesh.

DISCONTINUITY-CAPTURING FINITE ELEMENT COMPUTATION OF UNSTEADY FLOW WITH ADAPTIVE UNSTRUCTURED MESH

A discontinuity-capturing scheme of finite element method(FEM)is proposed.The unstructured-grid technique combined with a new type of adaptive mesh approach is developed for both compressible and incompressible unsteady flows,which exhibits the capability of capturing the shock waves and/or thin shear layers accurately in an unsteady viscous flow at high Reynolds number. In particular,a new testing variable,i.e.,the disturbed kinetic energy E,is suggested and used in the adaptive mesh computation,which is universally applicable to the capturing of both shock waves and shear layers in the inviscid flow and viscous flow at high Reynolds number.Based on several calculated examples,this approach has been proved to be effective and efficient for the calculations of compressible and incompressible flows.

基于非结构网格粒子输运的蒙特卡罗模拟计算研究

传统的构造实体几何的建模方式不能满足复杂几何输运、多物理耦合计算和大尺度核辐射效应模拟等问题,目前MCNP程序允许在非结构化的网格下跟踪粒子,它是作为一个网格空间嵌入在传统的构造实体几何之中,非结构网格几何采用有限元程序ABAQUS创建,使用MCNP的径迹长度估计器计算非结构网格单元内的输运结果,并在非结构网格上执行单元对单元的跟踪,结果可以输出到ABAQUS或者Paraview进行可视化和其他物理分析。本文分析了两种典型的基准实验:Ueki固定源和Godiva临界源问题,模拟结果表明,UM几何的运行时间和与CSG几何的计算偏差与输入网格单元的数量、单元的阶数成正比,同样阶数的四面体比六面体结果误差更小,本文的非结构网格计算结果与传统的构造实体几何结构结果具有很好的一致性。

嵌于CAD系统的有限元建模方法及其应用

研究目的:当下,多数有限元分析应用的建模功能较为薄弱,导致复杂结构体系的有限元分析既琐碎又麻烦。另一方面,虽然计算机辅助设计(CAD)应用在建模方面十分强大,由CAD应用建立的模型通常无法用作有限元分析。为此,本文提出一种嵌于CAD系统的有限元建模方法,为说明其有效性及实用性,进一步研发了一款名为DirectMesh的Rhinoceros插件并将其应用于武汉站有限元分析中。研究结论:(1)利用CAD系统所提供的交互性环境及各种建模工具可大幅提高有限元建模的效率;(2)本文所提独立网格生成单元可生成代表单个对象的网格;(3)本文所提综合网格生成单元可生成含多个对象的综合网格系统;(4)本文所提有限元模型生成器可通过网格有效生成复杂结构系统的有限元模型;(5)本文所提方法可大幅提高有限元建模的易用性及效率,有助于提高机械工程、土木工程及岩土工程中仿真模拟工作的智能化程度。

FINITE ELEMENT SOLUTION TO COUPLED THERMO－ELASTICCONTACT STRESS AND IMPACTRESPONSE OF MESHING GEARS

A mixed finite element solution of contact stresses in meshing gears is investigated with the consideration of coupled thermo-elastic deformation and impact behavior. A simulation procedure of finite element solution of meshing gears is developed. The versatility of the procedure for both numerical accuracy and computational efficiency is verified by numerical analysis of meshing gear teeth.

广义弱形式自由单元法

自由单元法(FrEM)是一种单元配点法,吸收了有限元法等参单元的插值稳定性与无网格法使用灵活的优点,具有稳定性好和灵活性高的性能.FrEM在每个配置点只需要一个通过自由选择周围节点而形成的独立的等参单元,不需要考虑单元之间节点的相互连接关系,这种自由性使得人们可以按照学科性质形成所需要的单元,因而FrEM既适用于固体力学,也适用于流体力学问题的求解.然而,FrEM所用单元需要至少有一个内部节点(用于方程的配点),以致有限元法中单元节点相连的网格不能在FrEM中直接使用.文章基于对应于配置点的等参单元形函数在与其不相连的边界上为0的特性和配置点等效节点力平衡关系,提出了一种广义弱形式自由单元法(GFrEM).该方法是一种使用单元逐点建立配置方程的单元配点法,具有如下特点:(1)突破了现有自由单元法中单元需要内部节点的限制,因而可以使用线性单元和高阶单元;(2)突破了现有自由单元法中一个配置点使用一个单元的限制,可以使用与配置点相连的任意多个单元;(3)可以使用任意形式的规则单元和多边形/多面体单元;(4)如果使用单元节点相连的传统有限元法网格,则GFrEM自然演变为传统的有限元法.论文将给出几个固体力学方面的应用算例,展示所提方法的有效性.

基于S-R和分解定理的二维几何非线性问题的虚单元法求解

应变-旋转(Strain-Rotation,S-R)和分解定理为分析几何非线性问题提供了合理可靠的理论基础,但用有限元求解时会遇到大变形发生后的网格畸变问题。近年提出的虚单元法(Virtual element method,VEM)适用于一般的多边形网格,因此,该文尝试使用一阶虚单元求解基于S-R和分解定理的二维几何非线性问题,以克服网格畸变的影响。基于重新定义的多项式位移空间基函数,推演获得一阶虚单元分析线弹性力学问题时允许位移空间向多项式位移空间的投影表达式;按照虚单元法双线性格式的计算规则,分析处理基于更新拖带坐标法和势能率原理的增量变分方程;进而建立离散系统方程及其矩阵表达形式,并编制MATLAB求解程序;采用常规多边形网格和畸变网格,应用该文算法分析均布荷载下的悬臂梁和均匀内压下的厚壁圆筒变形。结果与已有文献和ANSYS软件的对比表明:该文算法在两种网格中均可有效执行且具备足够数值精度。总体该文算法为基于S-R和分解定理的二维几何非线性问题求解提供了一种鲁棒方法。

能群独立的中子输运非结构网格自适应加密

为兼顾中子输运的模拟精度和计算效率,对网格进行自适应加密和区域分解并行是有效技术途径。通常各能群的中子通量密度分布有较大差异,采用统一的网格不能最佳匹配各群通量密度的空间变化,只能全局加密网格或损失精度。本文通过对各能群中子通量密度分别进行后验误差估计,开展能群独立的局部网格加密,获得与各能群的中子通量密度分别匹配的多组非结构网格,即基于共同父网格(粗网格)的多组独立子网格(细网格),进而开发了在这种层次化父-子网格上的多群中子输运模拟耦合算法,通过连续的多轮次自适应加密,实现了不受初始网格分辨率影响的高精度、高效率求解。基于该网格方法建立了间断有限元输运程序ENTER-Ⅱ,并借助开源算法库DEAL.Ⅱ实现了区域分解并行。初步验证表明,计算结果符合良好,时间效率有明显提升。

轴向移动内压力梁动力学的动网格法

面向轴向移动内压力梁结构动力学特性研究,采用Lagrangian方法建立了轴向移动内压力梁的运动控制方程,基于有限元动网格法对轴向移动梁运动控制方程进行离散。将内压力作为边界条件,采用Newmark-β时间积分方法计算轴向移动梁动力学响应,并开展动力学特性研究。结果表明,建立的有限元动网格模型能够有效地实现轴向移动内压力梁动力学响应计算。轴向移动内压力梁在收缩运动过程中,自由端振动频率将逐渐增加。悬臂长度对梁自由端振动频率具有显著影响。同时,结构振动频率随内压力的增加而增加。本文中建立的有限元动网格模型能够为轴向移动内压力梁动力学研究提供新方法。