Continuous Measurement of Number Concentrations and Elemental Composition of Aerosol Particles for a Dust Storm Event in Beijing

A continuous measurement of number size distributions and chemical composition of aerosol particles was conducted in Beijing in a dust storm event during 21-26 March 2001. The number concentration of coarse particles （ 〉2μm） increased more significantly than fine particles （ 〈2μm） during the dust storm due to dust weather, while the anthropogenic aerosols collected during the non-dust-storm period tended to be associated with fine particles. Elemental compositions were analyzed by using proton-induced X-ray emission （PIXE）. The results show that 20 elements in the dust storm were much higher than in the non-dust-storm period. The calculated soil dust concentration during the dust storm was, on average, 251.8μg m^-3, while it was only 52.1μg m^-3 on non-dust-storm days. The enrichment factors for Mg, A1, P, K, Ca, Ti, Mn, Fe, C1, Cu, Pb, and Zn show small variations between the dust storm and the non-dust-storm period, while those for Ca, Ni and Cr in the dust storm were much lower than those in the non-dust-storm period due to significant local emission sources. A high concentration and enrichment factor for S were observed during the dust storm, which implies that the dust particles were contaminated by aerosol particles from anthropogenic emissions during the long-range transport. A statistical analysis shows that the elemental composition of particles collected during the dust storm in Beijing were better correlated with those of desert soil colleted from desert regions in Inner Mongolia. Air mass back-trajectory analysis further confirmed that this dust storm event could be identified as streaks of dust plumes originating from Inner Mongolia.

A METHOD OF SOLVING THE FUZZY FINITE ELEMENT EQUATIONS IN MONOSOURCE FUZZY NUMBERS

For same cases the rules of monosource fuzzy numbers con be used into the solution of fuzzy stochastic finite element equations in engineering. This method can reduce the computing quantity of the solution. It can be proved that the amount of the solution is nearly as much as that with the general stochastic finite element method (SFEM). In addition, a new method to appreciate the structural fuzzy failure probability is presented for the needs of the modem engineering design.

基于结构元理论的模糊数可能度排序方法

简化了区间数比较的可能度公理,提出了模糊数比较的可能度公理.基于结构元理论,定义了模糊数的减法型可能度、除法型可能度.通过8组模糊数集,对4个可能度模型进行比较分析,以说明减法型可能度和除法型可能度的性能.

社区尺度斜入射波场下场地-建筑群耦合作用模拟方法

场地-城市相互作用(site-city interaction,SCI)效应会显著改变场地地震波场分布及建筑反应,基于SCI效应理论计算研究方法的发展现状,发挥谱元(spectral element,SE)法可快速高效求解三维地震波场传播和多自由度(multi-degree of freedom,MDOF)模型计算量小且可同时模拟大量建筑的优势,同时,结合频率波数域(frequency wave number analysis,FK)方法,以等效地震荷载的方式施加地震波场,建立了FK-SE-MDOF耦合方法,实现了SE-MDOF耦合模型中多种波型(P波、SV波和SH波)的斜入射输入,解决了当前三维SCI效应研究方法中未能同时考虑建筑非线性、频谱特性、地震波波型及入射角度影响的问题。首先对方法原理进行了介绍;然后,通过与振动台试验的对比,验证了方法的正确性;进而,采用该方法建立理想场地-城市建筑群相互作用耦合模型,主要探讨了入射角度和地震波波型对SCI效应的影响,得到了一些有益结论。该方法较为真实地反映SCI效应影响的同时,可反映建筑基础轮廓对地震波场的影响,适用于需考虑建筑轮廓信息的社区尺度SCI效应研究,可为城市规划、抗震设计、风险评估以及震后救援等工作提供定量指导。

化学法造纸制浆齐和环保优化研究

化学制浆法是造纸行业中广泛采用的纸浆制造工艺,其中的漂白工序传统上普遍使用元素氯进行漂白,并利用所生成的氯气作为漂白剂,这种漂白方式会产生大量有毒性的有机卤化物,包括强致癌物二噁英等。鉴于次,近年来用二氧化氯为漂白剂的无元素氯漂白工艺开始被大量引入造纸行业,作为漂白工序的替代技术。通过研究无元素氯漂白工艺各个工段的工艺特点,归纳出无元素氯漂白纸浆在技术及环境成本综合考虑基础上的合理性,从而为其作为未来一段时期内造纸企业特别是中小型企业,为符合最新产业政策和环保标准,而对传统元素氯漂白工艺进行淘汰升级的工艺路线提供科学的参考。

结构参数对短管蜂窝夹套壳体强度的影响

以短管蜂窝夹套为研究对象,使用ANSYS进行结构仿真,研究短管蜂窝夹套结构参数对干燥机壳体结构强度与变形的影响。结果表明:随着短管排布数量N的增多和直径D的增大,壳体整体的应力与形变量均有明显下降,可见,增加短管排布的数量或者对拉撑件加粗短管,都有助于短管蜂窝夹套整体结构强度的提升。

环阵多阵元合成孔径成像F数优化研究

使用环形阵列的超声计算机断层扫描(USCT)在乳腺组织成像和工业无损检测方面展示了显著潜力,但图像重建质量仍面临挑战。该研究提出将F数应用于多阵元合成孔径聚焦成像方法,在环形阵列中实现对目标的自动扫查,并探讨F数对环形阵列合成孔径成像的影响。通过仿真和实验,使用乳腺仿真模型和直径0.3 mm的尼龙丝作为测试对象,设置发射和接收F数为F、F/2、F/4、F/8、F/16进行图像重建,并进行阈值分割处理和半高宽(FWHM)分析。结果显示,较低接收F数能够显著减少靶标畸变并提高成像精度,其重建图像尺寸误差减少了28.3%。对于点目标,低接收F数显著提高了空间分辨率,其中轴向分辨率提升了40%,横向分辨率提升了36.7%。该研究为提升环形阵列USCT成像性能提供了新的思路和方法。

横向冲击载荷下齿形双螺母防松性能

针对螺栓连接结构在舰船爆炸冲击中容易发生松动的现象,设计了一种齿形双螺母的防松结构。利用局部滑移理论分析齿形双螺母的防松原理,采用有限元仿真法,通过预紧力和微滑移的变化量对其防松性能进行分析,并研究了齿形双螺母防松性能的影响因素及其影响规律。研究结果表明:横向冲击载荷下,齿形双螺母预紧力下降慢,微滑移变化小,具有较好的防松性能;当楔形角与螺纹升角相同时,防松效果最差;楔形角越大,齿形数量越多,齿形双螺母的防松效果越好。

“五音”的数理体系与解乐模式

“五音”之序的调整与确定,基于“五音”的“数5-10-12”模式的调试与形成,既使得“五音”的数理体系得以确立,亦是早期中国音乐知识扩容的过程。三分损益法的先益后损、先损后益,分别得出了宫音居中、宫音居首的五音音高之序。将五音设定音数数值,以数值大小排列,皆以宫音为首。以宫为中心,月令系统中形成了“数5-10-12”模式,其模式既在数理上构成了等分结构,也在义理上构成了平衡效果,由此奠定了早期中国“算数事物”的基础。

7元素集合上T_(0)拓扑数计算

主要借助序与拓扑交叉的方法,得出拓扑空间上的T_(0)拓扑数与偏序之间的一一对应关系,通过对极小元和极大元的个数进行分类讨论,结合Hasse图和层级配比数,进而采用纯数学的方法计算得出7元素集合上T_(0)拓扑数为7544798.

基于ANSYS的码头起重机平衡梁有限元分析及优化

码头起重机平衡梁会由于过载、裂纹、疲劳等原因发生失效,失效后会导致码头起重机不能安全运行甚至引发安全事故。论文利用有限元分析软件对码头起重机的平衡梁进行了有限元分析,通过模拟平衡梁在空载和工作过程中的载荷情况,对平衡梁进行了静力学分析,定性地分析了平衡梁发生最大变形和受力最大的位置和大小并计算了屈服和疲劳安全系数,检验其是否发生失效。根据分析结果,提出了优化改进建议,并对优化后的进行了分析。经过检验,优化后可以满足结构的安全性能并降低了生产成本。通过此分析可以清楚地知道该结构比较薄弱的位置,可为检测维修人员提供一定的依据,同时也可为该结构的优化提供一定的参考。

无气离心喷涂涂料液滴流场和分布特性的数值模拟

目的探究无气体输送的无气离心喷涂法过程中涂料液滴与管道内壁面之间的相互碰撞接触作用,以在高分子涂料离心喷涂法中获得致密高强度涂料内衬层。方法将涂料液滴视为离散相,利用离散元方法和涂料液滴附着力JKR接触模型,模拟无气离心喷涂涂料液滴运动特性。通过堆积角虚拟试验确定涂料液滴与壁面表面能。基于离心场作用下涂料液滴运动方程,导出旋转喷枪射流小孔出流速度计算模型。数值模拟无气离心喷涂过程涂料液滴流体动力特性,揭示涂料液滴碰撞作用下动态喷涂成膜规律。结果统计得到涂料液滴在水平壁面展平的表面能为32.7 J/m^(2)。对于一定的喷嘴射流小孔,涂料液滴小孔出流系数接近于常数。随着计算时间的推进,壁面黏附涂料液滴数不断增加。在无气旋转喷枪II旋转速度2500 r/min下,统计单元涂料液滴数最大,并且有较大的液滴数方差和相对误差。随着喷枪旋转速度的提高,涂料液滴数的方差和相对误差降低。结论为实现沿管道壁面涂料液滴均匀分布,旋转喷枪II旋转速度建议不应低于5000 r/min。

转子槽数对异步电机附加损耗的影响

文章介绍了一种应用在轨道交通上的高功率密度的三相异步电机。首先简要分析了转子槽数对附加损耗的影响,然后通过场路耦合的有限元方法对不同转子槽数的电机附加损耗进行了仿真分析,最后通过试验验证了仿真结果。

Element analysis method of concealed explosive based on TNA

The detection technology of concealed bulk explosives is related to social security and national defense construction and has important research significance. In this paper, an element analysis method of concealed explosives based on thermal neutron analysis is proposed.This method could provide better reconstruction precision for hydrogen, carbon, and nitrogen ratios, making it possible to discriminate explosives from other compounds with the same elements but different proportions, as well as to identify the types of concealed bulk explosives. In this paper, the basic principles and mathematical model of this method are first introduced, and the calculation formula of the element number ratio(the ratio between the nucleus numbers of two different elements) of the concealed explosive is deduced. Second, a numerical simulation platform of this method was established based on the Monte Carlo JMCT code. By calibrating the absorption efficiencies of the explosive device to c rays, the element number ratios of a concealed explosive model under the irradiation of thermal neutrons were reconstructed from the neutron capture prompt c-ray spectrum. The reconstruction values were in good agreement with the actual values,which shows that this method has a high reconstruction precision of the element number ratio for concealed explosives. Lastly, it was demonstrated using the simulation study that this method can discriminate explosives,drugs, and common materials, with the capability of determining the existence of concealed bulk explosives and identifying explosive types.

Analysis of ground vibrations due to underground trains by 2.5D finite/infinite element approach

The 2.5D finite/infinite element approach is adopted to study wave propagation problems caused by underground moving trains. The irregularities of the near field, including the tunnel structure and parts of the soil, are modeled by the finite elements, and the wave propagation properties of the far field extending to infinity are modeled by the infinite elements. One particular feature of the 2.5D approach is that it enables the computation of the three-dimensional response of the half-space, taking into account the load-moving effect, using only a two-dimensional profile. Although the 2.5D finite/infinite element approach shows a great advantage in studying the wave propagation caused by moving trains, attention should be given to the calculation aspects, such as the rules for mesh establishment, in order to avoid producing inaccurate or erroneous results. In this paper, some essential points for consideration in analysis are highlighted, along with techniques to enhance the speed of the calculations. All these observations should prove useful in making the 2.5D finite/infinite element approach an effective one.

Novel high-performance element in the electromagnetic finite-element method——node-edge element

It is known in the computational electromagnetics （CEM） that the node element has a relative wellconditioned matrix, but suffers from the spurious solution problem; whereas the edge element has no spurious solutions, but usually produces an ill-conditioned matrix. Particularly, when the mesh is over dense, the iterative solution of the matrix equation from edge element converges very slowly. Based on the node element and edge element, a node-edge element is presented, which has no spurious solutions and better-conditioned matrix. Numerical experiments demonstrate that the proposed node-edge element is more efficient than now-widely used edge element.

PERTURBATIONAL SOLUTIONS FOR FUZZY-STOCHASTIC FINITE ELEMENT EQUILIBRIUM EQUATIONS (FSFEEE)

In this paper, the random interval equilibrium equations (RIEE) is obtained by lambda-level cutting the fuzzy-stochastic finite element equilibrium equations (FSFEEE). Based on the relations between the variables of equilibrium equations, solving RIEE is transformed into solving two kinds of general random equilibrium equations (GREE). Then the recursive equations of evaluating the random interval displacement is derived from the small-parameter perturbation theory. The computational formulae of statistical characteristic of the fuzzy random displacements, the fuzzy random strains and the fuzzy random stresses are also deduced in detail.

A Table That Produces Elements

How do elements originate, how atoms are formed, and what are the laws? According to the unified logic of “Tong Yi Lun Thought”, combined with the elements’ attributes and the atomic composition that have been discovered now, after determining that the mechanism of increasing yang in the atomic system is the increase of proton number, the Bian Zheng relationship among proton, neutron and electron determines that there are only 128 kinds of elements in the atomic system. At the same time, element atoms have corresponding logical relations when they are generated.

Non Degeneration of Fibonacci Series, Pascal’s Elements and Hex Series

Generally Fibonacci series and Lucas series are the same, they converge to golden ratio. After I read Fibonacci series, I thought, is there or are there any series which converges to golden ratio. Because of that I explored the inter relations of Fibonacci series when I was intent on Fibonacci series in my difference parallelogram. In which, I found there is no degeneration on Fibonacci series. In my thought, Pascal triangle seemed like a lower triangular matrix, so I tried to find the inverse for that. In inverse form, there is no change against original form of Pascal elements matrix. One day I played with ring magnets, which forms hexagonal shapes. Number of rings which forms Hexagonal shape gives Hex series. In this paper, I give the general formula for generating various types of Fibonacci series and its non-degeneration, how Pascal elements maintain its identities and which shapes formed by hex numbers by difference and matrices.

高速铁路多跨桥梁低频结构噪声特性研究

随着高速铁路在城市地区的日益普及和运营速度的不断加快,桥梁噪声问题已经成为一个重要问题,因为桥梁区段的噪声占高速铁路噪声的80%以上。随着列车速度的不断加快,噪声预测模型中包含的桥梁跨径数成为影响准确预测桥梁噪声的主要因素。为了解决这一问题,本文以高速列车常用的32 m简支箱梁为例,采用傅里叶级数法和三维边界元法进行建模,研究桥梁跨数对高速铁路桥梁噪声的影响。结果表明,桥梁跨数对桥梁噪声的影响很大程度上取决于观测点相对于桥梁的位置和桥梁噪声的分布。具体来说,当超过54 m和部分近场区域时,至少需要5跨桥梁才能获得更精确的桥梁总噪声。该研究有助于桥梁噪声的控制,并可为在桥梁沿线不同位置实施不同长度的降噪措施提供参考。