The Development of Using Elevators in Different Buildings

Elevators are one of the most important elements of vertical communication used in buildings.Especially in recent times,where high and high rise buildings have become a modern architectural phenomenon and the spread of architecture has become a feature of the age.Hence,the research discusses the technique of installing elevators in buildings.A general introduction to elevators and their types will be discussed,as well as a historical overview of the beginning of the idea of the elevator and the first buildings that were used.The technique of installing the elevator inside the building explained with the images shown components elevator.Also it will mention several speeds of modern elevators used in buildings,the world’s fastest elevator,ultra-rope technology and the reasons for choosing this technique in elevator components in high-rise buildings which may be used in the space elevator that will connect earth and space.As well it shows features of the wire used in the elevators of the Burj-Khalifa,the highest skyscraper in the world.Then it mentions a number of the most recent and newest elevators in the world,then research results and references.

Intelligent Decisions Modeling for Energy Saving in Lifts:An Application for Kleemann Hellas Elevators

The present work proposes a methodological approach for modeling decisions regarding energy reduction in an elevator. This is achieved with the integration of existing as well as acquired knowledge, in a decision module implemented in the electronics of an elevator. So far, elevators do not exploit information regarding their recent usage. In the developed system decisions are driven based on information arising from monitoring the use of the elevator. Monitoring provides various records of usage which consequently are used to predict elevator’s future usage and to adapt accordingly its functioning. Till now, there are only elevators that encompass in their electronics algorithms with if then rules in order to control elevator’s functioning. However, these if then rules are based only on good practice knowledge of similar elevators installed in similar buildings. Even this knowledge which unavoidably is associated with uncertainty is not encoded in a mathematically consisted way in the algorithms. The design, the implementation and a first pilot evaluation study of an elevator’s intelligent decision module are presented. The study concludes that the presented application sufficiently reduces energy consumption through properly controlled functioning.

Protection of Elevators against Lightning

In the thunderstorm process on August 3,2016,among the nine elevators in a housing estate in the middle of Neijiang City,six elevators were damaged by lightning. In this study,the impact of lightning stroke on elevators was analyzed firstly,and then measures to protect elevators against lightning were proposed,which provides a practical basis for the improvement of protection of elevators against lightning.

COMPUTATIONAL FLOW RATE FEEDBACK AND CONTROL METHOD IN HYDRAULIC ELEVATORS

The computational flow rate feedback and control method, which can be used in proportional valve controlled hydraulic elevators, is discussed and analyzed. In a hydraulic elevator with this method, microprocessor receives pressure information from the pressure transducers and computes the flow rate through the proportional valve based on pressure-flow conversion real time algorithm. This hydraulic elevator is of lower cost and energy consumption than the conventional closed loop control hydraulic elevator whose flow rate is measured by a flow meter. Experiments arc carried out on a test rig which could simulate the load of hydraulic elevator. According to the experiment results, the means to modify the pressure-flow conversion algorithm are pointed out.

Stromal thrombospondin 1 suppresses angiogenesis in oral submucous fibrosis

A decline in mucosal vascularity is a histological hallmark of oral submucous fibrosis (OSF), a premalignant disease that is largely induced by betel quid chewing. However, the lack of available models has challenged studies of angiogenesis in OSF. Here, we found that the expression of thrombospondin 1 (THBS1), an endogenous angiostatic protein, was elevated in the stroma of tissues with OSF. Using a fibroblast-attached organoid (FAO) model, the overexpression of THBS1 in OSF was stably recapitulated in vitro. In the FAO model,treatment with arecoline, a major pathogenic component in areca nuts, enhanced the secretion of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 by epithelial cells, which then promoted the expression of THBS1 in fibroblasts. Furthermore, human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs)were incorporated into the FAO to mimic the vascularized component. Overexpression of THBS1 in fibroblasts drastically suppressed the sprouting ability of endothelial cells in vascularized FAOs (v FAOs). Consistently, treatment with arecoline reduced the expression of CD31in v FAOs, and this effect was attenuated when the endothelial cells were preincubated with neutralizing antibody of CD36, a receptor of THBS1. Finally, in an arecoline-induced rat OSF model, THBS1 inhibition alleviated collagen deposition and the decline in vascularity in vivo. Overall, we exploited an assembled organoid model to study OSF pathogenesis and provide a rationale for targeting THBS1.

Plant life form determines spatiotemporal variability and climate response of plant seed rain in subtropical forests

Spatiotemporal variation of seed rain reflects the response of plants in terms of their reproductive strategy to environmental gradients.In this study,we collected seeds from four sites in the Dalaoling Nature Reserve,Hubei Province,China,between 2011 and 2014,measured seed output and seed mass as seed rain traits,and compared their interannual and elevational variation.Then,we ran phylogenetic generalized mixed linear models(PGLMMs) to explore the effects of temperature and precipitation as well as interspecific differences on seed rain,and fitted the best regression models for seed rain vs.weather of canopy and understory species.The results showed no correlation between values of seed output and seed mass.However,the variation of the two traits showed significantly positive correlation.Seed output of canopy species generally decreased with increasing elevation,and showed significant interannual difference;however,seed output of understory species and seed mass for both canopy and understory species did not show consistency tends along elevational or in interannual variation.Seed output was significantly affected by temperature and precipitation,while seed mass mainly varied due to interspecific differences.Weather explained more the variation of the seed output of canopy species than that of understory species,with R^(2) values of 43.0%and 29.9%,respectively.These results suggested that canopy plants contributed more to the reproductive dynamics of the whole communities,and the canopy's buffer effect on the underground weakened the response of understory plants to weather variation in terms of their reproductive strategy.

Two become one:combination of two risk factors in a new glaucoma animal model

Glaucoma is a group of eye diseases characterized by progressive loss of retinal ganglion cells(RGCs)and optic nerve degeneration.During this process,the visual field is reduced,and blindness may ultimately occur.Worldwide,glaucoma is the second leading cause of blindness,with about 80 million people affected.Glaucoma is a multifactorial disease and due to its complexity,the exact pathomechanisms are not fully understood yet.However,different risk factors,such as elevated intraocular pressure(IOP),age,or myopia,have been identified to date(EGS,2021).

Casein kinase-2 inhibition promotes retinal ganglion cell survival after acute intraocular pressure elevation

Intraocular pressure elevation can induce retinal ganglion cell death and is a clinically reversible risk factor for glaucoma,the leading cause of irreversible blindness.We previously demonstrated that casein kinase-2 inhibition can promote retinal ganglion cell survival and axonal regeneration in rats after optic nerve injury.To investigate the underlying mechanism,in the current study we increased the intraocular pressure of adult rats to 75 mmHg for 2 hours and then administered a casein kinase-2 inhibitor(4,5,6,7-tetrabromo-2-azabenzimidazole or 2-dimethylamino-4,5,6,7-tetrabromo-1H-benzimidazole)by intravitreal injection.We found that intravitreal injection of 4,5,6,7-tetrabromo-2-azabenzimidazole or 2-dimethylamino-4,5,6,7-tetrabromo-1H-benzimidazole promoted retinal ganglion cell survival and reduced the number of infiltrating macrophages.Transcriptomic analysis showed that the mitogen activated protein kinase signaling pathway was involved in the response to intraocular pressure elevation but was not modulated by the casein kinase-2 inhibitors.Furthermore,casein kinase-2 inhibition downregulated the expression of genes(Cck,Htrsa,Nef1,Htrlb,Prph,Chat,Slc18a3,Slc5a7,Scn1b,Crybb2,Tsga10ip,and Vstm21)involved in intraocular pressure elevation.Our data indicate that inhibition of casein kinase-2 can enhance retinal ganglion cell survival in rats after acute intraocular pressure elevation via macrophage inactivation.

Recurrent malignant hyperthermia after scoliosis correction surgery

Malignant hyperthermia(MH)is a genetic disorder of skeletal muscle cells that affects muscle cytoplasmic calcium homeostasis,with high mortality and low morbidity.Generally,it presents with non-specific signs of a hypermetabolic response,including high fever,tachycardia,and elevated end-tidal carbon dioxide(ETCO_(2)).The successful treatment lies in the timely recognition and early use of dantrolene.[1]As an inhibitor of Ca2+release through ryanodine receptor(RYR)channels,the skeletal muscle relaxant dantrolene has proven to be both a valuable experimental probe of intracellular Ca2+signaling and a lifesaving treatment for MH.[2]Dominant mutations in the skeletal muscle RYR1 gene are well-recognized causes of both malignant hyperthermia susceptibility(MHS)and central core disease(CCD).

Technical efficiency of cocoa farms at varying elevation levels in Davao City, Philippines: implications to sustainable upland farming systems

Elevation is one of many components that influence agriculture, and this in turn affects the level of both inputs and outputs of farmers. This article focuses on the productivity and technical efficiency of 100 cocoa farms using cross-sectional data from areas ranging from 190 to 1021 m above sea level which were classified as low, medium, and high elevation in Davao City, considered as the chocolate capital of the Philippines. Using stochastic frontier analysis, the results showed that the cost of inputs per ha and the number of cocoa trees per ha significantly increase yield. Farms at high elevations were less technically efficient, as this entails lower temperatures and increased rainfall, and cocoa farming in those areas and conditions can be more challenging, especially with changes in farming practices, terrain, and distance to markets. Other significant variables were age of cocoa farms, married farmers, and age of the farmers. Older farms may be more developed, farmers who are married benefit from their spouses being able to readily contribute as farm labor, and lastly, older farmers' inefficiency may likely stem from nonadaptation of newer farming practices. With an average technical efficiency of 0.61, 0.63, and 0.26 in low, medium, and high elevation areas, respectively, farmers therefore have an incentive to improve farm practices and consider topographical variations found in high elevation areas. Recommendations for the improvement of technical efficiency of cocoa farms are better connectivity to markets, enhancing farm practices, and continuation and improvement of government programs on cocoa with an added emphasis on research. For farmers in high elevation areas, mitigating solutions such as sustainable agriculture practices and ecolabelling are key to improving efficiency and minimizing the potential negative impact on upland farming systems. Moreover, such adaptation measures may also contribute to sustainability of cocoa farming in high elevation areas.

Brain regulates weight bearing bone through PGE2 skeletal interoception: implication of ankle osteoarthritis and pain

Bone is a mechanosensitive tissue and undergoes constant remodeling to adapt to the mechanical loading environment.However,it is unclear whether the signals of bone cells in response to mechanical stress are processed and interpreted in the brain.In this study,we found that the hypothalamus of the brain regulates bone remodeling and structure by perceiving bone prostaglandin E2(PGE2)concentration in response to mechanical loading.Bone PGE2 levels are in proportion to their weight bearing.When weight bearing changes in the tail-suspension mice,the PGE2 concentrations in bones change in line with their weight bearing changes.Deletion of cyclooxygenase-2(COX2)in the osteoblast lineage cells or knockout of receptor 4(EP4)in sensory nerve blunts bone formation in response to mechanical loading.Moreover,knockout of TrkA in sensory nerve also significantly reduces mechanical load-induced bone formation.Moreover,mechanical loading induces cAMP-response element binding protein(CREB)phosphorylation in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus(ARC)to inhibit sympathetic tyrosine hydroxylase(TH)expression in the paraventricular nucleus(PVN)for osteogenesis.Finally,we show that elevated PGE2 is associated with ankle osteoarthritis(AOA)and pain.Together,our data demonstrate that in response to mechanical loading,skeletal interoception occurs in the form of hypothalamic processing of PGE2-driven peripheral signaling to maintain physiologic bone homeostasis,while chronically elevated PGE2 can be sensed as pain during AOA and implication of potential treatment.

The diagnostic value of tenascin-C in acute aortic syndrome

OBJECTIVES Misdiagnosis of acute aortic syndrome(AAS)significantly increases mortality.Tenascin-C(TN-C)is an extracellular matrix glycoprotein related to cardiovascular injury.The elevation of TN-C in AAS and whether it can discriminate suddenonset of acute chest pain in Chinese remains unclear.METHODS We measured the plasma concentration of TN-C by ELISA in a cohort of 376 patients with chest or back pain.Measures to discriminate AAS from acute coronary syndrome(ACS)were compared and calculated.RESULTS From October 2016 to September 2021,376 undiagnosed patients with chest or back pain were enrolled.166 of them were finally diagnosed as AAS,100 were ACS and 110 without cardiovascular diseases(NCV).TN-C was significantly elevated in AAS at 18.18 ng/mL(IQR:13.10–27.68)compared with 7.51 ng/mL(IQR:5.67–11.38)in ACS(P<0.001)and 3.68 ng/mL(IQR:2.50–5.29)in NCV(P<0.001).There was no significant difference in TN-C level among the subtypes of AAS.Of the 166 AAS patients,the peaked level of TN-C was at acute stage(P=0.012),then a slight of decrease was observed at subacute stage.The area under receiver operating characteristic curve for AAS patients versus NCV was 0.979(95%CI:0.964-0.994)for TN-C.At a cutoff level of 11.474 ng/mL,TN-C has a sensitivity of 76.0%,specificity of 85.5%,accuracy of 82.0%,positive predictive value(PPV)of 76.0%,negative predictive value(NPV)of 85.5%.Diagnostic performance of TN-C was superior to D-dimer and hs-cTnT.CONCLUSIONS The concentration of serum TN-C in AAS patients was significantly higher than that in ACS patients and NCV.TN-C could be a new biomarker to distinguish AAS patients in the early stage after symptoms onset from other pain diseases.

The storage and utilization of carbohydrates in response to elevation mediated by tree organs in subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forests

Global climate change can affect tree growth and carbon sink function by influencing plant carbohydrate synthesis and utilization,while elevation can be used as an ideal setting under natural conditions to simulate climate change effects.The effect of elevation on tree growth may depend on organ type.However,the allocation patterns of nonstructural and structural carbohydrates(NSCs and SCs,respectively)in different tree organs and their response to elevation remain unclear.We selected four dominant tree species,Schima superba,Castanopsis eyrei,Castanopsis fargesii and Michelia maudiae,along an elevation gradient from 609 to 1,207 m in subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forests and analyzed leaf,trunk,and fine root NSCs,carbon(C),nitrogen(N)and phosphorus(P)concentrations and the relative abundance of SCs.Leaf NSCs increased initially and then decreased,and trunk NSCs increased with increasing elevation.However,root NSCs decreased with increasing elevation.The relative abundance of SCs in leaves and trunks decreased,while the relative abundance of root SCs increased with increasing elevation.No significant correlations between SCs and NSCs in leaves were detected,while there were negative correlations between SCs and NSCs in trunks,roots,and all organs.Hierarchical partitioning analysis indicated that plant C/N and C/P were the main predictors of changes in SCs and NSCs.Our results suggest that tree organs have divergent responses to elevation and that increasing elevation will inhibit the aboveground part growth and enhance the root growth of trees.A tradeoff between the C distribution used for growth and storage was confirmed along the elevation gradient,which is mainly manifested in the"sink"organs of NSCs.Our results provide insight into tree growth in the context of global climate change scenarios in subtropical forest ecosystems.

Elevational patterns of warming effects on plant community and topsoil properties: focus on subalpine meadows ecosystem

Climate warming profoundly affects plant biodiversity, community productivity, and soil properties in alpine and subalpine grassland ecosystems. However, these effects are poorly understood across elevational gradients in subalpine meadow ecosystems. To reveal the elevational patterns of warming effects on plant biodiversity, community structure, productivity, and soil properties, we conducted a warming experiment using open-top chambers from August 2019 to August 2022 at high(2764 m a. s. l.), medium(2631 m a. s. l.), and low(2544 m a. s. l.) elevational gradients on a subalpine meadow slope of Mount Wutai, Northern China. Our results showed that three years of warming significantly increased topsoil temperature but significantly decreased topsoil moisture at all elevations(P<0.05), and the percentage of increasing temperature and decreasing moisture both gradually raised with elevation lifting. Warming-induced decreasing proportions of soil organic carbon(SOC, by 19.24%), and total nitrogen(TN, by 24.56%) were the greatest at high elevational gradients. Experimental warming did not affect topsoil C: N, p H, NO_(3)^(-)-N, or NH_(4)^(+)-N at the three elevational gradients. Warming significantly increased species richness(P<0.01) and Shannon-Weiner index(P<0.05) at low elevational gradients but significantly decreased belowground biomass(P<0.05) at a depth of 0–10 cm at three elevational gradients. Warming caused significant increases in the aboveground biomass in the three elevational plots. Warming significantly increased the aboveground biomass of graminoids in medium(by 92.47%) and low(by 98.25%) elevational gradients, that of sedges in high(by 72.44%) and medium(by 57.16%) elevational plots, and that of forbs in high(by 75.88%), medium(by 34.38%), and low(by 74.95%) elevational plots. Species richness had significant linear correlations with SOC, TN, and C: N(P<0.05), but significant nonlinear responses to soil temperature and soil moisture in the warmed treatment(P<0.05). The warmed aboveground biomass had a significant nonlinear response to soil temperature and significant linear responses to soil moisture(P<0.05). This study provided evidence that altitude is a factor in sensitivity to climate warming, and these different parameters(e.g., plant species richness, Shannon-Weiner index, soil temperature, soil moisture, SOC, and TN) can be used to measure this sensitivity.

High temperature deformation and recrystallization behavior of magnesium bicrystals with 90°<1010>and 90°<1120>tilt grain boundaries

The deformation mechanisms and dynamic recrystallization(DRX)behavior of specifically grown bicrystals with a symmetric 90°<1010>and 90°<1120>tilt grain boundary,respectively,were investigated under deformation in plane strain compression at 200℃and 400℃.The microstructures were analyzed by panoramic optical microscopy and large-area electron backscatter diffraction(EBSD)orientation mapping.The analysis employed a meticulous approach utilizing hundreds of individual,small EBSD maps with a small step size that were stitched together to provide comprehensive access to orientation and misorientation data on a macroscopic scale.Basal slip primarily governed the early stages of deformation at the two temperatures,and the resulting shear induced lattice rotation around the transverse direction(TD)of the sample.The existence of the grain boundary gave rise to dislocation pile-up in its vicinity,leading to much larger TD-lattice rotations within the boundary region compared to the bulk.With increasing temperature,the deformation was generally more uniform towards the bulk due to enhanced dislocation mobility and more uniform stress distribution.Dynamic recrystallization at 200℃was initiated in{1011}-compression twins at strains of 40%and higher.At 400℃,DRX consumed the entire grain boundary region and gradually replaced the deformed microstructure with progressing deformation.The recrystallized grains displayed characteristic orientations,such that their c-axes were perpendicular to the TD and additionally scattered between 0°and 60°from the loading axis.These recrystallized grains displayed mutual rotations of up to 30°around the c-axes of the initial grains,forming a discernible basal fiber texture component,prominently visible in the{1120}pole figure.It is noteworthy that the deformation and DRX behaviors of the two analyzed bicrystals exhibited marginal variations in response to strain and deformation temperature.

Hydrodynamic characteristics and particle tracking of 90° lateral intakes at an inclined river slope

Lateral intakes are common in rivers.The pump effciency and sediment deposition are determined by the local hydrodynamic characteristics and mainstream division width.The hydraulic characteristics of lateral withdrawal from inclined river slopes at different intake elevations should be investigated.Meanwhile,the division width exhibits significant vertical non-uniformity at an inclined river slope,which should be clarified.Hence,a three-dimensional(3-D)hydrodynamic and particle-tracking model was developed with the Open Source Field Operation and Manipulation(Open FOAM),and the model was validated with physical model tests for 90°lateral withdrawal from an inclined side bank.The flow fields,withdrawal sources,and division widths were investigated with different intake bottom elevations,withdrawal discharges,and main channel velocities.This study showed that under inclined side bank conditions,water entered the intake at an oblique angle,causing significant 3-D spiral flows in the intake rather than two-dimensional closed recirculation.A lower withdrawal discharge,a lower bottom elevation of the intake,or a higher main channel velocity could further strengthen this phenomenon.The average division width and turbulent kinetic energy were smaller under inclined side bank conditions than under vertical bank conditions.With a low intake bottom elevation,a low withdrawal discharge,or a high main channel velocity,the sources of lateral withdrawal were in similar ranges near the local inclined bank in the vertical direction.Under inclined slope conditions,sediment deposition near the intake entrance could be reduced,compared to that under vertical slope conditions.The results provide hydrodynamic and sediment references for engineering designs for natural rivers with inclined terrains.

Metadherin-driven promotion of cancer stem cell phenotypes and its effect on immunity in hepatocellular carcinoma

In this editorial we provide commentary on the article published by Wang et al,featured in the recent issue of the World Journal of Gastroenterology in 2024.We focus on the metadherin(MTDH),also known as astrocyte elevated gene-1 or lysine rich CEACAM1,and its effects on cancer stem cells(CSCs)and immunity in hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).HCC is the most common primary liver cancer and one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide.Most HCC cases develop in the context of liver cirrhosis.Among the pivotal mechanisms of carcinogenesis are gene mutations,dysregulation of diverse signaling pathways,epigenetic alterations,hepatitis B virus-induced hepatocarcinogenesis,chronic inflammation,impact of tumor microenvironment,oxidative stress.Over the years,extensive research has been conducted on the MTDH role in various tumor pathologies,such as lung,breast,ovarian,gastric,hepatocellular,colorectal,renal carcinoma,neuroblastoma,melanoma,and leukemias.Specifically,its involvement in tumor development processes including transformation,apoptosis evasion,angiogenesis,invasion,and metastasis via multiple signaling pathways.It has been demonstrated that knockdown or knockout of MTDH disrupt tumor development and metastasis.In addition,numerous reports have been carried out regarding the MTDH influence on HCC,demonstrating its role as a predictor of poor prognosis,aggressive tumor phenotypes prone to metastasis and recurrence,and exhibiting significant potential for therapy resistance.Finally,more studies finely investigated the influence of MTDH on CSCs.The CSCs are a small subpopulation of tumor cells that sharing traits with normal stem cells like self-renewal and differentiation abilities,alongside a high plasticity that alters their phenotype.Beyond their presumed role in tumor initiation,they can drive also disease relapse,metastasis,and resistance to chemo and radiotherapy.

Changes in posterior corneal elevation after small incision lenticule extraction for different myopic diopters

●AIM:To study the changes and effect factors of posterior corneal surface after small incision lenticule extraction(SMILE)with different myopic diopters.●METHODS:Ninety eyes of 90 patients who underwent SMILE were included in this retrospective study.Patients were allocated into three groups based on the preoperative spherical equivalent(SE):low myopia(SE≥-3.00 D),moderate myopia(-3.00 D>SE>-6.00 D)and high myopia(SE≤-6.00 D).Posterior corneal surfaces were measured by a Scheimpflug camera preoperatively and different postoperative times(1wk,1,3,6mo,and 1y).Posterior mean elevation(PME)at 25 predetermined points of 3 concentric circles(2-,4-,and 6-mm diameter)above the best fit sphere was analyzed.●RESULTS:All surgeries were completed uneventfully and no ectasia was found through the observation.The difference of myopia group was significant at the 2-mm ring at 1 and 3mo postoperatively(1mo:P=0.017;3mo:P=0.018).The effect of time onΔPME was statistically significant(2-mm ring:P=0.001;4-mm ring:P<0.001;6-mm ring:P<0.001).The effect of different corneal locations onΔPME was significant except 1wk postoperatively(1mo:P=0.000;3mo:P=0.000;6mo:P=0.001;1y:P=0.001).Posterior corneal stability was linearly correlated with SE,central corneal thickness,ablation depth,residual bed thickness,percent ablation depth and percent stromal bed thickness.●CONCLUSION:The posterior corneal surface changes dynamically after SMILE.No protrusion is observed on the posterior corneal surface in patients with different degrees of myopia within one year after surgery.SMILE has good stability,accuracy,safety and predictability.

The variation in basal channels and basal melt rates of Pine Island Ice Shelf

In recent years,there has been a significant acceleration in the thinning,calving and retreat of the Pine Island Ice Shelf(PIIS).The basal channels,results of enhanced basal melting,have the potential to significantly impact the stability of the PIIS.In this study,we used a variety of remote sensing data,including Landsat,REMA DEM,ICESat-1 and ICESat-2 satellite altimetry observations,and Ice Bridge airborne measurements,to study the spatiotemporal changes in the basal channels from 2003 to 2020 and basal melt rate from 2010 to 2017 of the PIIS under the Eulerian framework.We found that the basal channels are highly developed in the PIIS,with a total length exceeding 450 km.Most of the basal channels are ocean-sourced or groundingline-sourced basal channels,caused by the rapid melting under the ice shelf or near the groundingline.A raised seabed prevented warm water intrusion into the eastern branch of the PIIS,resulting in a lower basal melt rate in that area.In contrast,a deepsea trough facilitates warm seawater into the mainstream and the western branch of the PIIS,resulting in a higher basal melt rate in the main-stream,and the surface elevation changes above the basal channels of the mainstream and western branch are more significant.The El Ni?o event in 2015–2016 possibly slowed down the basal melting of the PIIS by modulating wind field,surface sea temperature and depth seawater temperature.Ocean and atmospheric changes were driven by El Ni?o,which can further explain and confirm the changes in the basal melting of the PIIS.

Distribution of gene polymorphisms associated with aspirin antiplatelet in the Han NSTEMI population

Objective:To analyze the genotype and allele distribution characteristics of GPⅢa PLA2(rs5918),PEAR1(rs12041331),and PTGS1(rs10306114)genes related to the antiplatelet pharmacological effects of aspirin,providing reference for individualized treatment of Chinese Han NSTEMI patients.Methods:A total of 107 Han patients with NSTEMI in Beijing Luhe Hospital affiliated to Capital Medical University from January 2016 to December 2022 were selected as the research subjects.The genotypes of GPⅢa PLA2(rs5918),PEAR1(rs12041331)and PTGS1(rs10306114)were detected by fluorescence staining in situ hybridization.The frequency distribution and allele distribution of genotype were analyzed.The results were analyzed whether there were statistical differences in the distribution of related alleles between the Han NSTEMI population and some populations in the 1000 Genomes database.Results:In the Han NSTEMI population,the genotype frequencies of GPⅢa PLA2(rs5918)locus were TT 97.20%,TC 2.80%and CC 0%,the allele frequencies were T 98.60%and C 1.40%.The genotype frequencies of PEAR1(rs12041331)locus were GG 42.06%,GA 44.86%and AA 13.08%,the allele frequencies were G 64.49%and A 35.51%.The genotypes at the PTGS1(rs10306114)locus were all AA(100%),no AG or GG genotype was found.Conclusion:In the NSTEMI population of Han nationality,the mutation at GPⅢa PLA2(rs5918)site related to aspirin antiplatelet pharmacology is rare,and there is no mutation at PTGS1(rs10306114)site.Wild homozygotes are dominant in these two gene loci,while mutations in PEAR1(rs12041331)are more common.Some of the findings in this study are similar to those in previous reports or other populations included in the relevant database;however,some results differ from previous reports or other populations。