Unexpected dealkylation of Bischler-Napieralski cyclization of 2-(3,4-dimethoxy-2- nitro-phenyl)-N-[2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl) ethyl]-N-[(S)-1-phenyl-ethyl] acetamide 3 was reported. The electronic effect of the substitu...Unexpected dealkylation of Bischler-Napieralski cyclization of 2-(3,4-dimethoxy-2- nitro-phenyl)-N-[2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl) ethyl]-N-[(S)-1-phenyl-ethyl] acetamide 3 was reported. The electronic effect of the substituent at 2-position of C ring was also discussed.展开更多
A new synthesis of 1 - (ω- haloalkyl ) -imidazole has been developed. The synthesisinvolves a Hoffmann-type elimination of the 2-cyanoethyl group from inddazolium salts obtainedby the reaction of α,ω-dihalide with ...A new synthesis of 1 - (ω- haloalkyl ) -imidazole has been developed. The synthesisinvolves a Hoffmann-type elimination of the 2-cyanoethyl group from inddazolium salts obtainedby the reaction of α,ω-dihalide with 1-(2-cyanoethyl)-imidazole.展开更多
针对传统的自动色彩均衡算法时间复杂度高的问题,提出了一种基于改进的自动色彩均衡(Automatic Color Equalization, ACE)快速去雾算法。算法以ACE算法为基础,引入改进的拉普拉斯金字塔算法,得到一种快速去雾算法。在拉普拉斯金字塔算...针对传统的自动色彩均衡算法时间复杂度高的问题,提出了一种基于改进的自动色彩均衡(Automatic Color Equalization, ACE)快速去雾算法。算法以ACE算法为基础,引入改进的拉普拉斯金字塔算法,得到一种快速去雾算法。在拉普拉斯金字塔算法上结合雾天图像还原原理,设定像素阈值,减少拉普拉斯子金字塔的层数。在ACE算法上通过缩小像素中心点邻域的大小来减少像素之间的比较次数,并在每层金字塔上应用改进的ACE算法,达到降低运算复杂度的效果。在金字塔重构上根据图像亮度信息来计算待融合图像的权重。实验结果表明,上述算法有效的增强了图像视觉效果,降低了运算复杂度,便于实际应用。展开更多
Background:The China’s 1-3-7 strategy was initiated and extensively adopted in different types of counties(geographic regions)for reporting of malaria cases within 1 day,their confirmation and investigation within 3 ...Background:The China’s 1-3-7 strategy was initiated and extensively adopted in different types of counties(geographic regions)for reporting of malaria cases within 1 day,their confirmation and investigation within 3 days,and the appropriate public health response to prevent further transmission within 7 days.Assessing the level of compliance to the 1-3-7 strategy at the county level is a first step towards determining whether the surveillance and response strategy is happening according to plan.This study assessed if the time-bound targets of the 1-3-7 strategy were being sustained over time.Such information would be useful to improve implementation of the 1-3-7 strategy in China.Methods:This cross-sectional study involved country-wide programmatic data for the period January 1st 2013 to June 30th 2014.Data variables were extracted from the national malaria information system and included socio-demographic information,type of county,date of diagnosis,date of reporting,date of case investigation,case classification(indigenous,or imported,or unknown),focus investigation,date of reactive case detection(RACD),and date of indoor residual spraying(IRS).Summary statistics and proportions were used and comparisons between groups were assessed using the chi-square test.Level of significance was set at a P-value≤0.05.Results:Of a total of 5,688 malaria cases from 731 counties,there were 55(1%)indigenous cases(only in Type 1 and Type 2 counties)and 5,633(99%)imported cases from all types of counties.There was no delay in reporting malaria cases by type of county.In terms of case investigation,97.5%cases were investigated within 3 days with the proportion of delays(1.5%)in type 2 counties,being significantly lower than type 1 counties(4.1%).Regarding active foci,96.4%were treated by RACD and/or IRS.Conclusions:The performance of 1-3-7 strategy was encouraging but identified some challenges that if addressed can further improve implementation.展开更多
文摘Unexpected dealkylation of Bischler-Napieralski cyclization of 2-(3,4-dimethoxy-2- nitro-phenyl)-N-[2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl) ethyl]-N-[(S)-1-phenyl-ethyl] acetamide 3 was reported. The electronic effect of the substituent at 2-position of C ring was also discussed.
文摘A new synthesis of 1 - (ω- haloalkyl ) -imidazole has been developed. The synthesisinvolves a Hoffmann-type elimination of the 2-cyanoethyl group from inddazolium salts obtainedby the reaction of α,ω-dihalide with 1-(2-cyanoethyl)-imidazole.
文摘针对传统的自动色彩均衡算法时间复杂度高的问题,提出了一种基于改进的自动色彩均衡(Automatic Color Equalization, ACE)快速去雾算法。算法以ACE算法为基础,引入改进的拉普拉斯金字塔算法,得到一种快速去雾算法。在拉普拉斯金字塔算法上结合雾天图像还原原理,设定像素阈值,减少拉普拉斯子金字塔的层数。在ACE算法上通过缩小像素中心点邻域的大小来减少像素之间的比较次数,并在每层金字塔上应用改进的ACE算法,达到降低运算复杂度的效果。在金字塔重构上根据图像亮度信息来计算待融合图像的权重。实验结果表明,上述算法有效的增强了图像视觉效果,降低了运算复杂度,便于实际应用。
基金This research was conducted through the Structured Operational Research and Training Initiative(SORT IT),a global partnership led by the Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases at the World Health Organization(WHO/TDR).The model is based on a course developed jointly by the International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease(The Union)and Medécins sans Frontières(MSF).The specific SORT IT programme which resulted in this publication was jointly developed and implemented by:The Centre for Operational Research,The Union,Paris,FranceThe Operational Research Unit(LUXOR),Medécins Sans Frontières,Brussels Operational Center,Luxembourg+1 种基金The Union,South-East Asia Regional Office,New Delhi,Indiaand The Centre for International Health,University of Bergen,Norway The programme was supported and funded by Asia Pacific Malaria Elimination Network(APMEN,Grant 108-06),Bloomberg Philanthropies,The Union,MSF,the Department for International Development(DFID),UK and the World Health Organization.La Fondation Veuve Emile Metz-Tesch supported open access publications costs.The funders except for APMEN had no role in study design,data collection and analysis,decision to publish,or preparation of the manuscript.APMEN support the data collection and data analysis.
文摘Background:The China’s 1-3-7 strategy was initiated and extensively adopted in different types of counties(geographic regions)for reporting of malaria cases within 1 day,their confirmation and investigation within 3 days,and the appropriate public health response to prevent further transmission within 7 days.Assessing the level of compliance to the 1-3-7 strategy at the county level is a first step towards determining whether the surveillance and response strategy is happening according to plan.This study assessed if the time-bound targets of the 1-3-7 strategy were being sustained over time.Such information would be useful to improve implementation of the 1-3-7 strategy in China.Methods:This cross-sectional study involved country-wide programmatic data for the period January 1st 2013 to June 30th 2014.Data variables were extracted from the national malaria information system and included socio-demographic information,type of county,date of diagnosis,date of reporting,date of case investigation,case classification(indigenous,or imported,or unknown),focus investigation,date of reactive case detection(RACD),and date of indoor residual spraying(IRS).Summary statistics and proportions were used and comparisons between groups were assessed using the chi-square test.Level of significance was set at a P-value≤0.05.Results:Of a total of 5,688 malaria cases from 731 counties,there were 55(1%)indigenous cases(only in Type 1 and Type 2 counties)and 5,633(99%)imported cases from all types of counties.There was no delay in reporting malaria cases by type of county.In terms of case investigation,97.5%cases were investigated within 3 days with the proportion of delays(1.5%)in type 2 counties,being significantly lower than type 1 counties(4.1%).Regarding active foci,96.4%were treated by RACD and/or IRS.Conclusions:The performance of 1-3-7 strategy was encouraging but identified some challenges that if addressed can further improve implementation.
