To strengthen border patrol measures, unmanned aerial vehicles(UAVs) are gradually used in many countries to detect illegal entries on borders. However, how to efficiently deploy limited UAVs to patrol on borders of l...To strengthen border patrol measures, unmanned aerial vehicles(UAVs) are gradually used in many countries to detect illegal entries on borders. However, how to efficiently deploy limited UAVs to patrol on borders of large areas remains challenging. In this paper, we first model the problem of deploying UAVs for border patrol as a Stackelberg game. Two players are considered in this game: The border patrol agency is the leader,who optimizes the patrol path of UAVs to detect the illegal immigrant. The illegal immigrant is the follower, who selects a certain area of the border to pass through at a certain time after observing the leader’s strategy. Second, a compact linear programming problem is proposed to tackle the exponential growth of the number of leader’s strategies. Third, a method is proposed to reduce the size of the strategy space of the follower. Then, we provide some theoretic results to present the effect of parameters of the model on leader’s utilities. Experimental results demonstrate the positive effect of limited starting and ending areas of UAV’s patrolling conditions and multiple patrolling altitudes on the leader ’s utility, and show that the proposed solution outperforms two conventional patrol strategies and has strong robustness.展开更多
Ethyl carbamate (EC) is a common harmful by-product in fermented foods and can be derived from raw materials or formed during the fermentation or even in the post-treatment.Its content can be affected by temperature,m...Ethyl carbamate (EC) is a common harmful by-product in fermented foods and can be derived from raw materials or formed during the fermentation or even in the post-treatment.Its content can be affected by temperature,microorganisms,technological processes,and other factors.In this review,we summarized the technologies and their applications for EC elimination in fermented foods in the light of upstream processes,such as raw material pretreatment,lower temperature,breeding microorganisms,and exogenous substances,to the downstream enzymatic method and physical adsorption.The review covers different strategies to eliminate EC,such as strain breeding,genetic engineering,enzyme,and physicochemical strategies.By comparing these strategies,practical strategies for the efficient elimination of EC in different fermented foods on an industrial scale have been discussed and proposed in consideration of flavor,food safety and feasibility of an industrial application.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (71971075,71871079)the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2019YFE0110300)+1 种基金the Anhui Provincial Natural Science Foundation (1808085MG213)the Fundamental R esearch Funds for the Central Universities (PA2019GDPK0082)。
文摘To strengthen border patrol measures, unmanned aerial vehicles(UAVs) are gradually used in many countries to detect illegal entries on borders. However, how to efficiently deploy limited UAVs to patrol on borders of large areas remains challenging. In this paper, we first model the problem of deploying UAVs for border patrol as a Stackelberg game. Two players are considered in this game: The border patrol agency is the leader,who optimizes the patrol path of UAVs to detect the illegal immigrant. The illegal immigrant is the follower, who selects a certain area of the border to pass through at a certain time after observing the leader’s strategy. Second, a compact linear programming problem is proposed to tackle the exponential growth of the number of leader’s strategies. Third, a method is proposed to reduce the size of the strategy space of the follower. Then, we provide some theoretic results to present the effect of parameters of the model on leader’s utilities. Experimental results demonstrate the positive effect of limited starting and ending areas of UAV’s patrolling conditions and multiple patrolling altitudes on the leader ’s utility, and show that the proposed solution outperforms two conventional patrol strategies and has strong robustness.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2017YFC1600403)the Foundation for Innovative Research Groups of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32021005)the National Science Fund for Excellent Young Scholars(21822806).
文摘Ethyl carbamate (EC) is a common harmful by-product in fermented foods and can be derived from raw materials or formed during the fermentation or even in the post-treatment.Its content can be affected by temperature,microorganisms,technological processes,and other factors.In this review,we summarized the technologies and their applications for EC elimination in fermented foods in the light of upstream processes,such as raw material pretreatment,lower temperature,breeding microorganisms,and exogenous substances,to the downstream enzymatic method and physical adsorption.The review covers different strategies to eliminate EC,such as strain breeding,genetic engineering,enzyme,and physicochemical strategies.By comparing these strategies,practical strategies for the efficient elimination of EC in different fermented foods on an industrial scale have been discussed and proposed in consideration of flavor,food safety and feasibility of an industrial application.
