Determining the keyhole geometry based on double-elliptic distribution of plasma arc pressure

The plasma arc pressure plays an important role in determining the keyhole formation and size. So it is of great significance to choose adaptive distribution mode of the plasma arc pressure for determining keyhole shape and size. In this study, through employing a double-elliptic distribution mode of plasma arc pressure, three-dimensional keyhole was numerically simulated. The unsymmetric feature of the keyhole inside the weld pool was described. The development of keyhole was demonstrated under different levels of welding current. The critical current required to form an open keyhole was obtained for the study cases .

Steering the energy sharing of electrons in nonsequential double ionization with orthogonally polarized two-color field

Using the semiclassical ensemble model,the dependence of relative amplitude for the recollision dynamics in nonsequential double ionization(NSDI)of neon atom driven by the orthogonally polarized two-color field(OTC)laser field is theoretically studied.And the dynamics in two typical collision pathways,recollision-impact-ionization(RII)and recollisionexcitation with subsequent ionization(RESI),is systematically explored.Our results reveal that the V-shaped structure in the correlated momentum distribution is mainly caused by the RII mechanism when the relative amplitude of the OTC laser field is zero,and the first ionized electrons will quickly skim through the nucleus and share few energy with the second electron.As the relative amplitude increases,the V-shaped structure gradually disappears and electrons are concentrated on the diagonal in the electron correlation spectrum,indicating that the energy sharing after electrons collision is symmetric for OTC laser fields with large relative amplitudes.Our studies show that changing the relative amplitude of the OTC laser field can efficiently control the electron–electron collisions and energy exchange efficiency in the NSDI process.

Effect of elliptical polarizations on nonsequential double ionization in two-color elliptically polarized laser fields

Using the classical ensemble model, we investigate the nonsequential double ionization（NSDI） of Ar and Mg in the two-color elliptically polarized laser pulse for different elliptical polarizations. Numerical results show that for Ar atoms the NSDI yield increases as the ellipticity increases, which is different from the case of Mg atoms. Moreover, the correlated behavior in the correlated electron momentum along the x direction and ion momentum distributions of Ar atoms are influenced by the ellipticity. By statistical analysis of different times, we can conclude that the ellipticity may be responsible for the NSDI processes. The correlated momenta distributions along the x direction at the recollision time are demonstrated and the results show that the travelling time and ellipticity can affect the emitted directions of both electrons.

Numerical investigation of velocity distribution of turbulent flow through vertically double-layered vegetation

The velocity structures of flow through vertically double-layered vegetation(VDLV)as well as single-layered rigid vegetation(SLV)were investigated computationally with a three-dimensional(3D)Reynolds stress turbulence model,using the computational fluid dynamics(CFD)code FLUENT.The detailed velocity distribution was explored with a varying initial Froude number(Fr),with consideration of the steady subcritical flow conditions of an inland tsunami.In VDLV flows,the numerical model successfully captured the inflection point in the profiles of mean streamwise velocities in the mixing-layer region around the top of short submerged vegetation.An upward and downward movement of flow occurred at the positions located just behind the tall and short vegetation,respectively.Overall,higher streamwise velocities were observed in the upper vegetation layer due to high porosity,with Pr=98%(sparse vegetation,where Pr is the porosity),as compared to those in the lower vegetation layer,which had comparatively low porosity,with Pr=91%(dense vegetation).A rising trend of velocities was found as the flow passed through the vegetation region,followed by a clear sawtooth distribution,as compared to the regions just upstream and downstream of vegetation where the flow was almost uniform.In VDLV flows,a rising trend in the flow resistance was observed with the increase in the initial Froude number,i.e.,Fr?0.67,0.70,and 0.73.However,the flow resistance in the case of SLV was relatively very low.The numerical results also show the flow structures within the vicinity of short and tall vegetation,which are difficult to attain through experimental measurements.

Mechanical properties of double-stranded DNA biofilm with Gaussian distribution

In microcantilever-based label-free biodetection technologies, deflection changes induced by adsorptions of double-stranded DNA （dsDNA） molecules on Au-layer surface are greatly affected by the mechanical, thermal and electrical properties of DNA biofilm. In this paper, the elastic properties of dsDNA biofilm are studied. First, the Parsegian＇s empirical potential based on a mesoscopic liq- uid crystal theory is employed to describe the interaction energy among coarse-grained DNA cylinders. Then, con- sidering a Gaussian distribution of DNA interaxial distance, the thought experiment method is used to derive an analyti- cal expression for Young＇s modulus of DNA biofilm with a stochastic packing pattern for the first time. Results show that Young＇s modulus of DNA biofilm is on the order of 10 MPa. These findings could provide a simple and effective method to evaluate the mechanical properties of soft biofilm on snbstrate.

PRICING EUROPEAN OPTION IN A DOUBLE EXPONENTIAL JUMP-DIFFUSION MODEL WITH TWO MARKET STRUCTURE RISKS AND ITS COMPARISONS

Using Fourier inversion transform, P.D.E. and Feynman-Kac formula, the closedform solution for price on European call option is given in a double exponential jump-diffusion model with two different market structure risks that there exist CIR stochastic volatility of stock return and Vasicek or CIR stochastic interest rate in the market. In the end, the result of the model in the paper is compared with those in other models, including BS model with numerical experiment. These results show that the double exponential jump-diffusion model with CIR-market structure risks is suitable for modelling the real-market changes and very useful.

A universal elliptical disc(UED)model to represent natural rock fractures

Since natural fractures are often non-equidimensional,the circular disc model still has great limitations.By contrast,the elliptical disc model is more applicable to representing natural fractures,especially for slender ones.This paper developed a universal elliptical disc(UED)model by incorporating the center point,size,and azimuth of fractures as variables.Specifically,with respect to the azimuth of elliptical fractures in three-dimensional(3D)space,we proposed a paradigm to construct its probability density function(PDF)by coupling the orientation and rotation angle of long axis based on three coordinate transformations.To illustrate the construction process of the PDF of the fracture azimuth,we took the orientation following the Fisher distribution and the rotation angle following Von Mises distribution as an example.A rock slope is used to show the use of the developed UED model,and the 3D DFNs for the slope rock mass are generated by Monte Carlo simulation.In addition,the DFNs for the rock mass are also generated based on the existing circular disc model and non-universal elliptical disc model.The comparison results from the three models clearly illustrate the superiority of the UED model over the existing circular and non-universal elliptical disc models.

General expression of double ellipsoidal heat source model and its error analysis

In order to analyze the maximum power density error with different heat flux distribution parameter values for double ellipsoidal heat source model, a general expression of double ellipsoidal heat source model was derived .front Goldak double ellipsoidal heat source model, and the error of maximum power density was analyzed under this foundation. The calculation error of thermal cycling parameters caused by the maximum power density error was compared quantitatively by numerical simulation. The results show that for guarantee the accuracy of welding numerical simulation, it is better to introduce an error correction coefficient into the Goldak double ellipsoidal heat source model expression. And, heat flux distribution parameter should get higher value for the higher power density welding methods.

基于Elliptical Copula函数的相关性模型研究

针对沪深股指构建了两种基于Elliptical Copula函数的相关性模型,并利用参数估计的结果计算其相关性指标.结果表明,Elliptical Copula函数在金融相关性分析中比传统方法合理有效,其中学生氏t-copula函数在服从厚尾分布的相关性模型中比高斯Copula更具实际意义.

Evidence of potential change in nonsequential double ionization

Recently,the quantitative rescattering model(QRS)for nonsequential double ionization(NSDI)is modified by taking into account the potential change(PC)due to the presence of electric field at the time of recollision.Using the improved QRS model,we simulate the longitudinal momentum distributions of doubly charged ions He2+by projecting the correlated two-electron momentum distributions for NSDI of He onto the main diagonal.The obtained results are compared directly with the experimental data at different intensities.It is found that when the PC is considered,the width of momentum distributions reduces and the agreement between theory and experiment is improved.

基于t⁃SNE降维方法的滚动轴承剩余寿命预测

由于实际工况下的轴承退化数据有限,无法获得足够的退化数据来训练神经网络,在深度学习网络中很难得到好的预测结果,所以提出一种新的结合机器学习和统计数据驱动的方法。首先对原始振动信号做特征提取,通过集合经验模态分解奇异值分解(Ensemble Empirical Mode Decompositiont Singular Value Decomposition,EEMD+SVD)得到数十维特征,加上剩余寿命预测常用的诸如峭度、均值等有效特征,利用决策树筛选出15维特征;将所筛选特征进行双指数拟合并通过t分布随机近邻嵌入(t⁃distributed Stochastic Neighbor Embedding,t⁃SNE)将退化信号降维成线性趋势。线性退化趋势在预测上相比于指数趋势有更好的泛化性,同时预测准确度相比于指数模型支持向量回归(Support Vector Regression,SVR)和深度信念网络(Deep Belief Network,DBN)都有较高的提升。

风电机组双高斯分布致动盘模型研究

准确高效的风电机组尾流模拟对风电场开发设计和优化运行至关重要,CFD方法与简化风轮的致动盘模型相结合是目前工程中常用的尾流数值模拟方法。针对传统的非均匀分布致动盘模型在近尾流区模拟精度不足的问题,提出双高斯分布致动盘模型。该模型考虑了叶片受力特性和尾流分布特征,使体积力在致动盘面上沿径向呈双高斯曲线分布。以风洞实验和风电场实测数据为例进行流场数值模拟。结果表明:双高斯分布致动盘模型适用于推力系数较高的大型风电机组,整体尾流速度模拟精度较高,可准确模拟出尾流半径沿流向的变化,在近尾流区显著改善了传统非均匀致动盘模型低估速度损失的问题。

桥式起重机分布式质量吊重系统双摆滑模控制

随着吊装作业的多元化发展,起重机吊装对象也从传统的质点式吊重向分布式质量吊重方向发展。针对桥式起重机在吊装分布式质量吊重时吊重的大摆角抑制和小车定位控制问题,提出了两种基于滑模控制理论的、用于吊重消摆和小车快速定位的方法。首先,综合考虑了桥式起重机吊装对象的结构特征、小车电机的驱动特性、摩擦阻力以及环境中的随机扰动对吊装作业的影响,建立了桥式起重机分布式质量吊重系统的非线性双摆动力学模型;然后,设计了桥式起重机分布式质量吊重系统的非线性双摆动力学普通滑模控制器(OSMC)和分层滑模控制器(HSMC),采用Lyapunov函数和Barbalat引理证明了闭环系统的稳定性;最后,利用数值仿真研究了OSMC和HSMC在分布式质量吊重减摆控制方面的性能差异。仿真及研究结果表明:与OSMC相比,采用HSMC不仅可以在12 s内实现小车精确定位目的,而且可以实现对分布式质量吊重在5°~9°摆动范围下的快速抑制目的,完成了对系统状态变量的有效控制;同时,对比结果表明HSMC对起重机系统内部和外部扰动变化有很强的鲁棒性和抗干扰性。

Structural jump-diffusion model for pricing collateralized debt obligations tranches

This paper considers the pricing problem of collateralized debt obligations tranches under a structural jump-diffusion model, where the asset value of each reference entity is generated by a geometric Brownian motion and jump with an asymmetric double exponential distribution. Conditioned on the common factor of individual entity, this paper gets the conditional distribution, and further obtains the loss distribution of the whole reference portfolio. Based on the semi-analytic approach, the fair spreads of collateralized debt obligations tranches, i.e., the prices of collateralized debt obligations tranches, are derived.

同塔双回输电线路相参数新测量计算方法

输电线路相参数是线路过电压计算的基本参数,获取同塔双回交流线路的相参数对于指导工程运行是必要的。为准确获得同塔双回交流输电线路的相参数,建立微分形式的输电线路方程,对微分方程用拉普拉斯变换与反变换进行推导,获得输电线路相参数与各相导线首、末端电压和电流关系的测量用数学模型。在不同方式下,多次同步测量各相导线首、末端电压和电流,将所测数据代入模型求解参数。经仿真验证,对100~500km的线路最大偏差为1.47%,可适用于任意长度同塔双回线路,是一种新的相参数测量获取方法,满足电力系统过电压计算对参数准确性的需要。

双连拱隧道施工中衬砌开裂与力学行为研究进展

双连拱隧道因其较高的空间利用率而在工程中被广泛应用,然而在后行洞施工过程中先行洞衬砌常发生开裂。为研究此过程中衬砌的开裂及力学行为,该文提出了将分布式光纤监测、反演分析方法及可反映混凝土开裂行为的有限元模拟相结合的研究方法,在广泛调研国内外文献的基础上,梳理总结了该课题组研究相关成果,包括:依托于实际工程,实现了分布式光纤监测在连拱隧道施工中的应用;提出了精度更高的衬砌结构力学行为反演分析方法;验证了利用总应变旋转裂缝本构模型反映复杂受力及约束下的钢筋混凝土构件力学性能和开裂模式的可行性。该文的研究方法与结论可为有关工程实践提供参考。

Extended Jacobian Elliptic Function Expansion Method and Its Applications in Biology

In this work, an extended Jacobian elliptic function expansion method is proposed for constructing the exact solutions of nonlinear evolution equations. The validity and reliability of the method are tested by its applications to Dynamical system in a new Double-Chain Model of DNA and a diffusive predator-prey system which play an important role in biology.

反旋双色椭圆偏振激光脉冲驱动的氩原子非次序双电离对椭偏率的依赖

利用三维经典系综模型系统地研究了反向旋转双色椭偏场中Ar原子非次序双电离对椭偏率的依赖。数值结果显示双电离发生的概率随800 nm激光场椭偏率增大而增大,随1600 nm激光场椭偏率增大而减小。这是因为当固定1600 nm激光场椭偏率时,电子的返回概率和碰撞能量随800 nm激光场椭偏率增大而增大。而当固定800 nm激光场椭偏率时,电子的返回概率和碰撞能量随1600 nm激光场椭偏率增大而减小。在两椭圆激光场的长轴沿x方向条件下,当1600 nm激光场椭偏率为0.3时,离子动量分布由x负半轴向x正半轴移动。随着1600 nm激光场和800 nm激光场椭偏率的增大,离子动量分布逐渐在y方向扩展最终形成一个分布于x轴两侧的两层结构。

椭偏激光场中原子次序双电离的离子动量分布

利用海森伯势经典系综模型,研究了椭偏激光场中氩原子的次序双电离.结果发现,激光相位随机时,随着激光波长的增加,离子动量分布从800 nm时的六带结构逐渐转变成1600 nm时的八带结构.激光相位固定时,1600 nm激光场产生的离子动量分布呈现出十带结构.这些多带结构直接反映了椭偏场中电子的亚光周期电离动力学.随着激光相位的变化,离子动量谱的外部三带出现显著的移动.正是由于外部三带位置的相位依赖导致相位随机时离子动量谱的外部区域只能观测到一条带状分布.两电子电离时序分析发现,相位随机时,离子动量谱中的内带源于时间差为0.5个光周期的电离脉冲组合,而外带来源于时间差为1,2和3个光周期的电离脉冲的组合.对于800 nm中间的一个带,源于时间差为1.5和2.5个光周期的电离脉冲组合;对于1600 nm中间的两个带,一个源于时间差为1.5个光周期的电离脉冲组合,另一个源于时间差为2.5和3.5个光周期的电离脉冲组合.这些结果表明长波长和相位稳定的激光更容易观测到原子次序双电离的亚光周期动力学.

基于自适应步长双闭环模型预测控制的主动配电网优化调度

为应对不确定性分布式可再生能源大量接入对主动配电网优化调度带来的挑战,提出一种基于自适应步长双闭环模型预测控制的主动配电网优化调度策略。首先,在常规模型预测控制的基础上建立双闭环反馈机制,通过充分利用主动配电网中各可控资源实时反馈信息,提升系统优化调度的可靠性;其次,在优化调度中动态调整模型预测控制的域参数,设计变步长决策指标以自适应改变时间步长,从而协调优化精度与计算时间的矛盾;然后,基于上述理论建立调度模型,并采用复合微分进化算法进行求解,使系统的运行效益达到最佳。最后通过算例分析,证明了所提策略的可行性和优越性。