BACKGROUND Drug-eluting stents(DES)are used to treat lower extremity arterial disease.During DES treatment,aneurysmal degeneration occasionally occurs,especially with fluoropolymer-based DES.However,the incidence of p...BACKGROUND Drug-eluting stents(DES)are used to treat lower extremity arterial disease.During DES treatment,aneurysmal degeneration occasionally occurs,especially with fluoropolymer-based DES.However,the incidence of pseudoaneurysms after DES placement is rarely reported in the lower extremity region,although there have been several reports on pseudoaneurysm formation after DES placement in the coronary artery region.CASE SUMMARY We report the case of a 64-year-old man who presented with fever and pain in his left hand after dialysis.Bacteremia was diagnosed by blood culture,and after admission,he developed pain on the medial side of the right thigh.A pseudoaneurysm was observed in the right superficial femoral artery(SFA)at the proximal end of a previously placed DES.The bacteremia was thought to have been caused by a pseudoaneurysm of the left superficial brachial artery,and the pseudoaneurysm of the left superficial brachial artery was removed after antibiotic treatment.The pseudoaneurysm of the right SFA rapidly expanded after admission,but the expansion rate was reduced after infection control.Seven months after the first admission,the pseudoaneurysm of the left SFA was re-moved and in situ revascularization performed using a rifampicin-soaked Dacron graft.CONCLUSION Although pseudoaneurysm after DES placement in the lower extremity region is rare,it must be considered in patients with bacteremia.展开更多
A new method of 2-amino-4-nitrophenol and 2-amino-5-nitrophenol in hair dye determined by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry.Chromatographic separation was carried out on a Atlantis C18 (2.1 mm i.d.×150 mm,5...A new method of 2-amino-4-nitrophenol and 2-amino-5-nitrophenol in hair dye determined by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry.Chromatographic separation was carried out on a Atlantis C18 (2.1 mm i.d.×150 mm,5 μm)column with gradient elution with methanol-acetonitrile at a flow rate 0.2 mL/min.The mass spectrometry was operated in the positive electrospray ionization mode.Quantity was performed using multiple reaction monitoring of the product ion transitions m/z153.0>m/z106(17eV) for 2-amino-4-nitrophenol and m/z153.0>m/z122(15eV) for 2-amino-5-nitrophenol.Linearity of peak was obtained over a range of concentration is from 0.2 to 100 mg/L.The limit is 0.2 mg/L of the method.The proposed method was accurate and rapid with wide linear range.The repeatability and the reproducibility of the method were excellent.It has been applied to detect the real with satisfactory results.展开更多
The conventional protein chromatography technique was adopted to purify the antifreeze proteins (AFPs) from the leaves of Ammopiptanthus mongolicus (Maxim.) Cheng f. Two bands on native PAGE gel showed thermal hys...The conventional protein chromatography technique was adopted to purify the antifreeze proteins (AFPs) from the leaves of Ammopiptanthus mongolicus (Maxim.) Cheng f. Two bands on native PAGE gel showed thermal hysteresis activity, one was band B1, whose thermal hysteresis was 0.46 ℃ at 8 g/L, which showed two bands (67 kD, 21 kD) on SDS_PAGE gel; the other was B3, whose thermal hysteresis was 0.45 ℃ at 10 g/L, and it contained only a single protein (39.8 kD). Both B1 and B3 are not glycoproteins, because neither do they interact with Shiff_reagent, nor show ultraviolet characteristics of a typical glycoprotein.展开更多
Objective:To evaluate the effect of diabetes on outcome of sirolimus-eluting stent.Methods:From December 2002 to May 2005,262 diabetes and 262 non-diabetics treated with sirolimus-eluting stents were studied.The follo...Objective:To evaluate the effect of diabetes on outcome of sirolimus-eluting stent.Methods:From December 2002 to May 2005,262 diabetes and 262 non-diabetics treated with sirolimus-eluting stents were studied.The follow-up angiography was performed in 8-month.Major adverse cardiac events(MACE)defined as death,myocardial infarction,or target lesion revascularization and follow-up angiography were analyzed.Results:Successful rate of stent implantation was 100%.There was no death during the procedure,hospitalization,and follow-up period.Acute myocardial infarction occurred in 1 diabetic at 2 days after PCI,and in 2 non-diabetics at follow-up period.Angiographic follow up at 8 months showed that absolute late lumen loss was 0.06 vs 0.04mm(P>0.05),relative late lumen loss was 2.32% vs 1.63%,and TLR rate was 12.60% vs 9.92% in diabetic group and non-diabetic group respectively.Logistic regression analysis showed that reference vessel lumen and relative late lumen loss were significantly associated with restenosis.Conclusion:Cypher stent implantation in diabetes is safe and effective,while relative late lumen loss may be related to restenosis.In a word,diabetes with small vessel may be considered to be risk factor for restenosis after Cypher stents implantation.展开更多
An effective cation-exchange chromatographic method for lysozyme isolation from chicken egg white is presented, using supermacroporous cryogel grafted with sulfo functional groups. The chromatographic processes were c...An effective cation-exchange chromatographic method for lysozyme isolation from chicken egg white is presented, using supermacroporous cryogel grafted with sulfo functional groups. The chromatographic processes were carried out by one-step and sequential elution, respectively. Sodium phosphate buffer （pH 7.8） containing different concentrations of NaC1 is used as elution agent. The corresponding breakthrough characteristics and elution behaviors in the cryogel bed were investigated and analyzed. Purity of lysozyme in the elution effluent was assayed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis （SDS-PAGE）. The maximum purity of the obtained lysozyme was about 96%, and the cryogel is demonstrated as a potential separation medium for purification of high-purit lysozyme from chicken egg white.展开更多
Coronary angioplasty with drug-eluting stent(DES)implantation is currently the most common stent procedure worldwide.Since the introduction of DES,coronary restenosis as well as the incidence of target vessel and targ...Coronary angioplasty with drug-eluting stent(DES)implantation is currently the most common stent procedure worldwide.Since the introduction of DES,coronary restenosis as well as the incidence of target vessel and target lesion revascularization have been significantly reduced.However,the incidence of very late stent thrombosis beyond the first year after stent deployment has more commonly been linked to DES than to baremetal stent(BMS)implantation.Several factors have been associated with very late stent thrombosis after DES implantation,such as delayed healing,inflammation,stent mal-apposition and endothelial dysfunction. Some of these adverse events were associated with the presence of durable polymers,which were essential to allow the elution of the immunosuppressive drug in the first DES designs.The introduction of erodable polymers in DES technology has provided the potential to complete the degradation of the polymer simultaneously or immediately after the release of the immunosuppressive drug,after which a BMS remains in place.Several DES designs with biodegradable(BIO)polymers have been introduced in preclinical and clinical studies, including randomized trials.In this review,we analyze the clinical results from 6 observational and randomized studies with BIO polymers and discuss advantages and disadvantages of this new technology.展开更多
A new nanometer material, nanometer AlO（OH） loaded on the fiberglass with activated carbon fibers felt（ACF） as the carrier, was prepared by hydrolytic reaction for the removal of Cd（II） from aqueous solution usi...A new nanometer material, nanometer AlO（OH） loaded on the fiberglass with activated carbon fibers felt（ACF） as the carrier, was prepared by hydrolytic reaction for the removal of Cd（II） from aqueous solution using column adsorption experiment. As was confirmed by XRD determination, the hydrolysis production loaded on fiberglass was similar to the orthorhombic phase AlO（OH）. SEM images showed that AlO（OH） particles were in the form of small aggregated clusters. The Thomas model was applied for estimating the kinetic parameters and the saturated adsorption ability of Cd（II） adsorption on the new adsorbent. The results showed that the maximum adsorption capacity of Cd（II） was 128.50 mg·g^-1 and 117.86 mg·g^-1 for the adsorbent mass of 0.3289 g and the adsorbent mass of 0.2867 g, respectively. The elution experiment result indicated that the adsorbed Cd ions was easily desorbed from the material with 0.1 mol·L^-1 HCl solution. Adsorption-desorption cycles showed the feasibility of repealed uses of the composited material. The adsorption capacities were influenced by pH and the initial Cd（II） concentration. The amount adsorbed was greatest at pH 6.5 and the initial Cd（II） concentration of 0.07 mg·L^-1, respectively. Nanometer AlO（OH） played a major role in the adsorption process, whereas the fiberglass and ACF were assistants in the process of removing Cd（II）. In addition, the adsorption capacities for Cd（II） were obviously reduced from 128.50 mg·L^-1 to 64.28 mg·L^-1 when Pb ions were present because Pb ions took up more adsorption sites.展开更多
A new approach was proposed for grouping separation of 14 lanthanide rare-earth ions from their coexisting mixed aqueous solutions, by performing liquid-column elution using the aqueous solution containing 14 lanthani...A new approach was proposed for grouping separation of 14 lanthanide rare-earth ions from their coexisting mixed aqueous solutions, by performing liquid-column elution using the aqueous solution containing 14 lanthanide rare-earth ions as the stationary phase and the dispersed organic oil droplets containing P507 extractant as the mobile phase. It was revealed that 14 lanthanide rare-earth ions could be separated into four groups, according to the lanthanide tetrad effect, respectively eluting out from the liquid column at different time in a certain order. Various effects including the saponification degree of P507, the concentration of P507 in organic phase, the length and inner diameter of the extraction column on the performance of grouping separation of rare-earth ions were discussed. The changes of the mass transfer coefficients were also investigated. The separation efficiency of the four groups of rareearth elements(REEs) was evaluated based on the elution resolution, Rs, of the elution peaks of La(Ⅲ),Gd(Ⅲ), Ho(Ⅲ) and Lu(Ⅲ), the four representative elements respectively from each of the four groups of REEs. Experimental results demonstrated that the separation of REEs by liquid-column elution mainly depended on the competitive adsorption of different rare-earth groups onto the surface of ascending P507 oil droplets. The affinity of different rare-earth groups with P507 extractant and a limited adsorption capacity of P507 molecules at the surface of the oil droplets ascending in liquid column play the important role. The present work highlights a promising technique for grouping separation of multiple lanthanide elements co-existing complex systems.展开更多
A stability-indicating RP-HPLC method was developed and validated lbr the determination of Rufinamide in tablet dosage forms using C 18 column （250 mm x 4.6 mm, 5 μm） wilh mobile phase consisting of water acetonitr...A stability-indicating RP-HPLC method was developed and validated lbr the determination of Rufinamide in tablet dosage forms using C 18 column （250 mm x 4.6 mm, 5 μm） wilh mobile phase consisting of water acetonitrile （40：60, v/v） with a [low rate of 0.8 mL/min （UV detection 215 nm）. Linearity was observed over the concentration range 1.0 200 μg/mL （R2=0.9997） with regression equation y-113190 x＋63053. Rufinamide was subjected to stress conditions including acidic, alkaline, oxidation, photolysis and thermal degradation. Rufinaraide is more sensitive towards acidic degradation. The method was validated as per ICH guidelines.展开更多
bjective Small coronary vessel disease （disease affecting coronary vessels with main branch diameters of 〈 2.75 mm） is a common and intractable problem in percutaneous coronary intervention （PCI）. This study was ...bjective Small coronary vessel disease （disease affecting coronary vessels with main branch diameters of 〈 2.75 mm） is a common and intractable problem in percutaneous coronary intervention （PCI）. This study was designed to test the theory that the effectiveness and safety of drug-eluting balloons for the treatment of de novo lesions in small coronary vessels are non-inferior to those of drug-eluting stents. Methods We designed a prospective, multicenter, randomized, controlled clinical trial aiming to assess the effectiveness and safety of the RESTORE R （Cardionovum, Bonn, Germany） drug-eluting balloon （DEB） versus the RESOLUTE R （Medtronic, USA） drug-eluting stent （DES） in the treatment of small coronary vessel disease. This trial started in August 2016. A total of 230 patients with a reference vessel diameter （RVD） 〉 2.25 mm and 〈 2.75 mm were randomly assigned to treatment with a DEB or a DES at a 1：1 ratio. The study was also designed to enroll 30 patients with an RVD 〉 2.00 mm and 〈 2.25 mm in the tiny vessel cohort. Results The key baseline data include demographic characteristics, relative medical history, baseline angiographic values and baseline procedural characteristics. The primary endpoint is in-segment diameter stenosis at nine months after the index procedure. Secondary endpoints include acute success, all-cause death, myocardial infarction, target vessel revascularization, target lesion revascularization and stent thrombosis. Conclusions The study will evaluate the clinical efficacy, angiographic outcomes, and safety of DEBs compared to DESs in the treatment of de novo coronary artery lesions in small vessels.展开更多
Polymer-grafted ion exchange adsorbents were of great interest for the development of high-performance protein chromatography in biopharmaceutical and related fields.In this work,protein retention was systematically i...Polymer-grafted ion exchange adsorbents were of great interest for the development of high-performance protein chromatography in biopharmaceutical and related fields.In this work,protein retention was systematically investigated in ion exchange chromatography packed respectively with dextran-grafted cation exchange adsorbents containing sulphopropyl(SP)ligand,SP Sepharose XL and Capto S,and non-grafted cation exchange adsorbent,SP Sepharose FF,using five proteins.With an increase of buffer p Hs,retention factors of proteins decreased among all the adsorbents,demonstrating the dominant role of electrostatic interaction for protein binding on cation exchange adsorbents.The evidences further revealed that the scattered positive charges on the surface of protein molecules,rather than net charge of protein molecule,determined protein retention on cation exchange adsorbent.Likely,counterions including NH4^+,K^+,Na^+and Mg^2+exhibited distinct influence on protein retention.It was well ascribed to solvent-mediated indirect ion-macromolecule interactions and direct ion-macromolecule interactions.Compared with SP Sepharose FF,polymer structure in dextran-grafted cation exchange adsorbents ultimately brought about different ligand distributions and smaller pore sizes,thereby regulating protein retention in cation exchange chromatography.By comparing the retention of myoglobin andβ-lactoglobulin B in SP Sepharose XL and Capto S,we reasonably speculated that the enhancement of nonelectrostatic interaction caused by reducing the space arm length was a major reason for an increasing retention factor of myoglobin in Capto S.The results in this research help us understand adsorption mechanism of protein in polymer-grafted adsorbents and give scientific guidance for the development of chromatographic materials.展开更多
文摘BACKGROUND Drug-eluting stents(DES)are used to treat lower extremity arterial disease.During DES treatment,aneurysmal degeneration occasionally occurs,especially with fluoropolymer-based DES.However,the incidence of pseudoaneurysms after DES placement is rarely reported in the lower extremity region,although there have been several reports on pseudoaneurysm formation after DES placement in the coronary artery region.CASE SUMMARY We report the case of a 64-year-old man who presented with fever and pain in his left hand after dialysis.Bacteremia was diagnosed by blood culture,and after admission,he developed pain on the medial side of the right thigh.A pseudoaneurysm was observed in the right superficial femoral artery(SFA)at the proximal end of a previously placed DES.The bacteremia was thought to have been caused by a pseudoaneurysm of the left superficial brachial artery,and the pseudoaneurysm of the left superficial brachial artery was removed after antibiotic treatment.The pseudoaneurysm of the right SFA rapidly expanded after admission,but the expansion rate was reduced after infection control.Seven months after the first admission,the pseudoaneurysm of the left SFA was re-moved and in situ revascularization performed using a rifampicin-soaked Dacron graft.CONCLUSION Although pseudoaneurysm after DES placement in the lower extremity region is rare,it must be considered in patients with bacteremia.
文摘A new method of 2-amino-4-nitrophenol and 2-amino-5-nitrophenol in hair dye determined by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry.Chromatographic separation was carried out on a Atlantis C18 (2.1 mm i.d.×150 mm,5 μm)column with gradient elution with methanol-acetonitrile at a flow rate 0.2 mL/min.The mass spectrometry was operated in the positive electrospray ionization mode.Quantity was performed using multiple reaction monitoring of the product ion transitions m/z153.0>m/z106(17eV) for 2-amino-4-nitrophenol and m/z153.0>m/z122(15eV) for 2-amino-5-nitrophenol.Linearity of peak was obtained over a range of concentration is from 0.2 to 100 mg/L.The limit is 0.2 mg/L of the method.The proposed method was accurate and rapid with wide linear range.The repeatability and the reproducibility of the method were excellent.It has been applied to detect the real with satisfactory results.
文摘The conventional protein chromatography technique was adopted to purify the antifreeze proteins (AFPs) from the leaves of Ammopiptanthus mongolicus (Maxim.) Cheng f. Two bands on native PAGE gel showed thermal hysteresis activity, one was band B1, whose thermal hysteresis was 0.46 ℃ at 8 g/L, which showed two bands (67 kD, 21 kD) on SDS_PAGE gel; the other was B3, whose thermal hysteresis was 0.45 ℃ at 10 g/L, and it contained only a single protein (39.8 kD). Both B1 and B3 are not glycoproteins, because neither do they interact with Shiff_reagent, nor show ultraviolet characteristics of a typical glycoprotein.
文摘Objective:To evaluate the effect of diabetes on outcome of sirolimus-eluting stent.Methods:From December 2002 to May 2005,262 diabetes and 262 non-diabetics treated with sirolimus-eluting stents were studied.The follow-up angiography was performed in 8-month.Major adverse cardiac events(MACE)defined as death,myocardial infarction,or target lesion revascularization and follow-up angiography were analyzed.Results:Successful rate of stent implantation was 100%.There was no death during the procedure,hospitalization,and follow-up period.Acute myocardial infarction occurred in 1 diabetic at 2 days after PCI,and in 2 non-diabetics at follow-up period.Angiographic follow up at 8 months showed that absolute late lumen loss was 0.06 vs 0.04mm(P>0.05),relative late lumen loss was 2.32% vs 1.63%,and TLR rate was 12.60% vs 9.92% in diabetic group and non-diabetic group respectively.Logistic regression analysis showed that reference vessel lumen and relative late lumen loss were significantly associated with restenosis.Conclusion:Cypher stent implantation in diabetes is safe and effective,while relative late lumen loss may be related to restenosis.In a word,diabetes with small vessel may be considered to be risk factor for restenosis after Cypher stents implantation.
基金Supported by the National lqatural Science Foundation of China （21036005, 20876145）, the Science and Technology Cooperation Project between China-Europe Country＇s Governments from the Ministry of Science and Technology of China （1017） and the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Provincial （Y4080326）.
文摘An effective cation-exchange chromatographic method for lysozyme isolation from chicken egg white is presented, using supermacroporous cryogel grafted with sulfo functional groups. The chromatographic processes were carried out by one-step and sequential elution, respectively. Sodium phosphate buffer （pH 7.8） containing different concentrations of NaC1 is used as elution agent. The corresponding breakthrough characteristics and elution behaviors in the cryogel bed were investigated and analyzed. Purity of lysozyme in the elution effluent was assayed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis （SDS-PAGE）. The maximum purity of the obtained lysozyme was about 96%, and the cryogel is demonstrated as a potential separation medium for purification of high-purit lysozyme from chicken egg white.
文摘Coronary angioplasty with drug-eluting stent(DES)implantation is currently the most common stent procedure worldwide.Since the introduction of DES,coronary restenosis as well as the incidence of target vessel and target lesion revascularization have been significantly reduced.However,the incidence of very late stent thrombosis beyond the first year after stent deployment has more commonly been linked to DES than to baremetal stent(BMS)implantation.Several factors have been associated with very late stent thrombosis after DES implantation,such as delayed healing,inflammation,stent mal-apposition and endothelial dysfunction. Some of these adverse events were associated with the presence of durable polymers,which were essential to allow the elution of the immunosuppressive drug in the first DES designs.The introduction of erodable polymers in DES technology has provided the potential to complete the degradation of the polymer simultaneously or immediately after the release of the immunosuppressive drug,after which a BMS remains in place.Several DES designs with biodegradable(BIO)polymers have been introduced in preclinical and clinical studies, including randomized trials.In this review,we analyze the clinical results from 6 observational and randomized studies with BIO polymers and discuss advantages and disadvantages of this new technology.
文摘A new nanometer material, nanometer AlO（OH） loaded on the fiberglass with activated carbon fibers felt（ACF） as the carrier, was prepared by hydrolytic reaction for the removal of Cd（II） from aqueous solution using column adsorption experiment. As was confirmed by XRD determination, the hydrolysis production loaded on fiberglass was similar to the orthorhombic phase AlO（OH）. SEM images showed that AlO（OH） particles were in the form of small aggregated clusters. The Thomas model was applied for estimating the kinetic parameters and the saturated adsorption ability of Cd（II） adsorption on the new adsorbent. The results showed that the maximum adsorption capacity of Cd（II） was 128.50 mg·g^-1 and 117.86 mg·g^-1 for the adsorbent mass of 0.3289 g and the adsorbent mass of 0.2867 g, respectively. The elution experiment result indicated that the adsorbed Cd ions was easily desorbed from the material with 0.1 mol·L^-1 HCl solution. Adsorption-desorption cycles showed the feasibility of repealed uses of the composited material. The adsorption capacities were influenced by pH and the initial Cd（II） concentration. The amount adsorbed was greatest at pH 6.5 and the initial Cd（II） concentration of 0.07 mg·L^-1, respectively. Nanometer AlO（OH） played a major role in the adsorption process, whereas the fiberglass and ACF were assistants in the process of removing Cd（II）. In addition, the adsorption capacities for Cd（II） were obviously reduced from 128.50 mg·L^-1 to 64.28 mg·L^-1 when Pb ions were present because Pb ions took up more adsorption sites.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51574213,51074150)the Key Project of Chinese National Programs for Fundamental Research and Development(2012CBA01203)
文摘A new approach was proposed for grouping separation of 14 lanthanide rare-earth ions from their coexisting mixed aqueous solutions, by performing liquid-column elution using the aqueous solution containing 14 lanthanide rare-earth ions as the stationary phase and the dispersed organic oil droplets containing P507 extractant as the mobile phase. It was revealed that 14 lanthanide rare-earth ions could be separated into four groups, according to the lanthanide tetrad effect, respectively eluting out from the liquid column at different time in a certain order. Various effects including the saponification degree of P507, the concentration of P507 in organic phase, the length and inner diameter of the extraction column on the performance of grouping separation of rare-earth ions were discussed. The changes of the mass transfer coefficients were also investigated. The separation efficiency of the four groups of rareearth elements(REEs) was evaluated based on the elution resolution, Rs, of the elution peaks of La(Ⅲ),Gd(Ⅲ), Ho(Ⅲ) and Lu(Ⅲ), the four representative elements respectively from each of the four groups of REEs. Experimental results demonstrated that the separation of REEs by liquid-column elution mainly depended on the competitive adsorption of different rare-earth groups onto the surface of ascending P507 oil droplets. The affinity of different rare-earth groups with P507 extractant and a limited adsorption capacity of P507 molecules at the surface of the oil droplets ascending in liquid column play the important role. The present work highlights a promising technique for grouping separation of multiple lanthanide elements co-existing complex systems.
文摘A stability-indicating RP-HPLC method was developed and validated lbr the determination of Rufinamide in tablet dosage forms using C 18 column （250 mm x 4.6 mm, 5 μm） wilh mobile phase consisting of water acetonitrile （40：60, v/v） with a [low rate of 0.8 mL/min （UV detection 215 nm）. Linearity was observed over the concentration range 1.0 200 μg/mL （R2=0.9997） with regression equation y-113190 x＋63053. Rufinamide was subjected to stress conditions including acidic, alkaline, oxidation, photolysis and thermal degradation. Rufinaraide is more sensitive towards acidic degradation. The method was validated as per ICH guidelines.
文摘bjective Small coronary vessel disease （disease affecting coronary vessels with main branch diameters of 〈 2.75 mm） is a common and intractable problem in percutaneous coronary intervention （PCI）. This study was designed to test the theory that the effectiveness and safety of drug-eluting balloons for the treatment of de novo lesions in small coronary vessels are non-inferior to those of drug-eluting stents. Methods We designed a prospective, multicenter, randomized, controlled clinical trial aiming to assess the effectiveness and safety of the RESTORE R （Cardionovum, Bonn, Germany） drug-eluting balloon （DEB） versus the RESOLUTE R （Medtronic, USA） drug-eluting stent （DES） in the treatment of small coronary vessel disease. This trial started in August 2016. A total of 230 patients with a reference vessel diameter （RVD） 〉 2.25 mm and 〈 2.75 mm were randomly assigned to treatment with a DEB or a DES at a 1：1 ratio. The study was also designed to enroll 30 patients with an RVD 〉 2.00 mm and 〈 2.25 mm in the tiny vessel cohort. Results The key baseline data include demographic characteristics, relative medical history, baseline angiographic values and baseline procedural characteristics. The primary endpoint is in-segment diameter stenosis at nine months after the index procedure. Secondary endpoints include acute success, all-cause death, myocardial infarction, target vessel revascularization, target lesion revascularization and stent thrombosis. Conclusions The study will evaluate the clinical efficacy, angiographic outcomes, and safety of DEBs compared to DESs in the treatment of de novo coronary artery lesions in small vessels.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.21476166 and 21878221)the Foundation for Innovative Research Groups of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21621004)。
文摘Polymer-grafted ion exchange adsorbents were of great interest for the development of high-performance protein chromatography in biopharmaceutical and related fields.In this work,protein retention was systematically investigated in ion exchange chromatography packed respectively with dextran-grafted cation exchange adsorbents containing sulphopropyl(SP)ligand,SP Sepharose XL and Capto S,and non-grafted cation exchange adsorbent,SP Sepharose FF,using five proteins.With an increase of buffer p Hs,retention factors of proteins decreased among all the adsorbents,demonstrating the dominant role of electrostatic interaction for protein binding on cation exchange adsorbents.The evidences further revealed that the scattered positive charges on the surface of protein molecules,rather than net charge of protein molecule,determined protein retention on cation exchange adsorbent.Likely,counterions including NH4^+,K^+,Na^+and Mg^2+exhibited distinct influence on protein retention.It was well ascribed to solvent-mediated indirect ion-macromolecule interactions and direct ion-macromolecule interactions.Compared with SP Sepharose FF,polymer structure in dextran-grafted cation exchange adsorbents ultimately brought about different ligand distributions and smaller pore sizes,thereby regulating protein retention in cation exchange chromatography.By comparing the retention of myoglobin andβ-lactoglobulin B in SP Sepharose XL and Capto S,we reasonably speculated that the enhancement of nonelectrostatic interaction caused by reducing the space arm length was a major reason for an increasing retention factor of myoglobin in Capto S.The results in this research help us understand adsorption mechanism of protein in polymer-grafted adsorbents and give scientific guidance for the development of chromatographic materials.
