Women’s empowerment and food consumption:Evidence from female-headed households in Tanzania

Despite the growing recognition of women’s increasing role in the household and corresponding empowerment programs in sub-Saharan Africa,intensive research on the relationship between women’s influence and household food consumption is minimal.Using the most recent(2017-2018)national household survey data from Tanzania,this study examined the influence of women’s empowerment on household food consumption.First,we compared the monthly consumption of eight food categories between female-headed households(FHHs)and male-headed households(MHHs)using both descriptive statistics and the propensity score matching(PSM)method.Furthermore,we adopted the two-stage Linear Expenditure System and Almost Ideal Demand System model(LES-AIDS)to estimate income and price elasticities for the two household types.The results show that FHHs consume bread and cereals,fish,oils and fats,vegetables,and confectionery(sugar,jam,honey,chocolate,etc.)more than MHHs.Moreover,FHHs have a significantly higher income elasticity of demand for all food groups than MHHs.They are also more price elastic than MHHs in meat,fish,oils,fats,sugar,jam,honey,chocolate,etc.

Analysis of the Effect of Family-Centered Empowerment Model(FCEM)Health Education Through WeChat on Medication Compliance and Blood Pressure of Elderly Hypertensive Patients in Rural Areas

Objective: To validate the effectiveness of a Family-Centered Empowerment Model (FCEM) health education through WeChat on medication compliance and blood pressure among elderly hypertensive patients in rural areas. Methods: One hundred and two rural elderly hypertensive patients aged 65-80 years were selected and randomly divided into an experimental and control group of 51 each. The control group implemented conventional health education, and the experimental group implemented FCEM health education through WeChat platform for 4 consecutive weeks. The Therapeutic Adherence Scale for Hypertensive Patients (TASHP) scores and blood pressure measurements were compared between and within the two groups. Results: After the intervention, there were significant differences in medication compliance and blood pressure between the two groups (P < 0.001). In the control group, before and after the intervention, there was a significant difference in medication compliance (P < 0.001), but no significant difference in blood pressure (P > 0.05). In the experimental group, there were significant differences in medication compliance and blood pressure before and after the intervention (P < 0.001). Conclusion: The FCEM health education through an online social platform significantly improved medication compliance and led to effective blood pressure control in rural elderly hypertensive patients. Therefore, as an effective, safe, and economical model, it is also necessary to explore its effectiveness in improving health problems in other chronic diseases and other age groups.

Empowerment in chronic wound care——exploring the scope for patient contribution

Objective:In this study,we investigated the concept of empowerment in chronic wound care and propose to facilitate patient control by making use of degrees of freedom(DOF):that is,shaping of everyday wound care tasks initiated by patients and based on their wishes,mostly in terms of patients executing treatment steps,requesting or directing health care professionals to under take changes,or modifications of internal states.Methods:As a first step,we conducted a systematic literature search,followed by an inductive form of qualitative content analysis,which resulted in the identification of 5 dimensions as main elements of empowerment:education and shared decision making,adherence to self-care behaviors,responsibility and control,general call for empowerment,and DOF.However,the latter are noticeably absent in the literature.To investigate patients'freedom in shaping the wound care process,we conducted a second literature search.Results:A number of possibilities for patients to influence the wound care process could be identified,but experimental or clinical evidence about their effects is missing,their variety is limited,and they are only inadequately described.Conclusions:However,DOF should be an indispensable aspect of genuine empowerment,since they allow patients to occupy the role of the agent in the treatment process and give rise to the subjective experience of feeling empowered.Thus,in the third part,we develop a research proposal on how to investigate and include DOF in the clinical practice of wound care.Finally,limitations about implementations are discussed(e.g.,patients being reluctant to overcome their passive role,resulting in frustration for health care professionals).

Exploration of Curriculum Reform in the Context of Digital Empowerment:Taking the“Class Management”Course in the Primary Education Major of Higher Vocational Normal School as an Example

In the era of digital empowerment,the digital reform of higher vocational courses has become an inevitable trend.To explore professional curriculum reform,this study takes the“Class Management”course in the primary education major of higher vocational teachers as the research object,analyzes the importance of digital empowerment to curriculum reform,and discusses the teaching of the“Class Management”course new model and content reform plan.Digital technology empowering traditional courses is a new trend,which is both an opportunity and a challenge.This study aims to explore the application of digital technology in courses and provide certain guidelines for curriculum reform in the field of education.

Research on Interdisciplinary Project-Based Teaching in Primary Schools Catalyzed by Digital Intelligence Empowerment

With the rapid development of information technology,digital intelligence empowerment has gradually become an important direction of educational innovation.This paper uses the case analysis method to explore in depth how digital intelligence empowerment and project-based teaching can promote the integration of primary school curricula.Taking the teaching of intelligent patrol cars as an example,this paper analyses the positive role of digital intelligence empowerment in improving teaching effectiveness and cultivating students’comprehensive ability.The research results show that digital intelligence empowerment not only enriches teaching resources but also optimizes the teaching process.Combined with project-based teaching methods,it can effectively improve students’interest in learning and performance.This study provides a useful reference and inspiration for the project-based teaching of curriculum integration in primary schools and has certain practical significance and theoretical value for promoting the process of educational informatization.

Empowerment of Precise Ideological and Political Education in Higher Education with Educational Digitalization

The study explores how educational digitalization enables the precise development of ideological and political education in colleges and universities.Digital transformation enables colleges and universities to accurately define educational objectives,content strategies,effect evaluation,and process management,and realize the precision and intelligence of ideological and political education.The application of big data technology enhances the data-oriented thinking of teachers and students,promotes the accurate application of data,and improves the efficiency of ideological and political education.The research also prospected a new vision of the digital construction of ideological and political courses and clarified the theoretical and practical path of the implementation and evaluation mode of ideological and political courses under digital empowerment.Education digitalization enables precise ideological and political education,which is a key way to promote the innovative development of ideological and political education in colleges and universities and will strongly support the improvement of the overall quality of higher education and the training of excellent talents.

The Impact of Nurses Recognition, and Empowerment Related to Nurses Job Satisfaction at KFSH-D

Introduction: Nurses’ job satisfaction is referring to the level to which people feel that they are able to have an influence on their workplace. Nurse leaders should use a variety of empowerment strategies that are important to nurses’ job satisfaction. Meanwhile, meaningful recognition for nurses is considered a powerful tool to enhance nurses’ sense of self-efficacy especially facing an emotional challenge that may affect their wellbeing. Aim: The aim of the studies is to analyze the importance of nurses’ recognition, and empowerment towards nurses’ job satisfaction at KFSH-D. Method: This study takes the form of a quantitative research methodology, and descriptive-analytical technique. A questionnaire used to gather data from registered nurses employed at King Fahad Specialist Hospital-Dammam (KFSH-D) about the structural empowerment and nurses’ recognition program impact on their job satisfaction. Following the collection of data, the descriptive statistic used to describe the personal characteristics of the respondents, while inferential statistics used to determine the statistical relationship existing between independent variable job satisfaction and the structural empowerment and nurses’ recognition program among the registered nurses at KFSH-D as dependent variables. Recommendation: The researcher only focuses on the in-patient units, future studies, are recommended to focus on every dimension and category level of units. Apart from that, when looking into job satisfaction and empowerment, to be more specific, the researcher could investigate another dimension by comparing age, and clinical working experience which may provide a depth of understanding of the contribution perception of structural empowerment. Conclusion: The findings of the studies reveal recognition and empowerment are assets to make nurses stay and increase their level of job satisfaction and task assignments.

ChatGPT Fervor:The Empowerments,and Challenges of EST Translation Teaching with Natural Language Models

The development and widespread adoption of new technologies like ChatGPT have had a profound impact on education.This paper discusses how ChatGPT empowers the teaching and learning of technical English translation and sheds light on the negative effects and the challenges it brings.Furthermore,it presents strategies for technical English translation teaching assisted by ChatGPT.

Education and Ecological Innovation Empowered by Technology:Innovation Practices in Inner Mongolia Universities

This study aims to conduct a thorough analysis of the core elements of educational innovation in Inner Mongolian universities and their mechanisms for enhancing educational quality.By examining technological applications,innovative teaching models,and the educational ecosystem,this paper explores the ways in which technological empowerment enhances students’learning experiences,the impact of innovative teaching models on educational quality,and the practical outcomes of ecological innovation theory in education.Additionally,relevant recommendations are provided for the future development trends of educational innovation in Inner Mongolian universities.

不同尺寸、不同摇椅曲度不锈钢方丝在Empower自锁托槽内摩擦力的实验分析

目的研究不同尺寸、不同摇椅曲度(rocking chair curvature,RCC)不锈钢方丝(stainless steel,SS)在Empower自锁托槽(Empower self-ligating brackets,Empower SLB)内所产生的摩擦力差异。方法选用由标准石膏模型翻制的标准牙牙合模型,并于干燥条件下在其上粘结Empower SLB及颊面管,分别测量按照在电镜下确定弓丝拉拔方向的两种尺寸SS(0.46 mm×0.64 mm、0.48 mm×0.64 mm),4种不同RCC(0°、5°、10°、15°),共8种弓丝-摇椅工况组合在滑动法关闭拔牙间隙时在Empower SLB内产生的摩擦力。结果两种尺寸弓丝分别在尖牙至第二前磨牙区加载0°、5°、10°、15°的RCC,得出以下结果:1所有工况下动摩擦力稍小于最大静摩擦力;2相同RCC下,0.46 mm×0.64 mm SS在自锁托槽内产生的滑动摩擦力小于0.48mm×0.64 mm SS(P<0.05);3相同尺寸弓丝随RCC(0°、5°、10°、15°)增加,滑动摩擦力(0.46 mm×0.64 mm SS:0<0.19 N<0.35 N<0.90 N;0.48 mm×0.64 mm SS:0<0.26 N<0.43 N<1.00 N)逐渐增大(P<0.05)。结论 SS在Empower SLB内的滑动摩擦力稍小于最大静摩擦力,弓丝尺寸越大、摇椅曲曲度越大,SS在自锁托槽内产生的摩擦力也越大。

Empower矫治器在双牙弓前突错畸形矫治中的应用效果

目的观察Empower双核自锁托槽矫治器在错畸形拔牙矫治中的应用效果,并与传统结扎式MBT直丝弓矫治器进行比较。方法双牙弓前突错畸形患者40例,随机分为观察组与对照组各20例。观察组采用Empower双核自锁托槽矫治器矫治,不采用支抗增强措施;对照组用MBT矫治器矫治,采取口外弓支抗增强措施。治疗前后拍摄X线头颅定位侧位片,定点、测量口腔颌面部牙性指标∠UI-SN、∠UI-PP、∠L1-MP、∠U1-L1、UIA-PTV、UIE-PTV、LIE-PTV、LIA-PTV、UM-PTV、LM-PTV,骨性指标∠SNA、∠SNB、∠ANB、∠MP-FH及软组织指标UL-EP、LL-EP、Z角。结果治疗结束后两组患者上下牙列排列整齐,覆覆盖正常,磨牙、尖牙关系中性,后牙尖窝咬关系良好,软组织侧貌改善显著。观察组平均疗程23个月,对照组平均疗程26个月。两组治疗前后骨性指标∠SNA、∠SNB、∠ANB、∠MP-FH差异无统计学意义;牙性指标∠UI-SN、∠UI-PP、∠L1-MP、∠U1-L1、UIA-PTV、UIE-PTV、LIE-PTV、LIA-PTV、UM-PTV、LM-PTV及软组织指标UL-EP、LL-EP、Z角治疗后得到改善,与治疗前相比,P均<0.05。两组治疗后各项指标差异无统计学意义。结论采用Empower双核自锁托槽矫治器对双牙弓前突错畸形进行矫正,可获得较好的支抗控制及前牙转矩控制,上下前牙内收明显,软组织侧貌改善明显。

Empower双核矫治器拔牙矫治的牙齿移动分析

目的:探讨Empower双核矫治器与Damon3-Mx矫治器拔牙矫治过程中牙齿移动的特点。方法:选择40例双牙弓前突患者,平均分为2组(n=20),拔除4个第一前磨牙后,一组采用Empower矫治器,另一组采用Damon3-Mx矫治器,均不采用支抗增强措施,治疗前后拍摄X线头颅定位侧位片,定点、测量19项测量项目,对测量结果进行2组独立样本t检验。结果:2组X线头影测量:牙性指标∠UI-SN、∠UI-PP、∠L1-MP、∠U1-L1、UIE-PTV、LIE-PTV治疗前后组内、2组间及2组变化量间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。UM-PTV、LM-PTV、UIA-PTV、LIA-PTV、UL-EP、LL-EP、Z角治疗前后组内差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),治疗后2组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:应用Empower双核矫治器治疗双牙弓前突的患者,可以得到较好的支抗控制及前牙转矩控制,上下前牙内收明显,软组织侧貌改善明显。

走向重塑权能:empowerment含义的反思性诠释

Empowerment是源于西方社会工作学的概念。基于对追求标的物的不同理解,国内形成了关于empowerment的三种视角,即能力视角、权利视角和权力视角。这三个视角虽然相互分化,但却并不相互断裂,而是在领域、关系和主体等方面具有一定的联结性。从更深一层次看,empowerment中的能力、权利和权力是相互转化的,内含着权能辩证法。从统合角度看,empowerment其实是一个历史性的总体性概念,本质上是在社会转型的情境中,聚焦相对弱势者的发展问题,并通过建立在潜能本体基础之上的能力、权利和权力之间的权能辩证法,推动实现更加均衡、更加公平发展的过程。在此意义上,empowerment可以被理解为重塑权能。

Empower自锁托槽治疗安氏Ⅱ~1拔牙病例的疗效评价

目的:初步评价并比较Empower互动式自锁托槽和传统托槽矫治安氏Ⅱ1拔牙病例的疗效。方法:选择40例安氏II类I分类错畸形患者,随机分为A、B 2组。A组20例,使用Empower自锁托槽矫治技术;B组20例,使用MBT矫治技术。2组均减数4颗第一前磨牙,未使用任何增强支抗装置,分别记录其矫治时间,有效复诊次数及椅旁操作时间,并在治疗前(T0)和治疗后(T1)拍摄X线头颅侧位定位片进行测量分析。采用SPSS 13.0软件包对测量数据进行t检验。结果:A组治疗时间和有效复诊次数均多于B组,但2组间差异无显著性。A组比B组椅旁操作时间平均减少151.15s。矫治后,2组均发生明显变化,表现为上、下前牙内收,凸面型改善。U1-SN角、U1-NA角、L1-MP角,L1-NB角、UI-PTV、LI-PTV、UL-EP距、LL-EP距减小,治疗前、后变化均有显著差异(P<0.05),但组间变化均无显著性(P>0.05)。UM-PTV组间差异有显著性(P<0.05)。结论:对于安氏Ⅱ类Ⅰ分类拔牙病例,Empower自锁托槽与传统托槽相比,可节省椅旁操作时间,有效控制前牙转矩和后牙支抗,但不能缩短矫治疗程及减少有效复诊次数。

Increase in the functional capacity and quality of life among stroke patients by family caregiver empowerment program based on adaptation model

Purpose:The family caregiver's role is an important influence factor of patient's adaptation behaviour and quality of life after stroke.The purpose of this research was to identify the effect of caregiver empowerment program based on the adaptation model(CEP-BAM)on functional capacity and quality of life of patients after stroke.Methods:This research was a quasi-experimental research with a pre-and post-test control group design.The total participants who completed the research were 80 patients and their families,40 participants in the intervention group and 40 participants in the control group.We conducted home visits to perform the intervention.The measurement of functional capacity and quality of life performed four times(pre-test and three times post-test).Data analysis was performed using the repeated measurement ANOVA or general linear model repeated measure(GLM-RM).Results:This research proves a significant difference in functional capacity and quality of life between the two groups and between pre-test and sixth months after intervention(P<0.05).The quality of life of the intervention group in the sixth month after intervention was better than that of the control group(33.40±3.65 vs 30.60±2.78)with a significant difference(P<0.05).Conclusion:It is concluded that CEP-BAM effectively increased patients'functional capacity and quality of life after a stroke in the sixth month after intervention.

Diabetes empowerment scores among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients and its correlated factors: A cross-sectional study in a primary care setting in Malaysia

BACKGROUND There are limited studies on diabetes empowerment among type 2 diabetes patients,particularly in the primary care setting.AIM To assess the diabetes empowerment scores and its correlated factors among type 2 diabetes patients in a primary care clinic in Malaysia.METHODS This is a cross sectional study involving 322 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus(DM)followed up in a primary care clinic.Systematic sampling method was used for patient recruitment.The Diabetes Empowerment Scale(DES)questionnaire was used to measure patient empowerment.It consists of three domains:(1)Managing the psychosocial aspect of diabetes(9 items);(2)Assessing dissatisfaction and readiness to change(9 items);and(3)Setting and achieving diabetes goal(10 items).A score was considered high if it ranged from 100 to 140.Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 25 and multiple linear regressions was used to identify the predictors of total diabetes empowerment scores.RESULTS The median age of the study population was 55 years old.56%were male and the mean duration of diabetes was 4 years.The total median score of the DES was 110[interquartile range(IQR)=10].The median scores of the three subscales were 40 with(IQR=4)for"Managing the psychosocial aspect of diabetes";36 with(IQR=3)for"Assessing dissatisfaction and readiness to change";and 34 with(IQR=5)for"Setting and achieving diabetes goal".According to multiple linear regressions,factors that had significant correlation with higher empowerment scores among type 2 diabetes patients included an above secondary education level(P<0.001),diabetes education exposure(P=0.003),lack of ischemic heart disease(P=0.017),and lower glycated hemoglobin(HbA1c)levels(P<0.001).CONCLUSION Diabetes empowerment scores were high among type 2 diabetes patients in this study population.Predictors for high empowerment scores included above secondary education level,diabetes education exposure,lack of ischemic heart disease status and lower HbA1c.

Empower自锁托槽非拔牙矫治青少年安氏Ⅱ类2分类错■的临床效果

评估Empower互动式自锁托槽非拔牙矫治青少年安氏Ⅱ类2分类错[牙合]的临床效果。选择15例恒牙期安氏Ⅱ类2分类错[牙合]畸形的患者,使用Empower自锁矫治器配合后牙玻璃离子垫完成不拔牙矫治。测量矫治前后X线头影测量和模型测量的结果并比较。结果显示上下颌牙弓宽度明显增加,后牙伸长前牙唇倾覆颌明显减小,下颌骨向前下移位,下面高增加。通过Ⅱ类牵引磨牙关系由Ⅱ类变为Ⅰ类。因此,Empower自锁系统配合后牙玻璃离子垫通过扩大牙弓,唇倾前牙解除前牙闭锁,进而调整颌间关系。

Abusive supervision and turnover intention: Mediating effects of psychological empowerment of nurses

Objective: This study aims to determine the mediating effects of psychological empowerment on abusive supervision and turnover intention as perceived by nurses to provide information to change the status of nurse turnover.Methods: A cross-sectional survey (a questionnaire examining perceptions of abusive supervision,measurement of psychological empowerment,and questionnaire for turnover intention) was used to collect data.A total of 1127 clinical nurses,who were recruited through convenience sampling,participated in the survey.Results: Nurses' average perceived abusive supervision,psychological empowerment,and turnover intention scores were 1.62 ± 0.95,3.24 ± 0.83,and 14.17 ± 3.78,respectively.Psychological empowerment was found to mediate the relationship between abusive supervision and turnover intention (P< 0.01).Turnover intention tends to be stronger and psychological empowerment reduced when nurse managers adopt an abusive leadership style.Conclusions: Nurses' psychological empowerment is an intermediary variable that predicts the relationship between abusive supervision and turnover intention.Nurse managers should manage abusive supervision to increase nurses' psychological empowerment and decrease turnover intention.

Family empowerment and quality of life of parents raising children with Developmental Disabilities in 78 Japanese families

Objectives: The families of these children experience distress both at the time of diagnosis and afterward.A top priority is to understand family empowerment,family function,and family members' quality of life (QoL) and to effectively support these families in Japan.The objective of this study was to assess the actual conditions of families living with children having DDs and to explore the factors associated with family empowerment and parents' QoL.Methods: We surveyed ninety-three parents (78 mothers,15 fathers) from 78 families which lived with children with DDs in the capital region of Japan.We assessed two main outcomes using the Japanese versions of the following instruments: Family Empowerment Scale (FES),World Health Organization Quality of Life 26 (WHOQOL26),and other six outcomes.Correlation and multiple regression analyses were conducted.Results: No medication,cooperation with child rearing,assistance from a developmental support center,solved problems related to child rearing,and higher scores in Problem Solving contributed to higher FES scores.Higher WHOQOL26 scores were related to being a full-time housewife,higher self-esteem,no developmental support,a broad emotional support network,higher scores in Problem Solving and Role Function,and lower scores in Affective Reaction and General Function.Conclusions: We revealed that family empowerment and QoL of parents rearing children with DDs in Japan were affected by various subscales of family function and other family attributes.Effective interventions for improving family empowerment and QoL should be researched in the future.

Empowering sonic hedgehog to rescue brain cells after ischemic stroke

Ischemic stroke occurs when blood supply to the brain is interrupted. This can cause irreversible injury to the cen- tral nervous system （CNS） tissue. Each year in the United States almost 800,000 people experience a new or recur- rent stroke. 15% of stroke patients die shortly after insult and only 10% recover completely, leaving the majority of surviving stroke patients with disabilities. Tissue-type plasminogen activator （tPA） is the only available therapy for stroke but its clinical use is limited because of associ- ated danger of intracranial hemorrhage. Therefore, there is an emergent need for stroke therapeutics that are safe and effective when administered at a later time point after insult.