A Smart Phone-oriented Embedded Real-time Operating System

This article presents an embedded Smart Phone Operating System (SPOS) independently designed by ZTE Corporation. The SPOS is based on single kernel architecture with its multi-task real-time kernel supporting hardware platforms and resources of mainstream mobile phones. It has remarkable advantages such as highly efficient and dynamic power management, priority - based preemptive scheduling, fast startup, a variety of drivers, and excellent system stability and operability. For the development of upper layer communication protocols and application software, the SPOS provides wireless communication interfaces and the application program framework.

On modeling approach for embedded real-time software simulation testing

Modeling technology has been introduced into software testing field. However, how to carry through the testing modeling effectively is still a difficulty. Based on combination of simulation modeling technology and embedded real-time software testing method, the process of simulation testing modeling is studied first. And then, the supporting environment of simulation testing modeling is put forward. Furthermore, an approach of embedded real-time software simulation testing modeling including modeling of cross-linked equipments of system under testing （SUT）, test case, testing scheduling, and testing system service is brought forward. Finally, the formalized description and execution system of testing models are given, with which we can realize real-time, closed loop, mad automated system testing for embedded real-time software.

Real-time embedded software testing method based on extended finite state machine

The reliability of real-time embedded software directly determines the reliability of the whole real-time embedded sys- tem, and the effective software testing is an important way to ensure software quality and reliability. Based on the analysis of the characteristics of real-time embedded software, the formal method is introduced into the real-time embedded software testing field and the real-time extended finite state machine （RT-EFSM） model is studied firstly. Then, the time zone division method of real-time embedded system is presented and the definition and description methods of time-constrained transition equivalence class （timeCTEC） are presented. Furthermore, the approaches of the testing sequence and test case generation are put forward. Finally, the proposed method is applied to a typical avionics real- time embedded software testing practice and the examples of the timeCTEC, testing sequences and test cases are given. With the analysis of the testing result, the application verification shows that the proposed method can effectively describe the real-time embedded software state transition characteristics and real-time requirements and play the advantages of the formal methods in accuracy, effectiveness and the automation supporting. Combined with the testing platform, the real-time, closed loop and automated simulation testing for real-time embedded software can be realized effectively.

A State-of-the-Art Survey on Real-Time Issues in Embedded Systems Virtualization

Virtualization has gained great acceptance in the server and cloud computing arena. In recent years, it has also been widely applied to real-time embedded systems with stringent timing constraints. We present a comprehensive survey on real-time issues in virtualization for embedded systems, covering popular virtualization systems including KVM, Xen, L4 and others.

A Requirements Engineering Environment for Embedded Real-Time Software—SREE

The paper presents the embedded real-time software-oriented requirements engineering environment—SREZ. It involves the whole process of software requirements engineering, including the definition, analysis and checking of requirements ,specifications. We first explain the principles of the executable specification language RTRSM. Subsequently, we introduce the main functions of SREE, illustrate the methods and techniques of checking requirements specifications, especially how to perform simulation execution, combining prototyping method with RTRSM and animated representations. At last, we compare the SREE with other requirements specifications methods and make a summary for SREE＇s advantages.

Monitor System for Protection Device Based on Embedded RTOS

For the purpose of the monitor system in digital protection, the embedded real-time operating system (RTOS) and the embedded GUI (Graphical User Interface) is introduced to design the monitor system. Combining the necessity and the application value of the operation system, the choice of embedded Linux and Qt/Embedded is completely viable for the monitor system in digital protection for generator-transformer sets. The design with embedded Linux and embedded GUI enriches system information, increases developing efficiency and improve the generality.

Energy-Efficient Deterministic Fault-Tolerant Scheduling for Embedded Real-Time Systems

By combining fault-tolerance with power management, this paper developed a new method for aperiodic task set for the problem of task scheduling and voltage allocation in embedded real-time systems. The scbedulability of the system was analyzed through checkpointing and the energy saving was considered via dynamic voltage and frequency scaling. Simulation results showed that the proposed algorithm had better performance compared with the existing voltage allocation techniques. The proposed technique saves 51.5% energy over FT-Only and 19.9% over FT ＋ EC on average. Therefore, the proposed method was more appropriate for aperiodic tasks in embedded real-time systems.

A Decision Support Framework for the Choice of Languages and Methods for the Design of Real Time Embedded Systems

The choice of methods or design languages is a crucial phase in the development of systems and software, also for real time and embedded systems. An open question that remains in the design of these types of systems is to build a method, or to choose one among those existing, capable to cover the life cycle of a project, and particularly the development phases. This article contributes to answer the question, by proposing an approach based on a multi-criteria comparative study, of few languages and methods dedicated to the design of real time and embedded systems. The underlying objective of this work is to present to designers a wide range of approaches, and elements that can guide their choices. In order to reach this goal, we propose different comparison criteria. Each criterion is divided into sub-criteria, so that the designers can refine their choices according to the qualities they prefer and wish to have in the method or language. We also define a rating scale which is used to assess the retained languages and methods. The scores obtained from this assessment are presented in tables, one table per criterion, followed by a summary table giving the overall scores. Graphics built from these tables are provided and intend to facilitate the judgement and thus the choice of the designers.

Analysis and Comparison of Five Kinds of Typical Device-Level Embedded Operating Systems

Today, the number of embedded system was applied in the field of automation and control has far exceeded a variety of general-purpose computer. Embedded system is gradually penetrated into all fields of human society, and ubiquitous embedded applications constitute the 'ubiquitous' computing era. Embedded operating system is the core of the em-bedded system, and it directly affects the performance of the whole system. Our Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Embedded Technology has successfully developed five kinds of device-level embedded operating systems by more than ten years’ efforts, and these systems are Webit 5.0, Worix, μKernel, iDCX 128 and μc/os-II 128. This paper mainly analyses and compares the implementation mechanism and performance of these five kinds of device-level embedded operating systems in detail.

基于NT技术的嵌入式实时操作系统——Windows NT Embedded

简单阐述了WindowsNT的技术原理 ,分别从WindowsNTEmbedded的组成、功能、开发调试、与Win dowsCE的区别等方面做了分析 ,同时也给出了用WindowsNTEmbedded开发系统的一般流程和步骤。最后 ,介绍了WindowsNTEmbedded在工业控制领域的应用前景。

Real-Time Monitoring of Meteorological Data at In-Situ GCW Remediation Sites

To optimize the self-organization network, self-adaptation, real-time monitoring, remote management capability, and equipment reuse level of the meteorological station supporting the portable groundwater circulation wells, and to provide real-time and effective technical services and environmental data support for groundwater remediation, a real-time monitoring system design of the meteorological station supporting the portable groundwater circulation wells based on the existing equipment is proposed. A variety of environmental element information is collected and transmitted to the embedded web server by the intelligent weather transmitter, and then processed by the algorithm and stored internally, displayed locally, and published on the web. The system monitoring algorithm and user interface are designed in the CNWSCADA development environment to realize real-time processing and analysis of environmental data and monitoring, control, management, and maintenance of the system status. The PLC-controlled photovoltaic power generating panels and lithium battery packs are in line with the concept of energy saving and emission reduction, and at the same time, as an emergency power supply to guarantee the safety of equipment and data when the utility power fails to meet the requirements. The experiment proves that the system has the characteristics of remote control, real-time interaction, simple station deployment, reliable operation, convenient maintenance, and green environment protection, which is conducive to improving the comprehensive utilization efficiency of various types of environmental information and providing reliable data support, theoretical basis and guidance suggestions for the research of groundwater remediation technology and its disciplines, and the research and development of the movable groundwater cycling well monitoring system.

基于Qt/Embedded的嵌入式自动掌纹识别系统

设计了一个基于Qt/Embedded的嵌入式自动掌纹识别系统,系统可实现掌纹数据的实时采集和识别;该系统是一个以ARM微处理器为核心的嵌入式设备,完全集成硬件平台及软件系统;系统能够脱离主计算机快速高效的工作,成为一个灵活的便携掌纹采集与识别设备,可以满足移动数据采集和临时系统构建,并实现现场实时处理;掌纹识别系统在移动性、便携性和微型化要求下还没有成熟的解决方案,此系统能满足上述要求并可应用于诸多领域。

Research and Development of an Embedded Numerical Control System

This paper puts forward a new scheme of Embedded Numerical Control System based on ARM and DSP,which is at the base of research on traditional numerical control system and embedded technology.And the paper also describes the develop- ment of hardware and software platform.All the development and realization are based on the idea of module design.The embed- ded numerical control system,using ARM and DSP to construct the main control platform,realizes the real-time operation of sys- tem and improves the stability and reliability with the modular designing ideas of hardware and software and with the support of embedded real-time operating system(uc/os-Ⅱ).And the system could realize the multi-network supporting,which is also accord with the development of modularization,flexibility and latticing of numerical control system.

Embedded Linux OS的实时性研究

随着嵌入式系统的迅猛发展,具有重要地位的嵌入式实时性能近来已经成为研究的热点。通过分析LINUX作为嵌入式实时操作系统的特点,认识到其内核在实时性方面急需改进。并详细介绍了实现实时性的两种解决方案,通过比较和分析,研究了他们各自的优缺点。可以看出,嵌入式LINUX操作系统的实时性是可以得到保证的。

Security-Aware Periodic-Write Scheduling for Mission-Critical Embedded Storage System

High quality of security and guaranteed real-time requirements are two key goals of mission- critical embedded storage systems. But most existing real-time disk scheduling algorithms do not consider improving security performance of disk requests. A security-aware periodic-write （SAPW） scheduling algorithm is proposed to judiciously select appropriate security level for each disk request to maximize security value of N periodic disk users, while without sacrificing timing constraint of each user. Simulation results show the significant effectiveness of SAPW algorithm, and the average security improvement is up to 223.6% over other three algorithms.

FreeRTOS线程执行时间统计方法设计与应用

为精确获得嵌入式实时操作系统线程执行时间信息,本文针对意法半导体STM32嵌入式开发平台,以STM32F407单片机为例,基于STM32CubeMX开发工具生成的FreeRTOS工程对线程执行时间统计测量功能进行完善与软件设计,并对FreeRTOS支持包中的时间状态API接口进行介绍与配置,提出使用单片机硬件定时器实现微秒级高精度线程执行时间测量器的设计。实验测试结果表明,该软件设计方法可移植性强,能够正确输出执行时间信息,适用于对线程执行时间要求较高的嵌入式项目以及STM32系列单片机嵌入式工程设计。

RFRTOS:基于Linux的实时操作系统

随着实时应用领域的逐渐扩大,不仅传统嵌入式系统的需求日益紧迫,而且这种情况也渗透到桌面环境.为了满足国内用户在这方面的广泛需求,基于红旗Linux操作系统,开发了RFRTOS实时操作系统.主要从实时调度策略、内核抢占机制、细粒度定时器几方面讨论了RFRTOS的实时支持.实验结果表明,所作改进有效地提高了Linux的调度精度,满足了软实时方面的需求.

基于RTOS的单片机系统在温室环境控制中的应用研究

温室环境控制对实时响应和实时处理能力都有较高的要求 ,针对这一特点 ,提出了基于实时操作系统RTOS的嵌入式单片机系统作为其环境调控的底层控制器 ,在温室环境各参数调控中该底层控制器性能优越、效果显著 。

嵌入式RTOS安全保护机制的研究与实现

在分析安全相关的ARINC653规范的基础上,提出了满足安全关键应用的嵌入式实时操作系统S-CRTOS体系结构,较详细阐述了该体系结构所采用的隔离和保护原理,以及所解决的区间调度、进程池和异步机制等几种关键技术。该体系结构已在多种目标板上成功实现,可用于航空电子、汽车电子等安全关键系统。