In engineering practice simplified methods are essential to the seismic design of embedded earth retaining walls,as fullydynamic numerical analyses are costly,time-consuming and require specific expertise.Recently dev...In engineering practice simplified methods are essential to the seismic design of embedded earth retaining walls,as fullydynamic numerical analyses are costly,time-consuming and require specific expertise.Recently developed pseudostatic methods provide earth stresses and internal forces,even in those cases in which the strength of the soil surrounding the structure is not entirely mobilised.Semiempirical correlations or Newmark sliding block method provide an estimate of earthquake-induced permanent displacements.However,the use of these methods is hindered by uncertainties in the evaluation of a few input parameters,affecting the reliability of the methods.This study uses 1 D site response analyses and 2 D fully-dynamic finite element analyses to show that simplified methods can provide a reasonable estimate of the maximum bending moment and permanent displacements for stiff cantilever walls embedded in uniform sand,providing that a few input parameters are evaluated through semiempirical correlations and a simple 1 D site response analysis.展开更多
The embedded cantilever retaining walls are often required for excavation to construct the undergroundfacilities. Significant numbers of numerical and experimental studies have been performed to understand the behavio...The embedded cantilever retaining walls are often required for excavation to construct the undergroundfacilities. Significant numbers of numerical and experimental studies have been performed to understand the behavior ofembedded cantilever retaining walls under static condition. However, very limited studies have been conducted on thebehavior of embedded retaining walls under seismic condition. In this paper, the behavior of a small scale modelembedded cantilever retaining wall in dry and saturated sand under seismic loading condition is investigated by shaketable tests in the laboratory and numerically using software FLAC2D. The embedded cantilever walls are subjected tosinusoidal dynamic motions. The behaviors of the cantilever walls in terms of lateral displacement and bending momentare studied with the variation of the two important design parameters, peak amplitude of the base motions and excavationdepth. The variation of the pore water pressures within the sand is also observed in the cases of saturated sand. Themaximum lateral displacement of a cantilever wall due to seismic loading is below 1% of the total height of the wall in drysand, but in case of saturated sand, it can go up to 12.75% of the total height of the wall.展开更多
文摘In engineering practice simplified methods are essential to the seismic design of embedded earth retaining walls,as fullydynamic numerical analyses are costly,time-consuming and require specific expertise.Recently developed pseudostatic methods provide earth stresses and internal forces,even in those cases in which the strength of the soil surrounding the structure is not entirely mobilised.Semiempirical correlations or Newmark sliding block method provide an estimate of earthquake-induced permanent displacements.However,the use of these methods is hindered by uncertainties in the evaluation of a few input parameters,affecting the reliability of the methods.This study uses 1 D site response analyses and 2 D fully-dynamic finite element analyses to show that simplified methods can provide a reasonable estimate of the maximum bending moment and permanent displacements for stiff cantilever walls embedded in uniform sand,providing that a few input parameters are evaluated through semiempirical correlations and a simple 1 D site response analysis.
基金The funding for this study vide Grant No.SR/S3/MERC-00292011 of SERB,Department of Science and Technology,New Delhi(India)is gratefully acknowledged.
文摘The embedded cantilever retaining walls are often required for excavation to construct the undergroundfacilities. Significant numbers of numerical and experimental studies have been performed to understand the behavior ofembedded cantilever retaining walls under static condition. However, very limited studies have been conducted on thebehavior of embedded retaining walls under seismic condition. In this paper, the behavior of a small scale modelembedded cantilever retaining wall in dry and saturated sand under seismic loading condition is investigated by shaketable tests in the laboratory and numerically using software FLAC2D. The embedded cantilever walls are subjected tosinusoidal dynamic motions. The behaviors of the cantilever walls in terms of lateral displacement and bending momentare studied with the variation of the two important design parameters, peak amplitude of the base motions and excavationdepth. The variation of the pore water pressures within the sand is also observed in the cases of saturated sand. Themaximum lateral displacement of a cantilever wall due to seismic loading is below 1% of the total height of the wall in drysand, but in case of saturated sand, it can go up to 12.75% of the total height of the wall.
