Using input-output tables of China and the U.S., this paper has calculated the pollution embodied in trade and structure of pollution, the balance of emissions embodied in trade （BEET） and the pollution terms of tra...Using input-output tables of China and the U.S., this paper has calculated the pollution embodied in trade and structure of pollution, the balance of emissions embodied in trade （BEET） and the pollution terms of trade （PTT） for 18 manufacturing sectors of China and the US. between 2001 and 2010. The calculation aims to verify whether China has become a ＂pollution haven＂ in bilateral trade with developed countries represented by the U.S., and whether Chinese exports are ＂dirtier＂ compared with imports from the U.S., and further conducting an industry structure analysis and effect decomposition study on pollution embodied in trade in industrial goods between China and U.S.. Result of our research indicates that according to our calculation of the BEET, China remains a country with environmental deficits in bilateral trade with the U.S. while the gaps between pollution embodied in China＇s export and import are narrowing. Pollution embodied in China＇s export has the tendency of increase before decline while pollution embodied in import demonstrates no significant tendency of decline. Through effect decomposition, we further found that the effect of technology arising from the substantial decline of pollution intensity effectively lowered pollution embodied in export and narrowed the environmental deficits of China in its bilateral trade. The effect of scale arising from growing export volumes significantly increased China＇s environmental deficits while the structural effect arising from changes in the structure of import and export is insignificant in reducing environmental deficits. Our calculation of the PTT led to the finding that China＇s export goods are more pollution intensive compared with import goods and that the structure of US exports to China is cleaner than the structure of Chinese exports to the US., which requires further improvements of China＇s import and export structure.展开更多
This paper attempts to construct comparable price input-output tables for 1987-2006 and estimates the impacts of trade on China’s energy consumption and SO<sub>2</sub> emissions based on these tables.The ...This paper attempts to construct comparable price input-output tables for 1987-2006 and estimates the impacts of trade on China’s energy consumption and SO<sub>2</sub> emissions based on these tables.The estimation results show that energy and sulfur embodied in exports surged during the 1987-2006 period and the impact of exports on China’s energy consumption and pollutant emissions reached a critical level.As energy and sulfur embodied in exports grew faster than pollution embodied in imports,the absolute gap between the two measurements continued to grow rapidly. Meanwhile,the terms of trade in energy and S02 severely deteriorated.展开更多
本文的目的是测算开放条件下的可持续发展指数,即环境成本转移指数。本文运用物质流的方法,采用对外贸易内含污染的平衡指标(balance of embodied emissionsintrade)对中国在1976-2004年与主要贸易伙伴国的对外贸易的内含六种空气污染...本文的目的是测算开放条件下的可持续发展指数,即环境成本转移指数。本文运用物质流的方法,采用对外贸易内含污染的平衡指标(balance of embodied emissionsintrade)对中国在1976-2004年与主要贸易伙伴国的对外贸易的内含六种空气污染物污染进行了估计,结果表明,中国的总进口的空气污染排放要大于总出口,总体上对外贸易有利于中国环境质量的改善。但中国同美国和英国这两个发达国家的环境贸易条件(environmental terms of trade)在样本期内呈逐步恶化趋势。从部门结构看,2004年中美双边贸易内含污染物主要来源于工业化学和钢铁这两个部门。展开更多
基金supported by the Foundation of Tianjin Educational Committee(Grant No.20112401)
文摘Using input-output tables of China and the U.S., this paper has calculated the pollution embodied in trade and structure of pollution, the balance of emissions embodied in trade （BEET） and the pollution terms of trade （PTT） for 18 manufacturing sectors of China and the US. between 2001 and 2010. The calculation aims to verify whether China has become a ＂pollution haven＂ in bilateral trade with developed countries represented by the U.S., and whether Chinese exports are ＂dirtier＂ compared with imports from the U.S., and further conducting an industry structure analysis and effect decomposition study on pollution embodied in trade in industrial goods between China and U.S.. Result of our research indicates that according to our calculation of the BEET, China remains a country with environmental deficits in bilateral trade with the U.S. while the gaps between pollution embodied in China＇s export and import are narrowing. Pollution embodied in China＇s export has the tendency of increase before decline while pollution embodied in import demonstrates no significant tendency of decline. Through effect decomposition, we further found that the effect of technology arising from the substantial decline of pollution intensity effectively lowered pollution embodied in export and narrowed the environmental deficits of China in its bilateral trade. The effect of scale arising from growing export volumes significantly increased China＇s environmental deficits while the structural effect arising from changes in the structure of import and export is insignificant in reducing environmental deficits. Our calculation of the PTT led to the finding that China＇s export goods are more pollution intensive compared with import goods and that the structure of US exports to China is cleaner than the structure of Chinese exports to the US., which requires further improvements of China＇s import and export structure.
文摘This paper attempts to construct comparable price input-output tables for 1987-2006 and estimates the impacts of trade on China’s energy consumption and SO<sub>2</sub> emissions based on these tables.The estimation results show that energy and sulfur embodied in exports surged during the 1987-2006 period and the impact of exports on China’s energy consumption and pollutant emissions reached a critical level.As energy and sulfur embodied in exports grew faster than pollution embodied in imports,the absolute gap between the two measurements continued to grow rapidly. Meanwhile,the terms of trade in energy and S02 severely deteriorated.
文摘本文的目的是测算开放条件下的可持续发展指数,即环境成本转移指数。本文运用物质流的方法,采用对外贸易内含污染的平衡指标(balance of embodied emissionsintrade)对中国在1976-2004年与主要贸易伙伴国的对外贸易的内含六种空气污染物污染进行了估计,结果表明,中国的总进口的空气污染排放要大于总出口,总体上对外贸易有利于中国环境质量的改善。但中国同美国和英国这两个发达国家的环境贸易条件(environmental terms of trade)在样本期内呈逐步恶化趋势。从部门结构看,2004年中美双边贸易内含污染物主要来源于工业化学和钢铁这两个部门。
