Embodiment of Rationality:Philosophical Interpretation of Embodied Cognition

Under the influence of European rationalism,which holds that human rationality is higher than,or at least independent of human sensory cognition,the first generation of cognitive science advocates for disembodied cognition,manifesting the concept of dualism of mind and body.With the development of cognitive science in the 1980s,the second generation of cognitive science redefines the relationship between mind and body,thought and behavior,and reason and feeling and puts forward the concept of embodied cognition,representing monism of mind and body.It is claimed that the formation of concepts,categorical cognition and the evolution of rational thinking are characterized by embodiment,which is the necessary condition and basis for the formation of human rationality.The current study traces the shift of cognitive science from dualism to monism of mind and body and explores the relationship between rationality and sensibility from the perspective of philosophical basis and interpretations,with an aim to achieve a better understanding and thorough interpretation of human rationality.In this heated discussion about embodied cognition,there are still some fundamental questions that need to be further clarified,such as the essence and mechanism of human cognition,the ways that human body participates in cognitive activities,especially imagination and reasoning.The research paradigm of embodied cognition and its relevant theory have not been established and developed yet,and empirical research from interdisciplinary perspectives is far from enough to provide hard evidence for embodied cognition.

论莱柯夫术语“Embodiment”译名

"embodiment"是认知语言学非常重要的基本概念,它派生出"embodied mind"、"embodied cognition"、"embodied realism"、"embodied philosophy"等概念,该术语译名不当会直接影响对认知语言学理论的正确理解。该术语译名很多,有体现化、体认、体验、化身、寓身、涉身、具身、缘身性、体身化、成体化和肉身化等等,都是深思熟虑的结果,都有一定道理,但整体看都略感言已尽而意犹未止。这个术语译名的多样化源于它本身在众多不同学科中的应用,其中仅罗瑞就总结了其12种定义。本文集中讨论莱柯夫/约翰逊定义,从西方哲学史关于"精神/身体"的讨论说起,通过探讨亚里士多德、柏拉图、笛卡尔、尼采、罗兰.巴特、梅洛庞蒂和杜威等人的观点,将这个贯穿西方哲学史的讨论概括为有心无体—心体对立—身体复兴—体心合一的过程,通过详细介绍莱柯夫/约翰逊对"第一代认知科学"和"第二代认知科学"的区分,最后得出"embodiment"译名的具体建议。

Embodiment概念辨析

Embodiment(缘身性)的基本内涵是处境中的身体塑成心灵。缘身性具有哲学和科学上的理论渊源。Embodiment可以翻译为缘身性。缘身性表明身体既是认知的载体和实现者,同时更是认知的产生者和塑造者。在身体塑成心灵作用的理解方面,也存在局限的(知觉意识的)和彻底的(全部意识的)维度。缘身性概念需要加以澄清,并且可以从三个方面得到界定。

The necessary humanistic embodiment in the philosophy, theory and mode of College English teaching

Along with development of China＇s popular education, the embodiment of humanistic education is the natural and inevitable requirement of higher education after its transition from elite to popular education to ensure a good quality and a higher level. English teaching is indispensable due to the uniqueness of Chinese language and culture, and our open policy. College English teaching has become an extremely important platform, different from most other countries, to train talents. And to train talents is not only to train for the English language speakers or to be just certain technicians. This article will, from aspects of teaching philosophy, theory and mode, give a preliminary probe into the reasons why humanistic education should show itself up in all segments of college English teaching and how to show up. And it is expected to use the little to get the big.

Embodiment of Meanings in the Transliteration of International Brand Names into Chinese

The translation of brand names is a new branch in the field of translation along with the development of economy and trade between countries,which has its own characteristics.As the language and culture of English and Chinese both differ from each other,this essay is explored to study the transliteration of brand names from English to Chinese so as to examine how meanings are embodied in the translation.

Discussion on The Value Embodiment of Vocal Music Aesthetics in The Art of Vocal Music

With the continuous development of social economy in our country,communication between international culture,artistic and other aspects is also increasingly frequent.The improvement of material life inevitably bring the change of mental life.As a cross discipline between musical aesthetics and artistic aesthetics,vocal music aesthetics has gradually become the core content of vocal music art,and has been paid more and more attention by experts and scholars,the research on vocal music aesthetics has become an important subject in the ？ eld of theoretical research.By discussing the value of vocal music aesthetics in vocal music art,this paper further explores the connotation and function of vocal music aesthetics,in order to make a contribution to the prosperity and development of vocal music art of our country.

The Comprehensive Embodiment of Characters and Thoughts in The Old Man and the Sea

The Old Man and the Seais the representative work of the famous American writer Hemingway.It tells the adventure experience of an old Cuban fisherman fishing and fighting with nature.It has created a unique image of San Diego,contains profound philosophical thoughts and humanistic spirit,and is an important content of literary research.This article analyzes the characters in The Old Man and the Sea,hoping to deepen the understanding of this work.

The Embodiment of Hope： An Engaged Buddhist Perspective

This study explores the phenomenon of human hoping and its role as one addressed times of deep suffering. Vaclav Havel＇s writing on ＂deep hope＂ and Maurice Merleau-Ponty＇s classic work on embodiment were seen as points of intersection with Engaged Buddhist teachings. In-depth interviews with two Engaged Buddhists supported the premise of this paper： Deep or embodied hope is quite different from ordinary wishing or ＂hoping＂ and plays a positive role as one moved through their suffering process.

A systematic review on embodiment and breast reconstruction:a patient-centered framework for evolving breast outcome measures

Embodiment describes the sense of one’s own body,encompassing dimensions of being,having,and using a body.Regarding breast reconstruction,embodiment can be understood as how effectively the reconstructed breast replaces the patient’s missing breast.While there has been increasing attention in recent decades on understanding and measuring embodiment in the prosthetic limb,there is limited literature applying embodiment to the context of breast reconstruction.We posit that the literature on prosthetic embodiment can be applied to evolving discussions on breast reconstruction outcomes and patient satisfaction.As breast reconstruction techniques continue to evolve,such as advances in nerve coaptation and reinnervation of the breasts,the concept of embodiment may help broaden the scope of how patient outcomes can be more holistically evaluated.This systematic review examines existing literature on embodiment after breast reconstruction,summarizes embodiment and its subcomponents,and discusses how embodiment can be a helpful framework for the future of breast reconstruction outcome measures.

Embodiment、认知科学以及传统意义理论的发展

智能是一个有"意义"的活动;认知科学与意义理论之间存在有效的互动。概念/命题的传统意义理论是传统认知科学研究的重要理论基础。Embodiment支配的涉身认知科学研究是对基于规则演算的传统认知科学的现实修正。涉身认知科学与相应的哲学思想产生了一种更为全面的涉身意义理论。涉身意义理论提供了全面揭示和了解智能的一条可能路径。

Embodied Meaning in Comprehending Abstract Chinese Counterfactuals

Embodied cognition theories propose that language comprehension triggers a sensorimotor system in the brain.However,most previous research has paid much attention to concrete and factual sentences,and little emphasis has been put on the research of abstract and counterfactual sentences.The primary challenges for embodied theories lie in elucidating the meanings of abstract and counterfactual sentences.The most prevalent explanation is that abstract and counterfactual sentences are grounded in the activation of a sensorimotor system,in exactly the same way as concrete and factual ones.The present research employed a dual-task experimental paradigm to investigate whether the embodied meaning is activated in comprehending action-related abstract Chinese counterfactual sentences through the presence or absence of action-sentence compatibility effect(ACE).Participants were instructed to read and listen to the action-related abstract Chinese factual or counterfactual sentences describing an abstract transfer word towards or away from them,and then move their fingers towards or away from them to press the buttons in the same direction as the motion cue of the transfer verb.The action-sentence compatibility effect was observed in both abstract factual and counterfactual sentences,in line with the embodied cognition theories,which indicated that the embodied meanings were activated in both action-related abstract factuals and counterfactuals.

The Claimed Revolution to Understand Consciousness:Information Plays the Driving/Essential Role for the Structuration and Behavior of the Living Organisms

A prestigious conference claimed recently a revolution in neuroscience to understand consciousness.In this paper it is shown that this revolution already came,revealing the determinant role of information for human and living structures,both for their structuration and behavior,explaining consciousness at human as the result of the activity of the Informational System of Human and Living Structures.For this,it is emphasized and discussed the informational structure of the eukaryotic cell,the basic/representative composing unit of the multicellular body of human,animals,and plants,showing that the composition and functions of the informational system are basically similar with that of human.To reveal the driving role of informational mechanisms in human and subhuman organisms,it is introduced the concept of matter-related information,showing that information can be hidden/“embodied”or released/“disembodied”in or from the elemental micro/macro components of the body,during the multiple chain/cascade interactions including transduction processes.It is shown that such interactions are initiated from two main categories of informational sources:implicit(genetic)and explicit(external/internal)sources,the first category leading to structuration of the body and the second the reactive behavior.Consciousness in human and subhuman organisms,expressed by two corresponding informational relations,is the result of the release of information by the mind,acting as an informational operator/device,the development degree of mind and consciousness depending on the complexity degree and adaptation.An analogy of this Informational Model of Human and Living Structures(IMHLS)with the ancient model of chakras is highlighted,showing that these models support each other,applied with beneficial effects in Reiki technique and music-based cognitive multi-task therapy for neuro-rehabilitation.

通智测试——基于动态具身物理社会交互环境的通用人工智能测试

The release of the generative pre-trained transformer(GPT)series has brought artificial general intelligence(AGI)to the forefront of the artificial intelligence(AI)field once again.However,the questions of how to define and evaluate AGI remain unclear.This perspective article proposes that the evaluation of AGI should be rooted in dynamic embodied physical and social interactions(DEPSI).More specifically,we propose five critical characteristics to be considered as AGI benchmarks and suggest the Tong test as an AGI evaluation system.The Tong test describes a value-and ability-oriented testing system that delineates five levels of AGI milestones through a virtual environment with DEPSI,allowing for infinite task generation.We contrast the Tong test with classical AI testing systems in terms of various aspects and propose a systematic evaluation system to promote standardized,quantitative,and objective benchmarks and evaluation of AGI.

Quantitative analysis of CO_(2) embodiment in international trade:An overview of emerging literatures

The increasing volume of CO_(2) embodiment in international trade adds a layer of complexity to environmental policies and has raised arguments on the traditional production based responsibility for CO_(2) emissions.In order to help understand the quantity of CO_(2) embodiment in trade and its policy implications,this paper gives observations to recently emerging literatures that quantitatively discuss CO_(2) embodiment in trade.The analytical approaches share the principle of using input and output modeling but vary dramatically in study boundary and estimation accuracy.The calculations can be roughly categorized into three types:direct quantification of CO_(2) embodiments in multiregional trade,direct quantification of CO_(2) embodiment in bilateral trade,and indirect analysis by comparing the scenarios with or without trade.The practical estimations strongly rely on trade partner selection and data availability.An obvious imbalance of net CO_(2) embodiment in the commodity trade between major developed countries and developing economies as a whole was confirmed by these literatures.Carbon taxes and other possible limitations on CO_(2) emissions have been addressed.The consistency across the calculations could be enhanced by systematic analyses in more detail to convince the international community to take binding commitments for the reduction of global CO_(2) emissions.

建筑全生命周期碳排放——内涵、计算和减量

The life-cycle assessment method,which originates from general products and services,has gradually come to be applied to investigations of the life-cycle carbon emissions(LCCE)of buildings.A literature review was conducted to clarify LCCE implications,calculations,and reductions in the context of buildings.A total of 826 global building carbon emission calculation cases were obtained from 161 studies based on the framework of the building life-cycle stage division stipulated by ISO 21930 and the basic principles of the emission factor(EF)approach.The carbon emission calculation methods and results are discussed herein,based on the modules of production,construction,use,end-of-life,and supplementary benefits.According to the hotspot distribution of a building’s carbon emissions,carbon reduction strategies are classified into six groups for technical content and benefits analysis,including reducing the activity data pertaining to building materials and energy,reducing the carbon EFs of the building materials and energy,and exploiting the advantages of supplementary benefits.The research gaps and challenges in current building LCCE studies are summarized in terms of research goals and ideas,calculation methods,basic parameters,and carbon reduction strategies;development suggestions are also proposed.

The Application of Embodied Cognitive Linguistics in the English Translation of Two-Part Allegorical Saying—An Analysis of Examples From A Dream of Red Mansions

As a kind of widely circulated folk language,two-part allegorical saying(“xiehouyu”)carries the wisdom of the Chinese people and is characterized with humor and vivid imagery.Taking the two English translation versions of A Dream of Red Mansions as examples,this paper analyzes the English translation of two-part allegorical saying based on the core principle of Embodied Cognitive Linguistics(ECL),“Reality-Cognition-Language”,and explores how the English translation of two-part allegorical saying reflects the three dimensions of ECL.

Exploration and Practice of Life Education Curriculum Based on Embodied Cognition Theory

In recent years,the suicide rate of adolescents has been increasing year by year,and life and health problems have become the most important in education.It is urgent to promote the construction of the curriculum of life education effectively.In view of the“vacuity”and“fragmented”state of traditional life education,this paper combs the teaching objectives,teaching contents,teaching methods,and teaching evaluation of life education from the perspective of embodied cognition theory,to explore the construction of positive experience of life education curriculum.

Research on Children’s Game Activity Design Strategies Based on Embodied Cognition Theory

Edutainment,in the kindergarten education stage,emphasizes the game as the basic activity and combines the content of education with the form of the game,thus it also forms the educational method of gamification teaching.Through investigation and analysis,it is found that the current kindergarten game activity design has the problem of improper combination of educational content and game form.The current kindergarten game activity design has problems such as stereotypes,children’s lack of active learning opportunities in activities,teachers’insufficient theoretical understanding,inappropriate teacher guidance methods,and so on.Embodied cognition theory attaches importance to the important role of the body in the development of cognition,provides new guidance for classroom teaching,and opens up a new path for classroom teaching reform.Based on the perspective of embodied cognition theory,the concept of body and mind integration should be adhered to in kindergarten teaching with games as the basic activity,experiential teaching situation should be created,children’s subjective experience should be respected,and games and interactions should be designed to promote children’s physical and mental participation,thus laying a foundation for the realization of children’s individual freedom,autonomy,and all-round development.Therefore,this paper aims at the existing problems in the current kindergarten gamification teaching and discusses the design strategy of children’s game activities based on embodied cognition theory.

Embodiment and Disembodiment in General Semiotics

Embodiment studies, strong after decades, remain a fount of vitality for semiotics. We connect sophisticated representations to prior experiences of sensing and manipulating our physical bodies, but we sometimes neglect the complementary moment of letting the body go. General semiotics （and/or general semiology）, the encompassing framework such as Saussure imagined or Peirce proposed, has not yet theorized embodiment and disembodiment as universal and reciprocal. Semiotics needs to rediscover corporeality only because semiosis accomplished so much by disengaging from and erasing the body, often via play, games and abstraction, an advancement quintessentiaUy human though perhaps not uniquely so.