The release of the generative pre-trained transformer(GPT)series has brought artificial general intelligence(AGI)to the forefront of the artificial intelligence(AI)field once again.However,the questions of how to defi...The release of the generative pre-trained transformer(GPT)series has brought artificial general intelligence(AGI)to the forefront of the artificial intelligence(AI)field once again.However,the questions of how to define and evaluate AGI remain unclear.This perspective article proposes that the evaluation of AGI should be rooted in dynamic embodied physical and social interactions(DEPSI).More specifically,we propose five critical characteristics to be considered as AGI benchmarks and suggest the Tong test as an AGI evaluation system.The Tong test describes a value-and ability-oriented testing system that delineates five levels of AGI milestones through a virtual environment with DEPSI,allowing for infinite task generation.We contrast the Tong test with classical AI testing systems in terms of various aspects and propose a systematic evaluation system to promote standardized,quantitative,and objective benchmarks and evaluation of AGI.展开更多
The life-cycle assessment method,which originates from general products and services,has gradually come to be applied to investigations of the life-cycle carbon emissions(LCCE)of buildings.A literature review was cond...The life-cycle assessment method,which originates from general products and services,has gradually come to be applied to investigations of the life-cycle carbon emissions(LCCE)of buildings.A literature review was conducted to clarify LCCE implications,calculations,and reductions in the context of buildings.A total of 826 global building carbon emission calculation cases were obtained from 161 studies based on the framework of the building life-cycle stage division stipulated by ISO 21930 and the basic principles of the emission factor(EF)approach.The carbon emission calculation methods and results are discussed herein,based on the modules of production,construction,use,end-of-life,and supplementary benefits.According to the hotspot distribution of a building’s carbon emissions,carbon reduction strategies are classified into six groups for technical content and benefits analysis,including reducing the activity data pertaining to building materials and energy,reducing the carbon EFs of the building materials and energy,and exploiting the advantages of supplementary benefits.The research gaps and challenges in current building LCCE studies are summarized in terms of research goals and ideas,calculation methods,basic parameters,and carbon reduction strategies;development suggestions are also proposed.展开更多
Embodied cognition theories propose that language comprehension triggers a sensorimotor system in the brain.However,most previous research has paid much attention to concrete and factual sentences,and little emphasis ...Embodied cognition theories propose that language comprehension triggers a sensorimotor system in the brain.However,most previous research has paid much attention to concrete and factual sentences,and little emphasis has been put on the research of abstract and counterfactual sentences.The primary challenges for embodied theories lie in elucidating the meanings of abstract and counterfactual sentences.The most prevalent explanation is that abstract and counterfactual sentences are grounded in the activation of a sensorimotor system,in exactly the same way as concrete and factual ones.The present research employed a dual-task experimental paradigm to investigate whether the embodied meaning is activated in comprehending action-related abstract Chinese counterfactual sentences through the presence or absence of action-sentence compatibility effect(ACE).Participants were instructed to read and listen to the action-related abstract Chinese factual or counterfactual sentences describing an abstract transfer word towards or away from them,and then move their fingers towards or away from them to press the buttons in the same direction as the motion cue of the transfer verb.The action-sentence compatibility effect was observed in both abstract factual and counterfactual sentences,in line with the embodied cognition theories,which indicated that the embodied meanings were activated in both action-related abstract factuals and counterfactuals.展开更多
A prestigious conference claimed recently a revolution in neuroscience to understand consciousness.In this paper it is shown that this revolution already came,revealing the determinant role of information for human an...A prestigious conference claimed recently a revolution in neuroscience to understand consciousness.In this paper it is shown that this revolution already came,revealing the determinant role of information for human and living structures,both for their structuration and behavior,explaining consciousness at human as the result of the activity of the Informational System of Human and Living Structures.For this,it is emphasized and discussed the informational structure of the eukaryotic cell,the basic/representative composing unit of the multicellular body of human,animals,and plants,showing that the composition and functions of the informational system are basically similar with that of human.To reveal the driving role of informational mechanisms in human and subhuman organisms,it is introduced the concept of matter-related information,showing that information can be hidden/“embodied”or released/“disembodied”in or from the elemental micro/macro components of the body,during the multiple chain/cascade interactions including transduction processes.It is shown that such interactions are initiated from two main categories of informational sources:implicit(genetic)and explicit(external/internal)sources,the first category leading to structuration of the body and the second the reactive behavior.Consciousness in human and subhuman organisms,expressed by two corresponding informational relations,is the result of the release of information by the mind,acting as an informational operator/device,the development degree of mind and consciousness depending on the complexity degree and adaptation.An analogy of this Informational Model of Human and Living Structures(IMHLS)with the ancient model of chakras is highlighted,showing that these models support each other,applied with beneficial effects in Reiki technique and music-based cognitive multi-task therapy for neuro-rehabilitation.展开更多
In recent years,the suicide rate of adolescents has been increasing year by year,and life and health problems have become the most important in education.It is urgent to promote the construction of the curriculum of l...In recent years,the suicide rate of adolescents has been increasing year by year,and life and health problems have become the most important in education.It is urgent to promote the construction of the curriculum of life education effectively.In view of the“vacuity”and“fragmented”state of traditional life education,this paper combs the teaching objectives,teaching contents,teaching methods,and teaching evaluation of life education from the perspective of embodied cognition theory,to explore the construction of positive experience of life education curriculum.展开更多
Edutainment,in the kindergarten education stage,emphasizes the game as the basic activity and combines the content of education with the form of the game,thus it also forms the educational method of gamification teach...Edutainment,in the kindergarten education stage,emphasizes the game as the basic activity and combines the content of education with the form of the game,thus it also forms the educational method of gamification teaching.Through investigation and analysis,it is found that the current kindergarten game activity design has the problem of improper combination of educational content and game form.The current kindergarten game activity design has problems such as stereotypes,children’s lack of active learning opportunities in activities,teachers’insufficient theoretical understanding,inappropriate teacher guidance methods,and so on.Embodied cognition theory attaches importance to the important role of the body in the development of cognition,provides new guidance for classroom teaching,and opens up a new path for classroom teaching reform.Based on the perspective of embodied cognition theory,the concept of body and mind integration should be adhered to in kindergarten teaching with games as the basic activity,experiential teaching situation should be created,children’s subjective experience should be respected,and games and interactions should be designed to promote children’s physical and mental participation,thus laying a foundation for the realization of children’s individual freedom,autonomy,and all-round development.Therefore,this paper aims at the existing problems in the current kindergarten gamification teaching and discusses the design strategy of children’s game activities based on embodied cognition theory.展开更多
With the improvement of current online communication schemes,it is now possible to successfully distribute and transport secured digital Content via the communication channel at a faster transmission rate.Traditional ...With the improvement of current online communication schemes,it is now possible to successfully distribute and transport secured digital Content via the communication channel at a faster transmission rate.Traditional steganography and cryptography concepts are used to achieve the goal of concealing secret Content on a media and encrypting it before transmission.Both of the techniques mentioned above aid in the confidentiality of feature content.The proposed approach concerns secret content embodiment in selected pixels on digital image layers such as Red,Green,and Blue.The private Content originated from a medical client and was forwarded to a medical practitioner on the server end through the internet.The K-Means clustering principle uses the contouring approach to frame the pixel clusters on the image layers.The content embodiment procedure is performed on the selected pixel groups of all layers of the image using the Least Significant Bit(LSB)substitution technique to build the secret Content embedded image known as the stego image,which is subsequently transmitted across the internet medium to the server end.The experimental results are computed using the inputs from“Open-Access Medical Image Repositories(aylward.org)”and demonstrate the scheme’s impudence as the Content concealing procedure progresses.展开更多
Under the influence of European rationalism,which holds that human rationality is higher than,or at least independent of human sensory cognition,the first generation of cognitive science advocates for disembodied cogn...Under the influence of European rationalism,which holds that human rationality is higher than,or at least independent of human sensory cognition,the first generation of cognitive science advocates for disembodied cognition,manifesting the concept of dualism of mind and body.With the development of cognitive science in the 1980s,the second generation of cognitive science redefines the relationship between mind and body,thought and behavior,and reason and feeling and puts forward the concept of embodied cognition,representing monism of mind and body.It is claimed that the formation of concepts,categorical cognition and the evolution of rational thinking are characterized by embodiment,which is the necessary condition and basis for the formation of human rationality.The current study traces the shift of cognitive science from dualism to monism of mind and body and explores the relationship between rationality and sensibility from the perspective of philosophical basis and interpretations,with an aim to achieve a better understanding and thorough interpretation of human rationality.In this heated discussion about embodied cognition,there are still some fundamental questions that need to be further clarified,such as the essence and mechanism of human cognition,the ways that human body participates in cognitive activities,especially imagination and reasoning.The research paradigm of embodied cognition and its relevant theory have not been established and developed yet,and empirical research from interdisciplinary perspectives is far from enough to provide hard evidence for embodied cognition.展开更多
This article delves into the intricate relationship between cognitive science and embodied cognition, offering transformative philosophical insights with profound implications for our understanding of the mind-body co...This article delves into the intricate relationship between cognitive science and embodied cognition, offering transformative philosophical insights with profound implications for our understanding of the mind-body connection. In response to the journal’s feedback, we have enhanced the abstract to provide a more comprehensive overview of our study. Background: We trace the historical evolution of ideas, from the inception of cognitive science rooted in analytic philosophy to the groundbreaking contributions of Rodney Brooks and others in the field of artificial intelligence. We also explore the work of scholars such as Agre, Chapman, and Dreyfus, shedding light on the role of cognitive metaphor and the concept of the cognitive unconscious in shaping our understanding of embodied cognition. Purpose: Our study aims to shed light on the central theme that unites these various strands of thought—the rejection of the traditional, transcendental view of the subject in favor of the concept of an embodied subject. This embodied subject actively engages with its environment, shaping consciousness and cognition. This shift in perspective challenges classical epistemological theories and opens new avenues for inquiry. Method: We have conducted a comprehensive literature review to explore the historical development and key concepts in the field of embodied cognition, with a particular focus on the philosophical underpinnings and their integration into cognitive science. Results: Our examination of embodied cognition reveals that the mind is intimately connected to the body, with cognition emerging through interactions with the environment and perceptual experiences. This perspective challenges reductionist notions and demonstrates that mental states cannot be reduced to brain states alone. We also explore the relationship between functionalism and computational states of the brain, illustrating that mental states can be understood in the context of mathematical functions. Conclusion: In conclusion, this paper highlights the profound implications of embodied cognition and suggests that the mind is not isolated from the body but intimately tied to it. This perspective provides a fresh approach to the mind-body problem, emphasizing the role of the environment and perceptual experiences in shaping cognition. We invite further research into the practical applications of embodied cognition in fields like artificial intelligence, robotics, and psychology, and encourage investigations into the intersections between cognitive science and various branches of philosophy, offering valuable insights into the nature of consciousness and cognition. In essence, this study provides a comprehensive overview of the evolution and implications of embodied cognition, laying the groundwork for further research and fostering a deeper appreciation of the profound shifts in perspective that this theory brings to our understanding of the human mind.展开更多
As the international trading system has developed with the division of Global value Chains (GVCS), the export trade of Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa (BRICS) has grown rapidly. The resulting growth of ...As the international trading system has developed with the division of Global value Chains (GVCS), the export trade of Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa (BRICS) has grown rapidly. The resulting growth of carbon emissions has drawn wide attention from the international community, necessitating the comparison of the trade benefits and environmental costs of the BRICS participation in GVCS. Based on the Eora database, this paper constructs a decomposition framework for the calculation of export value-added and embodied carbon, based on a multi-region input-output (MRIO) model. The trade benefits and environmental costs paid by the BRICS’ total exports from 1990 to 2015 were measured and the imbalance was analyzed, along with the causes. The results show that the main value-added and carbon embodied in the BRICS’ exports originate from their own countries, and the domestic value-added content of the BRICS’ exports decreased while the foreign value-added content increased.展开更多
Highlights In this article,we contend that the bedrock of an equitable world lies in the profound recognition of love as the fundamental force permeating the cosmos.We believe that love is built into the essence of wh...Highlights In this article,we contend that the bedrock of an equitable world lies in the profound recognition of love as the fundamental force permeating the cosmos.We believe that love is built into the essence of who we are.We posit that genuine progress toward an equitable world is elusive unless we place love,both for one another and for the natural world,at the core of our educational endeavors.展开更多
Embodied Language Comprehension Theory claims that language is grounded in bodily activity and meaning is grounded in sensory motor system in modality.This study aims to examine whether EFL(English as a Foreign Langua...Embodied Language Comprehension Theory claims that language is grounded in bodily activity and meaning is grounded in sensory motor system in modality.This study aims to examine whether EFL(English as a Foreign Language)learners triggered Action-Sentence Compatibility Effect(ACE)during sentence comprehension.The English sentences including concrete and abstract verbs are taken as stimuli.Reaction time and accuracy rate of the participants were collected as the experimental data.Two groups of students with different English proficiencies participated in the study.The results indicate that(1)While processing concrete-verb sentences,both groups triggered ACE.(2)There is no significant ACE in processing abstract-verb sentences.(3)High proficiency group responded faster with a higher accuracy.(4)It is difficult for EFL learners to process abstract actions.To conclude,the present study shows that mental simulation is activated while EFL learners with certain language proficiency are processing sentences.In foreign language comprehension,mental simulation would be facilitated with higher language proficiency.展开更多
The Dubliners is a famous novel by the eminent Irish novelist James Joyce.This book collection begins with new-born life and ends with death.The unity of form and content symbolizes the life process of a human being-f...The Dubliners is a famous novel by the eminent Irish novelist James Joyce.This book collection begins with new-born life and ends with death.The unity of form and content symbolizes the life process of a human being-from birth to death,there fore we can say that Dubliners is the image of a human being.In this collection,Joyce employs several kinds of symbolic method and symbols play a very important role in the implied meanings of these short stories.展开更多
Metaphorarises from correlations in experience or from similarities between experiential domains,and is closely relatedwith bodily experience.Metaphor variation partially results from constraining effects of the diffe...Metaphorarises from correlations in experience or from similarities between experiential domains,and is closely relatedwith bodily experience.Metaphor variation partially results from constraining effects of the differential cognitive styles of individualspeakers and groups,as well as context.Context is an important factor in regarding metaphor universality and variation.展开更多
The main values and believes of the Americansare:a.freedom(or individualism),the price paidfor it is self-reliance;b.equality of opportunity,the price paid for itis competition;c.inaterial wealth,the price paid for it...The main values and believes of the Americansare:a.freedom(or individualism),the price paidfor it is self-reliance;b.equality of opportunity,the price paid for itis competition;c.inaterial wealth,the price paid for it is hardwork.These can be called the“theme”of life.Thesethemes cover different fields such as religion,family,life,education,business and politics.The followingare all embodied in American culture:展开更多
A hierarchical structural decomposition analysis(SDA) model has been developed based on process-level input-output(I-O) tables to analyze the drivers of energy consumption changes in an integrated steel plant during 2...A hierarchical structural decomposition analysis(SDA) model has been developed based on process-level input-output(I-O) tables to analyze the drivers of energy consumption changes in an integrated steel plant during 2011-2013. By combining the principle of hierarchical decomposition into D&L method, a hierarchical decomposition model for multilevel SDA is obtained. The developed hierarchical IO-SDA model would provide consistent results and need less computation effort compared with the traditional SDA model. The decomposition results of the steel plant suggest that the technology improvement and reduced steel final demand are two major reasons for declined total energy consumption. The technical improvements of blast furnaces, basic oxygen furnaces, the power plant and the by-products utilization level have contributed mostly in reducing energy consumption. A major retrofit of ancillary process units and solving fuel substitution problem in the sinter plant and blast furnace are important for further energy saving. Besides the empirical results, this work also discussed that why and how hierarchical SDA can be applied in a process-level decomposition analysis of aggregated indicators.展开更多
With the development of embodied cognitive science,the embodiment of human high-level psychological processes such as language and emotions has been paid more and more attention.The importance of body and situation in...With the development of embodied cognitive science,the embodiment of human high-level psychological processes such as language and emotions has been paid more and more attention.The importance of body and situation in the understanding of emotional experience is the core content of the embodied emotion.This article aims to review the current hypotheses and empirical evidence of embodied emotions,explains the significance and value of embodied emotion research,and thinks about the research prospects and research ideas of embodied emotion.At the same time,as a new theoretical point of view,emotional embodied view provides a new perspective for emotional research.展开更多
The translation of brand names is a new branch in the field of translation along with the development of economy and trade between countries,which has its own characteristics.As the language and culture of English and...The translation of brand names is a new branch in the field of translation along with the development of economy and trade between countries,which has its own characteristics.As the language and culture of English and Chinese both differ from each other,this essay is explored to study the transliteration of brand names from English to Chinese so as to examine how meanings are embodied in the translation.展开更多
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2022ZD0114900).
文摘The release of the generative pre-trained transformer(GPT)series has brought artificial general intelligence(AGI)to the forefront of the artificial intelligence(AI)field once again.However,the questions of how to define and evaluate AGI remain unclear.This perspective article proposes that the evaluation of AGI should be rooted in dynamic embodied physical and social interactions(DEPSI).More specifically,we propose five critical characteristics to be considered as AGI benchmarks and suggest the Tong test as an AGI evaluation system.The Tong test describes a value-and ability-oriented testing system that delineates five levels of AGI milestones through a virtual environment with DEPSI,allowing for infinite task generation.We contrast the Tong test with classical AI testing systems in terms of various aspects and propose a systematic evaluation system to promote standardized,quantitative,and objective benchmarks and evaluation of AGI.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51825802,52130803,52278020,and 72374121)the China National Key Research and Development Program(2018YFE0106100)+1 种基金the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2022M711815)the New Cornerstone Science Foundation through the XPLORER PRIZE.
文摘The life-cycle assessment method,which originates from general products and services,has gradually come to be applied to investigations of the life-cycle carbon emissions(LCCE)of buildings.A literature review was conducted to clarify LCCE implications,calculations,and reductions in the context of buildings.A total of 826 global building carbon emission calculation cases were obtained from 161 studies based on the framework of the building life-cycle stage division stipulated by ISO 21930 and the basic principles of the emission factor(EF)approach.The carbon emission calculation methods and results are discussed herein,based on the modules of production,construction,use,end-of-life,and supplementary benefits.According to the hotspot distribution of a building’s carbon emissions,carbon reduction strategies are classified into six groups for technical content and benefits analysis,including reducing the activity data pertaining to building materials and energy,reducing the carbon EFs of the building materials and energy,and exploiting the advantages of supplementary benefits.The research gaps and challenges in current building LCCE studies are summarized in terms of research goals and ideas,calculation methods,basic parameters,and carbon reduction strategies;development suggestions are also proposed.
文摘Embodied cognition theories propose that language comprehension triggers a sensorimotor system in the brain.However,most previous research has paid much attention to concrete and factual sentences,and little emphasis has been put on the research of abstract and counterfactual sentences.The primary challenges for embodied theories lie in elucidating the meanings of abstract and counterfactual sentences.The most prevalent explanation is that abstract and counterfactual sentences are grounded in the activation of a sensorimotor system,in exactly the same way as concrete and factual ones.The present research employed a dual-task experimental paradigm to investigate whether the embodied meaning is activated in comprehending action-related abstract Chinese counterfactual sentences through the presence or absence of action-sentence compatibility effect(ACE).Participants were instructed to read and listen to the action-related abstract Chinese factual or counterfactual sentences describing an abstract transfer word towards or away from them,and then move their fingers towards or away from them to press the buttons in the same direction as the motion cue of the transfer verb.The action-sentence compatibility effect was observed in both abstract factual and counterfactual sentences,in line with the embodied cognition theories,which indicated that the embodied meanings were activated in both action-related abstract factuals and counterfactuals.
文摘A prestigious conference claimed recently a revolution in neuroscience to understand consciousness.In this paper it is shown that this revolution already came,revealing the determinant role of information for human and living structures,both for their structuration and behavior,explaining consciousness at human as the result of the activity of the Informational System of Human and Living Structures.For this,it is emphasized and discussed the informational structure of the eukaryotic cell,the basic/representative composing unit of the multicellular body of human,animals,and plants,showing that the composition and functions of the informational system are basically similar with that of human.To reveal the driving role of informational mechanisms in human and subhuman organisms,it is introduced the concept of matter-related information,showing that information can be hidden/“embodied”or released/“disembodied”in or from the elemental micro/macro components of the body,during the multiple chain/cascade interactions including transduction processes.It is shown that such interactions are initiated from two main categories of informational sources:implicit(genetic)and explicit(external/internal)sources,the first category leading to structuration of the body and the second the reactive behavior.Consciousness in human and subhuman organisms,expressed by two corresponding informational relations,is the result of the release of information by the mind,acting as an informational operator/device,the development degree of mind and consciousness depending on the complexity degree and adaptation.An analogy of this Informational Model of Human and Living Structures(IMHLS)with the ancient model of chakras is highlighted,showing that these models support each other,applied with beneficial effects in Reiki technique and music-based cognitive multi-task therapy for neuro-rehabilitation.
基金Project of Wenzhou Philosophy and Social Sciences Planning“Research on the Necessity and Breakthrough Path of the Integration of Life Education”(Project number:23WSK024YB)。
文摘In recent years,the suicide rate of adolescents has been increasing year by year,and life and health problems have become the most important in education.It is urgent to promote the construction of the curriculum of life education effectively.In view of the“vacuity”and“fragmented”state of traditional life education,this paper combs the teaching objectives,teaching contents,teaching methods,and teaching evaluation of life education from the perspective of embodied cognition theory,to explore the construction of positive experience of life education curriculum.
文摘Edutainment,in the kindergarten education stage,emphasizes the game as the basic activity and combines the content of education with the form of the game,thus it also forms the educational method of gamification teaching.Through investigation and analysis,it is found that the current kindergarten game activity design has the problem of improper combination of educational content and game form.The current kindergarten game activity design has problems such as stereotypes,children’s lack of active learning opportunities in activities,teachers’insufficient theoretical understanding,inappropriate teacher guidance methods,and so on.Embodied cognition theory attaches importance to the important role of the body in the development of cognition,provides new guidance for classroom teaching,and opens up a new path for classroom teaching reform.Based on the perspective of embodied cognition theory,the concept of body and mind integration should be adhered to in kindergarten teaching with games as the basic activity,experiential teaching situation should be created,children’s subjective experience should be respected,and games and interactions should be designed to promote children’s physical and mental participation,thus laying a foundation for the realization of children’s individual freedom,autonomy,and all-round development.Therefore,this paper aims at the existing problems in the current kindergarten gamification teaching and discusses the design strategy of children’s game activities based on embodied cognition theory.
文摘With the improvement of current online communication schemes,it is now possible to successfully distribute and transport secured digital Content via the communication channel at a faster transmission rate.Traditional steganography and cryptography concepts are used to achieve the goal of concealing secret Content on a media and encrypting it before transmission.Both of the techniques mentioned above aid in the confidentiality of feature content.The proposed approach concerns secret content embodiment in selected pixels on digital image layers such as Red,Green,and Blue.The private Content originated from a medical client and was forwarded to a medical practitioner on the server end through the internet.The K-Means clustering principle uses the contouring approach to frame the pixel clusters on the image layers.The content embodiment procedure is performed on the selected pixel groups of all layers of the image using the Least Significant Bit(LSB)substitution technique to build the secret Content embedded image known as the stego image,which is subsequently transmitted across the internet medium to the server end.The experimental results are computed using the inputs from“Open-Access Medical Image Repositories(aylward.org)”and demonstrate the scheme’s impudence as the Content concealing procedure progresses.
文摘Under the influence of European rationalism,which holds that human rationality is higher than,or at least independent of human sensory cognition,the first generation of cognitive science advocates for disembodied cognition,manifesting the concept of dualism of mind and body.With the development of cognitive science in the 1980s,the second generation of cognitive science redefines the relationship between mind and body,thought and behavior,and reason and feeling and puts forward the concept of embodied cognition,representing monism of mind and body.It is claimed that the formation of concepts,categorical cognition and the evolution of rational thinking are characterized by embodiment,which is the necessary condition and basis for the formation of human rationality.The current study traces the shift of cognitive science from dualism to monism of mind and body and explores the relationship between rationality and sensibility from the perspective of philosophical basis and interpretations,with an aim to achieve a better understanding and thorough interpretation of human rationality.In this heated discussion about embodied cognition,there are still some fundamental questions that need to be further clarified,such as the essence and mechanism of human cognition,the ways that human body participates in cognitive activities,especially imagination and reasoning.The research paradigm of embodied cognition and its relevant theory have not been established and developed yet,and empirical research from interdisciplinary perspectives is far from enough to provide hard evidence for embodied cognition.
文摘This article delves into the intricate relationship between cognitive science and embodied cognition, offering transformative philosophical insights with profound implications for our understanding of the mind-body connection. In response to the journal’s feedback, we have enhanced the abstract to provide a more comprehensive overview of our study. Background: We trace the historical evolution of ideas, from the inception of cognitive science rooted in analytic philosophy to the groundbreaking contributions of Rodney Brooks and others in the field of artificial intelligence. We also explore the work of scholars such as Agre, Chapman, and Dreyfus, shedding light on the role of cognitive metaphor and the concept of the cognitive unconscious in shaping our understanding of embodied cognition. Purpose: Our study aims to shed light on the central theme that unites these various strands of thought—the rejection of the traditional, transcendental view of the subject in favor of the concept of an embodied subject. This embodied subject actively engages with its environment, shaping consciousness and cognition. This shift in perspective challenges classical epistemological theories and opens new avenues for inquiry. Method: We have conducted a comprehensive literature review to explore the historical development and key concepts in the field of embodied cognition, with a particular focus on the philosophical underpinnings and their integration into cognitive science. Results: Our examination of embodied cognition reveals that the mind is intimately connected to the body, with cognition emerging through interactions with the environment and perceptual experiences. This perspective challenges reductionist notions and demonstrates that mental states cannot be reduced to brain states alone. We also explore the relationship between functionalism and computational states of the brain, illustrating that mental states can be understood in the context of mathematical functions. Conclusion: In conclusion, this paper highlights the profound implications of embodied cognition and suggests that the mind is not isolated from the body but intimately tied to it. This perspective provides a fresh approach to the mind-body problem, emphasizing the role of the environment and perceptual experiences in shaping cognition. We invite further research into the practical applications of embodied cognition in fields like artificial intelligence, robotics, and psychology, and encourage investigations into the intersections between cognitive science and various branches of philosophy, offering valuable insights into the nature of consciousness and cognition. In essence, this study provides a comprehensive overview of the evolution and implications of embodied cognition, laying the groundwork for further research and fostering a deeper appreciation of the profound shifts in perspective that this theory brings to our understanding of the human mind.
文摘As the international trading system has developed with the division of Global value Chains (GVCS), the export trade of Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa (BRICS) has grown rapidly. The resulting growth of carbon emissions has drawn wide attention from the international community, necessitating the comparison of the trade benefits and environmental costs of the BRICS participation in GVCS. Based on the Eora database, this paper constructs a decomposition framework for the calculation of export value-added and embodied carbon, based on a multi-region input-output (MRIO) model. The trade benefits and environmental costs paid by the BRICS’ total exports from 1990 to 2015 were measured and the imbalance was analyzed, along with the causes. The results show that the main value-added and carbon embodied in the BRICS’ exports originate from their own countries, and the domestic value-added content of the BRICS’ exports decreased while the foreign value-added content increased.
文摘Highlights In this article,we contend that the bedrock of an equitable world lies in the profound recognition of love as the fundamental force permeating the cosmos.We believe that love is built into the essence of who we are.We posit that genuine progress toward an equitable world is elusive unless we place love,both for one another and for the natural world,at the core of our educational endeavors.
文摘Embodied Language Comprehension Theory claims that language is grounded in bodily activity and meaning is grounded in sensory motor system in modality.This study aims to examine whether EFL(English as a Foreign Language)learners triggered Action-Sentence Compatibility Effect(ACE)during sentence comprehension.The English sentences including concrete and abstract verbs are taken as stimuli.Reaction time and accuracy rate of the participants were collected as the experimental data.Two groups of students with different English proficiencies participated in the study.The results indicate that(1)While processing concrete-verb sentences,both groups triggered ACE.(2)There is no significant ACE in processing abstract-verb sentences.(3)High proficiency group responded faster with a higher accuracy.(4)It is difficult for EFL learners to process abstract actions.To conclude,the present study shows that mental simulation is activated while EFL learners with certain language proficiency are processing sentences.In foreign language comprehension,mental simulation would be facilitated with higher language proficiency.
文摘The Dubliners is a famous novel by the eminent Irish novelist James Joyce.This book collection begins with new-born life and ends with death.The unity of form and content symbolizes the life process of a human being-from birth to death,there fore we can say that Dubliners is the image of a human being.In this collection,Joyce employs several kinds of symbolic method and symbols play a very important role in the implied meanings of these short stories.
文摘Metaphorarises from correlations in experience or from similarities between experiential domains,and is closely relatedwith bodily experience.Metaphor variation partially results from constraining effects of the differential cognitive styles of individualspeakers and groups,as well as context.Context is an important factor in regarding metaphor universality and variation.
文摘The main values and believes of the Americansare:a.freedom(or individualism),the price paidfor it is self-reliance;b.equality of opportunity,the price paid for itis competition;c.inaterial wealth,the price paid for it is hardwork.These can be called the“theme”of life.Thesethemes cover different fields such as religion,family,life,education,business and politics.The followingare all embodied in American culture:
基金Project(2012GK2025)supported by Science-Technology Plan Foundation of Hunan Province,ChinaProject(2013zzts039)supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for Central South University,China
文摘A hierarchical structural decomposition analysis(SDA) model has been developed based on process-level input-output(I-O) tables to analyze the drivers of energy consumption changes in an integrated steel plant during 2011-2013. By combining the principle of hierarchical decomposition into D&L method, a hierarchical decomposition model for multilevel SDA is obtained. The developed hierarchical IO-SDA model would provide consistent results and need less computation effort compared with the traditional SDA model. The decomposition results of the steel plant suggest that the technology improvement and reduced steel final demand are two major reasons for declined total energy consumption. The technical improvements of blast furnaces, basic oxygen furnaces, the power plant and the by-products utilization level have contributed mostly in reducing energy consumption. A major retrofit of ancillary process units and solving fuel substitution problem in the sinter plant and blast furnace are important for further energy saving. Besides the empirical results, this work also discussed that why and how hierarchical SDA can be applied in a process-level decomposition analysis of aggregated indicators.
文摘With the development of embodied cognitive science,the embodiment of human high-level psychological processes such as language and emotions has been paid more and more attention.The importance of body and situation in the understanding of emotional experience is the core content of the embodied emotion.This article aims to review the current hypotheses and empirical evidence of embodied emotions,explains the significance and value of embodied emotion research,and thinks about the research prospects and research ideas of embodied emotion.At the same time,as a new theoretical point of view,emotional embodied view provides a new perspective for emotional research.
文摘The translation of brand names is a new branch in the field of translation along with the development of economy and trade between countries,which has its own characteristics.As the language and culture of English and Chinese both differ from each other,this essay is explored to study the transliteration of brand names from English to Chinese so as to examine how meanings are embodied in the translation.