In this study, a protocol was developed to identify the sex of earlier embryos of chicken （♂）-quail （♀） hybrids and successfully tested the sex proportion of each period （66-120 h）. We acquired cross bred eggs...In this study, a protocol was developed to identify the sex of earlier embryos of chicken （♂）-quail （♀） hybrids and successfully tested the sex proportion of each period （66-120 h）. We acquired cross bred eggs by artificial insemination, hatched them in the same batch according to the standard hatching condition of chicken, and collected earlier living embryos at 66, 72, 78, 84, 90, 96, 102, 108, 114, and 120 h randomly. We adopted RT-PCR protocol and multiple PCR, made the known sex quail as the external control, employed fl-actin as the internal control, and used primers that were designed according to conservative area of gene Wpkci of quail to identify the sex of earlier hybrid embryos. The results indicated that the primer of Wpkci can be used to identify the sex of hybrid embryos accurately; there were more male than female in earlier embryos, the sex proportion of earlier embryos compared with academic numerical value was significantly different （P〈0.01）, and there was no difference between different periods （P〉0.05）. In the present study, we concluded that a simple, fast, credible and stable protocol to identify the sex of earlier hybrids embryos had been established by using primer of Wpkci; in earlier embryos, the death rate of female was higher than that of male and there was no fluctuant peak.展开更多
Principle, research, and problems of techniques for sex identification of early embryo of livestock were discussed in detail from aspects of main ways for sex control, main methods for sex identification of early embr...Principle, research, and problems of techniques for sex identification of early embryo of livestock were discussed in detail from aspects of main ways for sex control, main methods for sex identification of early embryo, and application of sex identification in livestock production. And development prospects were expected.展开更多
The use of an internal control in a multiplex-PCR assay for sex determination of In Vitro-produced bovine embryos was evaluated in biopsies of groups of 54 fresh and 44 frozen embryos. The internal controls used were ...The use of an internal control in a multiplex-PCR assay for sex determination of In Vitro-produced bovine embryos was evaluated in biopsies of groups of 54 fresh and 44 frozen embryos. The internal controls used were the primers BOV 1 and BOV 2, which amplify a product with 626 base pairs (bp) of bovine mitochondrial DNA ND5 gene. The primers BRY.4aF and BRY.4aR were used for bovine Y chromosome sequence amplification. The specificity of multiplex- PCR reactions realized in biopsies corresponding to about 20% of each fresh embryo (10 male and 10 female) by means of confirming the sexing in the remaining embryo content (~80%) presented 100% specificity. Amplicons of the internal control and Y chromosome were both amplified until dilution corresponding to 6.25% of total extracted DNA from a male embryo. Sex determination was possible in 53 (98.1%) fresh embryos and 40 (90.9%) frozen embryos. The products related to the Y chromosome and mitochondrial DNA were simultaneously amplified in 34 (63%) fresh embryos and 27 (61.4%) frozen embryos, showing a male embryo. The female sex, distinguished by internal control amplification only, was detected in 19 (35.2%) and 13 (29.5%) biopsies, respectively, of fresh and frozen embryos. In one (1.8%) and four (9.1%) biopsies of fresh and frozen embryos, respectively, neither product was amplified, most likely due to the absence of embryonic cells or the presence of embryonic cells going through apoptosis. The multiplex-PCR assay developed in this work showed avoided the limitation of a lack of an internal standard, and was also sensitive, specific, and efficient in reaction failure identification. This technique shows great potential for use on a commercial scale in routine sex determination of In Vitro-produced embryos.展开更多
文摘In this study, a protocol was developed to identify the sex of earlier embryos of chicken （♂）-quail （♀） hybrids and successfully tested the sex proportion of each period （66-120 h）. We acquired cross bred eggs by artificial insemination, hatched them in the same batch according to the standard hatching condition of chicken, and collected earlier living embryos at 66, 72, 78, 84, 90, 96, 102, 108, 114, and 120 h randomly. We adopted RT-PCR protocol and multiple PCR, made the known sex quail as the external control, employed fl-actin as the internal control, and used primers that were designed according to conservative area of gene Wpkci of quail to identify the sex of earlier hybrid embryos. The results indicated that the primer of Wpkci can be used to identify the sex of hybrid embryos accurately; there were more male than female in earlier embryos, the sex proportion of earlier embryos compared with academic numerical value was significantly different （P〈0.01）, and there was no difference between different periods （P〉0.05）. In the present study, we concluded that a simple, fast, credible and stable protocol to identify the sex of earlier hybrids embryos had been established by using primer of Wpkci; in earlier embryos, the death rate of female was higher than that of male and there was no fluctuant peak.
文摘Principle, research, and problems of techniques for sex identification of early embryo of livestock were discussed in detail from aspects of main ways for sex control, main methods for sex identification of early embryo, and application of sex identification in livestock production. And development prospects were expected.
文摘The use of an internal control in a multiplex-PCR assay for sex determination of In Vitro-produced bovine embryos was evaluated in biopsies of groups of 54 fresh and 44 frozen embryos. The internal controls used were the primers BOV 1 and BOV 2, which amplify a product with 626 base pairs (bp) of bovine mitochondrial DNA ND5 gene. The primers BRY.4aF and BRY.4aR were used for bovine Y chromosome sequence amplification. The specificity of multiplex- PCR reactions realized in biopsies corresponding to about 20% of each fresh embryo (10 male and 10 female) by means of confirming the sexing in the remaining embryo content (~80%) presented 100% specificity. Amplicons of the internal control and Y chromosome were both amplified until dilution corresponding to 6.25% of total extracted DNA from a male embryo. Sex determination was possible in 53 (98.1%) fresh embryos and 40 (90.9%) frozen embryos. The products related to the Y chromosome and mitochondrial DNA were simultaneously amplified in 34 (63%) fresh embryos and 27 (61.4%) frozen embryos, showing a male embryo. The female sex, distinguished by internal control amplification only, was detected in 19 (35.2%) and 13 (29.5%) biopsies, respectively, of fresh and frozen embryos. In one (1.8%) and four (9.1%) biopsies of fresh and frozen embryos, respectively, neither product was amplified, most likely due to the absence of embryonic cells or the presence of embryonic cells going through apoptosis. The multiplex-PCR assay developed in this work showed avoided the limitation of a lack of an internal standard, and was also sensitive, specific, and efficient in reaction failure identification. This technique shows great potential for use on a commercial scale in routine sex determination of In Vitro-produced embryos.
