Resilience assessment and optimization method of city road network in the post-earthquake emergency period

The post-earthquake emergency period,which is a sensitive time segment just after an event,mainly focuses on saving life and restoring social order.To improve the seismic resilience of city road networks,a resilience evaluation method used in the post-earthquake emergency period is proposed.The road seismic damage index of a city road network can consider the influence of roads,bridges and buildings along the roads,etc.on road capacity after an earthquake.A function index for a city road network is developed,which reflects the connectivity,redundancy,traffic demand and traffic function of the network.An optimization model for improving the road repair order in the post-earthquake emergency period is also developed according to the resilience evaluation,to enable decision support for city emergency management and achieve the best seismic resilience of the city road network.The optimization model is applied to a city road network and the results illustrate the feasibility of the resilience evaluation and optimization method for a city road network in the post-earthquake emergency period.

Seismic vulnerability assessment of urban buildings and traffic networks using fuzzy ordered weighted average

Urban buildings and urban traffic network are considered as the vital arteries of cities which have particular effects especially after the crisis in the search and rescue operations. The aim of this study is to determine the vulnerability of urban areas especially, buildings and traffic networks using multicriteria geographic information systems and decisionmaking methods. As there are many effective criteria on the seismic vulnerability that they have uncertain and vague properties, the method of this paper is applying fuzzy ordered weighted average(OWA) to model the seismic vulnerability of urban buildings and traffic networks in the most optimistic and pessimistic states. The study area is district 6 of Tehran that is affected by the four major faults, and thus will be threatened by the earthquakes. The achieved results illustrated the vulnerability with different degrees of risk levels including very high, high, medium, low and very low. The results show that in the most optimistic case 14% and in the pessimistic case 1% of buildings tolerate in very low vulnerability. The vulnerability of urban street network also indicates that in the optimistic case 12% and in the pessimistic case at most 9% of the area are in appropriate condition and the North and NorthEast of the study area are more vulnerable than South of it.

Study on Optimization of Earthquake Emergency Traffic Scheduling Based on The Lifting of Cyberspace

How to improve the rescue efficiency of the network after the earthquake is the key content of emergency management decision-making, improve the efficiency of emergency rescue, and reduce the impact of emergency rescue to the non victims. Using cyberspace of lifeline network traffic and emergency transportation problem, considering the network restoration problem of disaster area, earthquake emergency supplies distribution model is established. In the model, to consider the need to repair the damaged sections and the existing emergency rescue generated traffic volume of emergency rescue network effects. And design heuristic algorithm for solving the model. Finally the example shows that in emergency rescue, emergency rescue of critical damage repair the road and traffic control of the whole lifeline network rescue efficiency highest, with the average nuisance greatly reduce, the lifeline network connectivity reliability.

Key technologies of earthquake early warning system for China’s high-speed railway

Purpose–The purpose of this study is to introduce the top-level design ideas and the overall architecture of earthquake early-warning system for high speed railways in China,which is based on P-wave earthquake early-warning and multiple ways of rapid treatment.Design/methodology/approach–The paper describes the key technologies that are involved in the development of the system,such as P-wave identification and earthquake early-warning,multi-source seismic information fusion and earthquake emergency treatment technologies.The paper also presents the test results of the system,which show that it has complete functions and its major performance indicators meet the design requirements.Findings–The study demonstrates that the high speed railways earthquake early-warning system serves as an important technical tool for high speed railways to cope with the threat of earthquake to the operation safety.The key technical indicators of the system have excellent performance:The first report time of the P-wave is less than three seconds.From the first arrival of P-wave to the beginning of train braking,the total delay of onboard emergency treatment is 3.63 seconds under 95%probability.The average total delay for power failures triggered by substations is 3.3 seconds.Originality/value–The paper provides a valuable reference for the research and development of earthquake early-warning system for high speed railways in other countries and regions.It also contributes to the earthquake prevention and disaster reduction efforts.

A Robust Emergency Messages Routing Scheme for Urban VANETs

Vehicular ad-hoc networks(VANETs)play an essential role in enhancing transport infrastructure by making vehicles intelligent and proficient in preventing traffic fatalities.Direction-based greedy protocols pick the next route vehicle for transmitting emergency messages(EMs)depending upon the present location of adjacent vehicles towards sink vehicles by using an optimal uni-directional road traffic approach.Nevertheless,such protocols suffer performance degradation by ignoring the moving directions of vehicles in bi-directional road traffic where topological changes happen continuously.Due to the high number of vehicles,it is essential to broadcast EMs to all vehicles to prevent traffic delays and collisions.A cluster-based EM transmitting technique is proposed in this paper.For urban VANETs,this paper pioneers the clustering of bi-directional road traffic for robust and efficient routing of EMs.In this regard,this paper introduces a routing protocol,namely,the bi-directional urban routing protocol(BURP).In addition to the paths and relative locations of vehicles,BURP takes account of the distance parameter by using the Hamming distance function to determine the direction ofmotion of vehicles and communicates EMs through the cluster head(CH).Amodified k-medoids algorithm is presented for the clustering of bi-directional road traffic.A median method is presented for selecting CH to ensure the longrunning of a cluster.Simulation results show that BURP provides enhanced throughput,a maximized packet delivery ratio,low energy consumption,and network delay relative to eminent routing protocols.

应急情境下管制员情境意识可靠性研究

为提升管制员的应急处置能力,从管制员的个人能力、管制任务特点和管制设备3个方面构建管制员情境意识(SA)可靠性模型;利用塔台管制模拟软件和SA全面评价技术(SAGAT)测量管制员在应急情境下的SA水平;基于贝叶斯网络(BN)对SA可靠性进行定量分析,进而预测管制员的SA水平,并基于贝叶斯推理分析影响管制员SA可靠性的关键因素。研究结果表明:应急情境下,管制员SA可靠性和SA水平显著正相关,可通过管制员的SA可靠性预测SA水平;通过BN推理分析发现,对管制员的SA可靠性影响程度和敏感程度较高的因素为调配飞机可用时间、管制设备的精准度和管制员的记忆力;对管制员SA可靠性影响最大的致因链为调配飞机可用时间→任务特点→SA可靠性。

考虑地震动空间变化的区域公路网连通可靠性研究

区域公路网是社会交通大动脉和地震灾害救援生命线,连通可靠性反映了地震灾害发生后公路网的通行能力,地震动受震源位置及震中距的影响而具有显著的空间变化,对公路网的震后破坏状态具有重要影响。以邯郸地区公路网为研究对象,通过设定震源位置与震级,研究地震动空间变化影响下的区域公路网连通可靠性。首先,设定邯郸市1830年磁县大地震及一个虚拟地震为地震情景,分别设置震级为M6.0、6.5、7.0和7.5,基于地震动衰减关系表达地震动空间变化,得到公路单元对应的PGA。然后,结合地震易损性模型分析公路单元震后通行概率。最后,针对区域公路网空间范围大的典型特征,优化城市道路所用的最大可能状态算法,对邯郸地区公路网进行连通可靠性评估。结果表明,区域尺度下公路网络单元和节点数量多、空间展布复杂,其抗震连通可靠性与既有公路分布、区域城市位置等因素密切相关,地震动空间变化显著影响公路单元的震后破坏状态和通行概率,研究成果可为区域尺度公路网地震灾害评估及抗震韧性研究提供参考。

融合交通态势修正的台风灾害后多维度智能调拨策略

针对台风灾害后交通信息不确定、调拨策略考虑维度不足等问题,提出融合交通态势修正的台风灾害后多维度智能调拨策略。采用历史交通态势数据拟合道路通行时间概率分布,并基于拉丁超立方采样对交通态势进行随机抽样,以计算更准确的道路通行时间。考虑交通、电网、用户等多维度,以抢修队伍、抢修物资、应急发电车等作为调拨主体进行台风灾害后抢修调拨,提出考虑调拨距离、恢复时间、失负荷量最优的多维智能调拨策略,利用模糊隶属度函数求取帕累托前沿最优调拨方案。根据2018年台风“山竹”下的珠海市数据验证调拨策略的有效性。算例结果表明所提多维度智能调拨策略能有效缩短台风灾害后恢复进程,提升电网防灾减灾能力。

多情景震后城市应急医疗救援网络结构特征研究

城市应急医疗服务设施系统在震时发挥重要的医疗救援作用,是驱动城市防灾韧性的重要因素。为了保障强震后的城市应急医疗救援,强化网络关键节点、优化网络空间布局。基于建筑物、应急医疗设施和道路网络等城市系统的模拟仿真,构建不同地震灾害强度下城市应急医疗救援的供需场景。该文采用复杂网络技术构建城市应急医疗救援网络模型,分析多情景震后网络社团结构与特征参数。以某城市应急医疗服务设施系统为例进行实例分析,表征多情景地震灾害对应急医疗救援网络结构的具体影响,为优化城市应急医疗救援网络的结构鲁棒性和网络抗毁性提供决策支撑。

天津市地震局应急视频会议系统组网研究

为全面提升地震应急指挥能力和协同应急通讯效率,天津市地震局应急指挥大厅基于跨网段多层级视频融合技术完善天津市地震应急视频指挥调度网络,构建“平战结合”双模式。通过探究跨网段通讯、多层级音视频信号转发、多点控制单元(MCU)级联等技术,实现天津局与中国局、市政府、市应急管理局以及辖区内各应急视频节点互连互通,为天津市地震应急快速响应提供高效的通信保障。

考虑动态交通网络的区域电-气互联系统灾后故障抢修策略

为了减弱极端事件对综合能源系统的影响,尽早恢复各类负荷,提高系统弹性。文中提出了一种考虑交通网与配电网级别的区域电-气互联系统(Interconnection Electric and Gas System, IEGS)协同运行的灾后故障抢修策略。首先,通过元胞传输模型建立了考虑系统实时恢复指标修正的交通流量分配模型,对交通网的交通流量进行预测;其次,在故障预分配的前提下建立了区域IEGS的故障恢复模型,协调优化维修队、分布式电源、配电网网架等资源,减少停电损失;然后以维修队的最小通行时间矩阵以及由系统实时恢复指标得到的交通网道路修正参数作为传递变量,在维修队开始移动的时间点,重新计算后续的修复计划以及交通网的运行情况,进行多时间断面优化;最后,通过算例仿真进行对比,验证了所提策略的有效性,并分析移动储能装置对故障恢复的影响。

面向突发应急事件的定制公交线网优化研究

为保障突发应急事件下乘客的出行效率与安全,研究一类全新的面向突发应急事件的定制公交线网优化问题,旨在降低乘客出行时间、提高救援效率。首先引入风险系数概念,以描述不同乘客受突发应急事件的影响程度。其次,以所有乘客的出行时间最小化为目标,考虑需求点优先级、车辆容量、车辆到达时间等约束,构建一个混合整数非线性规划模型。同时针对模型特点,设计基于应急服务特点的破坏算子,改进自适应大邻域搜索算法,通过大量仿真算例验证模型与算法的可行性。实验结果表明:求解大规模算例时,改进算法相较于文献中的遗传算法,获取最优解的能力更强,平均节约出行时间1.38%。最后,将常规情境与突发应急事件下的优化方案进行对比,在相同出行需求下,应急定制公交线网优化的总运行时长比常规情况增加9.624 min;高风险需求点接受服务的时间相较于常规情况降低4.5%。与常规情况相比,该模型得到的线网优化方案更能实现乘客安全高效的转移,可为城市应急救援方案提供参考。

震后灾区应急通信系统搭建的关键技术

大地震发生后通常会导致通信设施损坏,地面通信不畅甚至中断,给救灾工作的开展带来很大困难,因此需要建立可靠的现场应急通信网络。针对传统应急通信车通信手段单一、工作队协同通信难、灾区回传画面效果不佳等问题,研究了可以快速部署、运行稳定的应急通信方案,具体包括现场多种通信方式的融合、“最后一公里”通信能力的提升等。其中,现场通信融合调度中,测试了多种通信手段的通话效果,并能自由切换现场不同运营商网络,以满足现场通信需求;“最后一公里”通信能力提升中将无人机获取的画面作为一路信号接入到视频会议中,实现了同指挥中心之间图像、声音的实时传输。该方案能实现极端环境下的通信网络畅通,其中短波通信距离可达400 km;灾情获取方式能适应多种通信网络,传输帧率大于30 frame/s,画面清晰流畅。

城市轨道交通运营突发事件风险动态演化模型

为了分析城市轨道交通运营突发事件的动态演化特征,探究影响城市轨道交通正常运营的风险致因,研究了城市轨道交通运营突发事件风险动态演化模型。采用bow-tie模型将运营突发事件的风险致因、预估时间裕度和事件严重程度有机组合,构建了风险动态模态,能够反映不同时刻城市轨道交通系统运营的风险状态。基于复杂网络模型,引入连边权重和结构洞理论改进节点的度分布,提出风险动态演化模型,表征风险动态模态及其演化过程。依托北京市轨道交通运营突发事件数据,探究运营突发事件的演化规律和重要风险致因。结果表明:北京市城市轨道交通运营突发事件网络的风险动态演化模型属于无标度网络,19.90%的风险动态模态承担了整个系统77.76%的动态演化过程;风险动态演化模型具有鲁棒且脆弱性,“较严重”“严重”模态对应的风险致因分别为“列车兑现率”“正点率”,这些风险致因给系统的动态演化造成了严重后果。因此,需要重点关注可能带来严重后果的风险致因,并根据系统的动态演化特征开展精准化的风险防控与韧性提升工作。

Impact of earthquake-induced bridge damage and time evolving traffic demand on the road network resilience

Damage from recent earthquakes has shown that substandard bridges are particularly vulnerable to strong ground motions being the weakest components of a road network.Structural and foundation damages in bridges lead to a significant loss related to both repair process and a prolonged traffic disruption, which in turn results in large indirect loss in the affected area. Along these lines, the estimation of the overall loss related to earthquake-induced damage in highway bridges and overpasses must be based on a wider network analysis rather than on a single structural assessment. Key concept in such a comprehensive loss estimation procedure is the network resilience, expressing the extent of both direct and indirect loss, as well as the system's ability to quickly recover its preearthquake state. In this paper, a recently developed framework for assessing the loss and resilience associated with seismic impact on the structural and geotechnical components of a road network, as well as the relevant software developed are extended to further consider the implications of post-earthquake traffic demand variation. Moreover, a sensitivity analysis is conducted for a case study network to investigate the impact of traffic demand variation after a major earthquake event and the subsequent trip cancelations on the time-variant, cumulative cost at a network level. The results clearly highlight that not only the seismic resilience of a highway network should be assessed in a holistic manner coupling seismic hazard, structural and traffic analysis, but the latter shall include realistic scenarios with respect to the potential variation of origin-destination demand after the earthquake and during the recovery period.

地震预警数据流监控与分析

为实现地震预警网络环境实时监控与分析,明确各业务系统之间的数据流向和范围,根据地震预警系统业务分区梳理关键业务、网段和终端,并通过数据流分析实现地震预警系统网络流量监控。通过数据包采集与解码技术,实现对主要业务系统关键指标的监控,从而对地震预警系统的网络访问性能、系统服务性能、应用响应性能等关键指标进行综合监控与分析,实现以业务为核心的网络环境监控与支撑。

暴雨内涝下公交应急方案评价方法

为甄选出不同暴雨内涝情景下的最优公交应急方案,提出一种公交应急方案评价方法。提出不与地铁联动和与地铁联动两种公交应急路径设计思路。以公交出行成本最低为目标,搜索最优公交应急路径。构建公交线网的连通效率、运行效率和应急效率3个评价指标对公交应急方案进行评价。结果表明,不与地铁联动时宜启动临时公交接驳线路,与地铁联动时宜采用原线接驳的方式。假设3种暴雨内涝情景,从情景1到情景3暴雨内涝程度逐步加剧。与原公交线网相比,各公交应急方案的运行效率降幅较小且接近;不与地铁联动和与地铁联动时情景1下的应急效率最高。

山西地震应急视频会议系统发展历程

山西地震应急视频会议系统建成近15年,覆盖全省11个市级地震部门和全部地震监测中心站,在地震应急、地震演练和召开各类会议中得到广泛应用。从2007年至今,该系统的发展经历初始阶段、规范发展阶段、成熟完善阶段和云视频阶段。本文主要阐述该系统的节点建设、组网模式、运行情况等在不同阶段的发展历程,通过分析与总结得出如何用好视频会议系统,为防震减灾工作提供服务。

多种动力类型道路运输装备的区域优化配置方法

鉴于交通运输行业在国民经济中的核心地位,确保运输效能的高效与适应性至关重要。为此,深入探讨了新能源车辆在各类场景下的应用适宜性,特别针对其在特殊条件下的应急保障作用进行了详细分析,提出了“宜氢则氢、宜电则电”的多元化动力源匹配策略。为了实现这一策略,基于BP神经网络构建了优化车辆配置模型,旨在实现应急保障运力与区域内车辆需求的最优匹配。这一方法不仅考虑了车辆的动力源选择,还融入了区域特点、经济发展水平和环境条件等多维度因素,从而形成了一套科学、合理的多动力源营运车辆区域适宜性配置方案。

考虑交通网延误的配电网灾后滚动抢修策略优化

为解决当前配电网灾后抢修策略制定时,未充分考虑道路阻断和交通延误影响抢修进程的问题,提出了考虑交通网延误的配电网灾后滚动抢修策略。首先,建立了计及交通网延误的灾后滚动抢修策略框架,以道路延误函数与路口延误函数建立实时交通网延误模型,通过Floyd算法得到各故障点间最短通行时间矩阵。其次,建立考虑交通网延误的灾后抢修策略双层优化模型,外层以加权失电负荷最小和抢修总时长最短为目标,得到各抢修班组抢修链。内层以最大化恢复失电负荷为目标,得到紧急恢复方案。在抢修过程中根据交通网信息更新最短通行时间矩阵,滚动后续抢修策略。最后,通过算例仿真验证灾后滚动抢修策略的有效性。