Aim: This study aims to elucidate decision-making characteristics based on interviews with family members with experience in having to select treatments for older adult patients who have been hospitalized following em...Aim: This study aims to elucidate decision-making characteristics based on interviews with family members with experience in having to select treatments for older adult patients who have been hospitalized following emergency transport to the hospital. Design: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 10 individuals with experience in surrogate decision-making for an older adult family member. Methods: The recorded interview data were transcribed verbatim, divided into minimum semantic units, and coded. Next, categories and subcategories were abstracted. A comparison was made with the conceptual constructs of a previous study that examined decision-making by families in a life-threatening crisis. Results: Four categories were extracted from 489 antecedents, 370 attributes, and 388 consequences. One new category was abstracted for each of: 1) antecedents: observing abnormalities and responding, while being worried about death;2) attributes: deliberating on the patient prognosis, the relationship with the patient, and what they believe the patient would want;and 3) consequences: continuing support during convalescence. It is desirable to provide support based on the characteristics of families of older adults, including considering the psychological burden on the families who make surrogate decisions, and also the burden of subsequent caregiving because it is not and in the present environment has not been common for patients to express their wishes beforehand.展开更多
Background： In Japan, the demand for emergency transportation for people with heat-related illness has recently increased. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between incidents of heat-relat...Background： In Japan, the demand for emergency transportation for people with heat-related illness has recently increased. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between incidents of heat-related illness and the daily maximum temperature. Methods： The daily maximum temperatures in Japan＇s 11 districts over the past 10 years were classified into four categories, with cutoff points at the 50th, 75th, 95th, and higher than 95th percentiles. We then conducted a logistic regression analysis of einergency transportation demand in each temperature category by age group, using the 50th percentile as tile reference category for each area. Results： There were 42,931 cases of emelgency transportation due to heat-related diseases during the study period. Classified by age. 12.5%, 43.4%, and 44.1% of cases involved children, adults, and elderly people, respectively. The analysis showed that the number of cases of emergency transportation for people with heat-related diseases （per 100,000 people; corresponding to a 1.0~C increase in the daily maximum temperature） was 0.016-0.106 among children （24.9-169.9 children required emergency transportation for heat-related diseases）, from 0.013 to 0.059 among adults （19.8 98.2 adults required emergency transportation）, and from 0.045 to 0.159 among elderly persons （30.0 145.4 elderly people required emergency transportation）. The risk was highest for elderly persons, followed by children and finally adults. Cases of emergency transportation due to heat-related illness increased by 2.4-8.9 times when the daily maximum temperature was approximately 1.5℃ above the mean daily maximum temperature. In fact, the daily maximum temperature had a larger effect than the daily relative humidity level oil emergency transportation for people with heat-related diseases. Conclusion： Public health organizations and health-care services should support elderly people and children, two high-risk groups for heat-related diseases.展开更多
The incorporation of disruptive innovations into the transportation industry will inevitably cause major upheavals in the transportation sector.However,existing research lacks systematic theories and methodologies to ...The incorporation of disruptive innovations into the transportation industry will inevitably cause major upheavals in the transportation sector.However,existing research lacks systematic theories and methodologies to represent the underlying characteristics of future urban transport systems.Furthermore,emerging modes in urban mobility have not been sufficiently studied.The National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)officially approved the Basic Science Center project titled“Future Urban Transport Management”in 2022.The project members include leading scientists and engineers from Beijing Jiaotong University,Beihang University,and Beijing Transport Institute.Based on a wide range of previous projects by the consortium on urban mobility and sustainable cities,this project will encompass transdisciplinary and interdisciplinary research to explore critical issues affecting future urban traffic management.It aims to develop fundamental theories and methods based on social and technological developments in the near future and explores innovative solutions to implement alongside these emerging developments in urban mobility.展开更多
Internet of Things（IoT）is a new paradigm that the ubiquitous smart objects,such as devices,vehicles,buildings,etc.,interact and exchange data through emerging wireless technology with the intention of improving peo...Internet of Things（IoT）is a new paradigm that the ubiquitous smart objects,such as devices,vehicles,buildings,etc.,interact and exchange data through emerging wireless technology with the intention of improving people’s quality of lives in variety areas,such as transportation,manufacturing industry,health care industry,etc：Besides benefits,展开更多
文摘Aim: This study aims to elucidate decision-making characteristics based on interviews with family members with experience in having to select treatments for older adult patients who have been hospitalized following emergency transport to the hospital. Design: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 10 individuals with experience in surrogate decision-making for an older adult family member. Methods: The recorded interview data were transcribed verbatim, divided into minimum semantic units, and coded. Next, categories and subcategories were abstracted. A comparison was made with the conceptual constructs of a previous study that examined decision-making by families in a life-threatening crisis. Results: Four categories were extracted from 489 antecedents, 370 attributes, and 388 consequences. One new category was abstracted for each of: 1) antecedents: observing abnormalities and responding, while being worried about death;2) attributes: deliberating on the patient prognosis, the relationship with the patient, and what they believe the patient would want;and 3) consequences: continuing support during convalescence. It is desirable to provide support based on the characteristics of families of older adults, including considering the psychological burden on the families who make surrogate decisions, and also the burden of subsequent caregiving because it is not and in the present environment has not been common for patients to express their wishes beforehand.
文摘Background： In Japan, the demand for emergency transportation for people with heat-related illness has recently increased. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between incidents of heat-related illness and the daily maximum temperature. Methods： The daily maximum temperatures in Japan＇s 11 districts over the past 10 years were classified into four categories, with cutoff points at the 50th, 75th, 95th, and higher than 95th percentiles. We then conducted a logistic regression analysis of einergency transportation demand in each temperature category by age group, using the 50th percentile as tile reference category for each area. Results： There were 42,931 cases of emelgency transportation due to heat-related diseases during the study period. Classified by age. 12.5%, 43.4%, and 44.1% of cases involved children, adults, and elderly people, respectively. The analysis showed that the number of cases of emergency transportation for people with heat-related diseases （per 100,000 people; corresponding to a 1.0~C increase in the daily maximum temperature） was 0.016-0.106 among children （24.9-169.9 children required emergency transportation for heat-related diseases）, from 0.013 to 0.059 among adults （19.8 98.2 adults required emergency transportation）, and from 0.045 to 0.159 among elderly persons （30.0 145.4 elderly people required emergency transportation）. The risk was highest for elderly persons, followed by children and finally adults. Cases of emergency transportation due to heat-related illness increased by 2.4-8.9 times when the daily maximum temperature was approximately 1.5℃ above the mean daily maximum temperature. In fact, the daily maximum temperature had a larger effect than the daily relative humidity level oil emergency transportation for people with heat-related diseases. Conclusion： Public health organizations and health-care services should support elderly people and children, two high-risk groups for heat-related diseases.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.72288101).
文摘The incorporation of disruptive innovations into the transportation industry will inevitably cause major upheavals in the transportation sector.However,existing research lacks systematic theories and methodologies to represent the underlying characteristics of future urban transport systems.Furthermore,emerging modes in urban mobility have not been sufficiently studied.The National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)officially approved the Basic Science Center project titled“Future Urban Transport Management”in 2022.The project members include leading scientists and engineers from Beijing Jiaotong University,Beihang University,and Beijing Transport Institute.Based on a wide range of previous projects by the consortium on urban mobility and sustainable cities,this project will encompass transdisciplinary and interdisciplinary research to explore critical issues affecting future urban traffic management.It aims to develop fundamental theories and methods based on social and technological developments in the near future and explores innovative solutions to implement alongside these emerging developments in urban mobility.
文摘Internet of Things（IoT）is a new paradigm that the ubiquitous smart objects,such as devices,vehicles,buildings,etc.,interact and exchange data through emerging wireless technology with the intention of improving people’s quality of lives in variety areas,such as transportation,manufacturing industry,health care industry,etc：Besides benefits,
