Purpose:Following the typical features of the grey-rhino event as predictability and profound influence,we attempt to find a special pattern called the grey-rhino in eminent technologies via patent analysis.Design/met...Purpose:Following the typical features of the grey-rhino event as predictability and profound influence,we attempt to find a special pattern called the grey-rhino in eminent technologies via patent analysis.Design/methodology/approach:We propose to combine triadic patent families and technology life cycle to define the grey-rhino model.Firstly,we design the indicator rhino-index Rh=ST/SP and descriptor sequence{Rh},where ST and SP are the accumulative number of triadic patent families and all patent families respectively for a specific technology.Secondly,according to the two typical features of the grey-rhino event,a grey-rhino is defined as a technology that meets both qualitative and quantitative conditions.Qualitatively,this technology has a profound influence.Quantitatively,in the emerging stage,Rh≥Rae,where Rae is the average level of the proportion of triadic patent families.Finally,this model is verified in three datasets,namely Encyclopedia Britannica’s list for the greatest inventions(EB technologies for short),MIT breakthrough technologies(MIT technologies)and Derwent Manual Code technologies(MAN technologies).Findings:The result shows that there are 64.71%EB technologies and 50.00%MIT technologies meeting the quantitative standard of the grey-rhino model,but only 14.71%MAN technologies fit the quantitative standard.This falling trend indicates the quantitative standard of the grey-rhino model is reasonable.EB technologies and MIT technologies have profound influence on society,which means they satisfy the qualitative standard of the grey-rhino model.Hence,64.71%EB technologies and 50.00%MIT technologies are grey-rhinos.In 14.71%MAN technologies meeting the quantitative standard,we make some qualitative judgments and deem U11-A01A,U12-A01A1A,and W01-A01A as grey-rhino technologies.In addition,grey-rhinos and non-grey-rhinos have some differences.Rh values of grey-rhinos have a downward trend,while Rh values of non-grey-rhinos have a contrary trend.Rh values of grey-rhinos are scattered relatively in the early stage and centralize gradually,but non-grey-rhinos do not have this feature.Research limitations:There are four main limitations.First,if a technology satisfies the quantitative standard of the model,it is likely to be a grey-rhino but expert judgments are necessary.Second,we don’t know why it will be eminent,which involves technical contents.Thirdly,we did not consider the China National Intellectual Property Administration(CNIPA)and the German Patent and Trademark Office(DPMA)which also play important roles in worldwide patents,so we hope to expand our study to the CNIPA and the DPMA.Furthermore,we did not compare the rhino-index with other patent indicators.Practical implications:If a technology meets the quantitative standard,this can be seen as early warning signals and the technology may become a grey-rhino in the future,which can catch people’s attention in the emerging stage and make people seize the technical opportunity early.Originality/value:We define and verify a new pattern called the grey-rhino model in eminent technologies.展开更多
Dr.George Chiou is Professor and Director of the Institute of Ocular Pharmacology and Professor of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics at Texas A&M University System Health Science Center.He has served as H...Dr.George Chiou is Professor and Director of the Institute of Ocular Pharmacology and Professor of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics at Texas A&M University System Health Science Center.He has served as Head of Department of Medical Pharmacology and Toxicology for 27.5 years until the department was reorganized in 2006.He also is an Adjunct Professor of Surgery and Ophthalmology at Texas A&M University College of Medicine,展开更多
Prof. Tafu Yu (1901-1993)(Fig. 1) is a pioneering scientist of phytopathology and agricultural microbiology in China. Like most of the scientists of his generation, Prof. Yu gave up the attractive conditions abroad an...Prof. Tafu Yu (1901-1993)(Fig. 1) is a pioneering scientist of phytopathology and agricultural microbiology in China. Like most of the scientists of his generation, Prof. Yu gave up the attractive conditions abroad and went back to China with the determination to rescue the nation with his knowledge. He has devoted his entire life to the development of phytopathology in China since 1924. Prof. Yu is also a distinguished educator who has instructed and in spired several generations of talent students for the country and has made outstanding contributions to the development of the agricultural scienee and education in China.展开更多
With roots in the royal court of Louis XIV,the Paris Opera Ballet has been a dance monolith for over three centuries.The world's oldest national ballet company returns to China for the first time in seven years,pr...With roots in the royal court of Louis XIV,the Paris Opera Ballet has been a dance monolith for over three centuries.The world's oldest national ballet company returns to China for the first time in seven years,presenting a gala showcase at the Guangzhou Opera House.展开更多
BACKGROUND Stapes ankylosis is a rare cause of conductive hearing loss,and stapes suprastructure fixation is extremely rare with fewer than 30 reported cases.Patients usually visit the clinic with non-progressive cond...BACKGROUND Stapes ankylosis is a rare cause of conductive hearing loss,and stapes suprastructure fixation is extremely rare with fewer than 30 reported cases.Patients usually visit the clinic with non-progressive conductive hearing loss that typically began in the early years of life.CASE SUMMARY Herein,we report a case of a 37-year-old female with an isolated stapedial suprastructure fixation.The patient presented with unusual fluctuating auditory symptoms of tinnitus,ear fullness and mixed hearing loss.Pre-operative temporal bone computed tomography findings and operative findings revealed an isolated stapedial suprastructure fixation with monopod stapes caused by elongated pyramidal eminence.The hearing threshold recovered completely,and fluctuating auditory symptoms disappeared after the surgery.CONCLUSION This is the first report of stapedial suprastructure fixation with fluctuating auditory symptoms.Successful results are expected with surgical treatment.展开更多
Ⅰ.Introduction The present topic is of eminent importance.All the beneficial efforts of the Vienna Convention are likely to remain useless if the contracts of international sales of goods governed by the CISG are poo...Ⅰ.Introduction The present topic is of eminent importance.All the beneficial efforts of the Vienna Convention are likely to remain useless if the contracts of international sales of goods governed by the CISG are poorly drafted.The Vienna Convention’s success does not only depend on the number of states which are parties to the Convention nor on the quality展开更多
To study which method is more effective in complete compensation and zero compensation for rural land expropriation,we use economic models to analyze whether the government is benevolent and which compensation method ...To study which method is more effective in complete compensation and zero compensation for rural land expropriation,we use economic models to analyze whether the government is benevolent and which compensation method can achieve the social optimal level.The results show that both complete compensation and zero compensation will lead to over-investment of land owners,and consequently result in loss of social welfare.展开更多
"Nine forms of needles"were the nine kinds of ancientacupuncture tools,which were made of different stones and met-als in China,firstly recorded in the anctient monumental work,The Yellow Emperor’s Canon of..."Nine forms of needles"were the nine kinds of ancientacupuncture tools,which were made of different stones and met-als in China,firstly recorded in the anctient monumental work,The Yellow Emperor’s Canon of Internal Medicine(722-221 B.C.).After that,except the filiform needle,the others had beenlost gradually.Fortunately,the eminent clinical acupuncturist展开更多
'Nine forms of needles' were the nine kinds of ancientacupuncture tools, Which were made of different stones and met-als in China, firstly recorded in the anctient monumental work,The Yellow Emperor’s Canon o...'Nine forms of needles' were the nine kinds of ancientacupuncture tools, Which were made of different stones and met-als in China, firstly recorded in the anctient monumental work,The Yellow Emperor’s Canon of Internal Medicine(722-221 B.C.). After that, except the filiform needle, the others had beenlost gradually. Fortunately, the eminent clinical acupuncturist inChina, world well-known scholar of acupuncture, director of theInstitute of Shanxi Huaitang Nine Forms of Needles, chief Dr Shihuaitang has developed new nine forms of needles using mordenmedicine, morden science and technologey on the basiss ofstuding on the ancient nine forms of needles, and estabished u-nique new nine forms of needles therapies. These therapies haveextended the indications of acupuncture and improved the thera-peutic effect.展开更多
"Nine forms of needles"were the nine kinds of ancientacupuncture tools,which were made of different stones and met-als in China,firstly recorded in the anctient monumental work,The Yellow Emperor’s Canon of..."Nine forms of needles"were the nine kinds of ancientacupuncture tools,which were made of different stones and met-als in China,firstly recorded in the anctient monumental work,The Yellow Emperor’s Canon of Internal Medicine(722-221 B.C.).After that,except the filiform needle,the others had beenlost gradually.Fortunately,the eminent clinical acupuncturist inChina,world well-known scholar of acupuncture,director of theInstitute of Shanxi Huaitang Nine Forms of Needles,chief Dr Shihuaitang has developed new nine forms of needles using mordenmedicine,morden science and technologey on the basiss ofstuding on the ancient nine forms of needles,and estabished u-nique new nine forms of needles therapies.These therapies展开更多
A relatively new method of firing of pulverized-coal (p-e) with enrichment of the p-c and preheating of the primary air is proposed by one of the authors in China. It is developed on basis of the theory of combustion ...A relatively new method of firing of pulverized-coal (p-e) with enrichment of the p-c and preheating of the primary air is proposed by one of the authors in China. It is developed on basis of the theory of combustion and is proved to be very successful in operation. Those coals, which are hard to burn, can be fired successfuly with this method of combustion. P-c burners can be easily retrofitted to this new method of combustion. The firing of such hard to burn coals can be burnt with great stability and high burn-out efficiency. Therefore, this new method of p-c firing is considered very prospective in China. It can be used widely in power stations. Its advantages in combustion and economy of operation are eminent. Patent has been granted to it by the Patent Office of China and it got good evaluation in power industry. In this article, the principle of its design and its performance arc briefly discussed.展开更多
The catecholamine,dopamine,plays an important role in the central nervous system of mammals,including executive functions,motor control,motivation,arousal,reinforcement,and reward.Dysfunctions of the dopaminergic syst...The catecholamine,dopamine,plays an important role in the central nervous system of mammals,including executive functions,motor control,motivation,arousal,reinforcement,and reward.Dysfunctions of the dopaminergic system lead to diseases of the brains,such as Parkinson’s disease,Tourette’s syndrome,and schizophrenia.In addition to its fundamental role as a neurotransmitter,there is evidence for a role as a growth differentiation factor during development.Recent studies suggest that dopamine regulates the development ofγ-aminobutyric acidergic interneurons of the cerebral cortex.Moreover,in adult brains,dopamine increases the production of new neurons in the hippocampus,suggesting the promoting effect of dopamine on proliferation and differentiation of neural stem cells and progenitor cells in the adult brains.In this mini-review,I center my attention on dopaminergic functions in the cortical interneurons during development and further discuss cell therapy against neurodegenerative diseases.展开更多
BACKGROUND Independent avulsion fractures with anterior cruciate ligament(ACL)or posterior cruciate ligament(PCL)attachment are relatively common among tibial intercondylar eminence fractures,and their postoperative o...BACKGROUND Independent avulsion fractures with anterior cruciate ligament(ACL)or posterior cruciate ligament(PCL)attachment are relatively common among tibial intercondylar eminence fractures,and their postoperative outcomes are generally favorable.Conversely,huge avulsion fractures of the intercondylar eminence containing the attachment site of both the ACL and the PCL are extremely rare,and the reported clinical outcomes are poor.CASE SUMMARY We describe a 30-year-old Japanese male's huge avulsion fracture of the intercondylar eminence of a tibia containing the attachment site of both the ACL and PCL,together with a complete tear of the medial collateral ligament and a partial tear of both the medial and lateral menisci caused by a fall from a high place.All of these injuries were treated surgically,with anatomical reduction and stable fixation.The limb function at 1 year post-surgery was excellent(Lysholm score:100 points).CONCLUSION Although this patient's complete surgical repair was complex,it should be performed in similar cases for an excellent final clinical outcome.展开更多
Background: It has been suggested that hypertrophic eminence on the medial head of the first metatarsal is a component of the patho-anatomy of hallux valgus. However, research findings in this area are inconsistent, p...Background: It has been suggested that hypertrophic eminence on the medial head of the first metatarsal is a component of the patho-anatomy of hallux valgus. However, research findings in this area are inconsistent, possibly due to differences in methods in identifying and measuring the medial eminence. To date, reliability of any method of measurement has not been reported. The purpose of this study was to determine the reliability of measurement of the medial eminence on medial oblique and dorsoplantar radiographs using a previously described geometric technique. Methods: To evaluate the reliability of a method of measurement of the medial eminence of the first metatarsal duplicate standardized dorsoplantar and medial oblique radiographs were taken of one foot of 15 subjects. The feet included both rectus feet and subjects with hallux valgus. The medial eminence was measured on the digital images using Inteleviewer 2.5 (Intelerad medical systems incorporated, Montreal, Quebec) software. Observer 1 measured one randomly selected image from each subject to determine inter-observer reliability. Observer 2 measured all images to determine the overall intraobserver reliability. Reliability was calculated using intra-class correlation coefficients (ICC). Results: The mean projection of the medial eminence ranged from 0.39 to 0.44 cm in both views. The ICCs were calculated for the dorsoplantar view and the 2 medial oblique view measures between observers. They ranged from 0.76 intra-rater and 0.86 interrater in the dorsoplantar view to 0.80 intra-rater and 0.90 inter-rater in the medial oblique view indicating good reliability in all measures. The average of the 4 oblique views also showed a high level of reliability with a coefficient of 0.96. Conclusions: The medial eminence can be reliably measured in the medial oblique and dorsoplantar view using the described technique. The medial oblique and the dorsoplantar views are valuable and reliable projections for visualising the dorso medial aspect of the first metatarsal.展开更多
基金This work is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.71673131).
文摘Purpose:Following the typical features of the grey-rhino event as predictability and profound influence,we attempt to find a special pattern called the grey-rhino in eminent technologies via patent analysis.Design/methodology/approach:We propose to combine triadic patent families and technology life cycle to define the grey-rhino model.Firstly,we design the indicator rhino-index Rh=ST/SP and descriptor sequence{Rh},where ST and SP are the accumulative number of triadic patent families and all patent families respectively for a specific technology.Secondly,according to the two typical features of the grey-rhino event,a grey-rhino is defined as a technology that meets both qualitative and quantitative conditions.Qualitatively,this technology has a profound influence.Quantitatively,in the emerging stage,Rh≥Rae,where Rae is the average level of the proportion of triadic patent families.Finally,this model is verified in three datasets,namely Encyclopedia Britannica’s list for the greatest inventions(EB technologies for short),MIT breakthrough technologies(MIT technologies)and Derwent Manual Code technologies(MAN technologies).Findings:The result shows that there are 64.71%EB technologies and 50.00%MIT technologies meeting the quantitative standard of the grey-rhino model,but only 14.71%MAN technologies fit the quantitative standard.This falling trend indicates the quantitative standard of the grey-rhino model is reasonable.EB technologies and MIT technologies have profound influence on society,which means they satisfy the qualitative standard of the grey-rhino model.Hence,64.71%EB technologies and 50.00%MIT technologies are grey-rhinos.In 14.71%MAN technologies meeting the quantitative standard,we make some qualitative judgments and deem U11-A01A,U12-A01A1A,and W01-A01A as grey-rhino technologies.In addition,grey-rhinos and non-grey-rhinos have some differences.Rh values of grey-rhinos have a downward trend,while Rh values of non-grey-rhinos have a contrary trend.Rh values of grey-rhinos are scattered relatively in the early stage and centralize gradually,but non-grey-rhinos do not have this feature.Research limitations:There are four main limitations.First,if a technology satisfies the quantitative standard of the model,it is likely to be a grey-rhino but expert judgments are necessary.Second,we don’t know why it will be eminent,which involves technical contents.Thirdly,we did not consider the China National Intellectual Property Administration(CNIPA)and the German Patent and Trademark Office(DPMA)which also play important roles in worldwide patents,so we hope to expand our study to the CNIPA and the DPMA.Furthermore,we did not compare the rhino-index with other patent indicators.Practical implications:If a technology meets the quantitative standard,this can be seen as early warning signals and the technology may become a grey-rhino in the future,which can catch people’s attention in the emerging stage and make people seize the technical opportunity early.Originality/value:We define and verify a new pattern called the grey-rhino model in eminent technologies.
文摘Dr.George Chiou is Professor and Director of the Institute of Ocular Pharmacology and Professor of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics at Texas A&M University System Health Science Center.He has served as Head of Department of Medical Pharmacology and Toxicology for 27.5 years until the department was reorganized in 2006.He also is an Adjunct Professor of Surgery and Ophthalmology at Texas A&M University College of Medicine,
文摘Prof. Tafu Yu (1901-1993)(Fig. 1) is a pioneering scientist of phytopathology and agricultural microbiology in China. Like most of the scientists of his generation, Prof. Yu gave up the attractive conditions abroad and went back to China with the determination to rescue the nation with his knowledge. He has devoted his entire life to the development of phytopathology in China since 1924. Prof. Yu is also a distinguished educator who has instructed and in spired several generations of talent students for the country and has made outstanding contributions to the development of the agricultural scienee and education in China.
文摘With roots in the royal court of Louis XIV,the Paris Opera Ballet has been a dance monolith for over three centuries.The world's oldest national ballet company returns to China for the first time in seven years,presenting a gala showcase at the Guangzhou Opera House.
文摘BACKGROUND Stapes ankylosis is a rare cause of conductive hearing loss,and stapes suprastructure fixation is extremely rare with fewer than 30 reported cases.Patients usually visit the clinic with non-progressive conductive hearing loss that typically began in the early years of life.CASE SUMMARY Herein,we report a case of a 37-year-old female with an isolated stapedial suprastructure fixation.The patient presented with unusual fluctuating auditory symptoms of tinnitus,ear fullness and mixed hearing loss.Pre-operative temporal bone computed tomography findings and operative findings revealed an isolated stapedial suprastructure fixation with monopod stapes caused by elongated pyramidal eminence.The hearing threshold recovered completely,and fluctuating auditory symptoms disappeared after the surgery.CONCLUSION This is the first report of stapedial suprastructure fixation with fluctuating auditory symptoms.Successful results are expected with surgical treatment.
文摘Ⅰ.Introduction The present topic is of eminent importance.All the beneficial efforts of the Vienna Convention are likely to remain useless if the contracts of international sales of goods governed by the CISG are poorly drafted.The Vienna Convention’s success does not only depend on the number of states which are parties to the Convention nor on the quality
文摘To study which method is more effective in complete compensation and zero compensation for rural land expropriation,we use economic models to analyze whether the government is benevolent and which compensation method can achieve the social optimal level.The results show that both complete compensation and zero compensation will lead to over-investment of land owners,and consequently result in loss of social welfare.
文摘"Nine forms of needles"were the nine kinds of ancientacupuncture tools,which were made of different stones and met-als in China,firstly recorded in the anctient monumental work,The Yellow Emperor’s Canon of Internal Medicine(722-221 B.C.).After that,except the filiform needle,the others had beenlost gradually.Fortunately,the eminent clinical acupuncturist
文摘'Nine forms of needles' were the nine kinds of ancientacupuncture tools, Which were made of different stones and met-als in China, firstly recorded in the anctient monumental work,The Yellow Emperor’s Canon of Internal Medicine(722-221 B.C.). After that, except the filiform needle, the others had beenlost gradually. Fortunately, the eminent clinical acupuncturist inChina, world well-known scholar of acupuncture, director of theInstitute of Shanxi Huaitang Nine Forms of Needles, chief Dr Shihuaitang has developed new nine forms of needles using mordenmedicine, morden science and technologey on the basiss ofstuding on the ancient nine forms of needles, and estabished u-nique new nine forms of needles therapies. These therapies haveextended the indications of acupuncture and improved the thera-peutic effect.
文摘"Nine forms of needles"were the nine kinds of ancientacupuncture tools,which were made of different stones and met-als in China,firstly recorded in the anctient monumental work,The Yellow Emperor’s Canon of Internal Medicine(722-221 B.C.).After that,except the filiform needle,the others had beenlost gradually.Fortunately,the eminent clinical acupuncturist inChina,world well-known scholar of acupuncture,director of theInstitute of Shanxi Huaitang Nine Forms of Needles,chief Dr Shihuaitang has developed new nine forms of needles using mordenmedicine,morden science and technologey on the basiss ofstuding on the ancient nine forms of needles,and estabished u-nique new nine forms of needles therapies.These therapies
文摘A relatively new method of firing of pulverized-coal (p-e) with enrichment of the p-c and preheating of the primary air is proposed by one of the authors in China. It is developed on basis of the theory of combustion and is proved to be very successful in operation. Those coals, which are hard to burn, can be fired successfuly with this method of combustion. P-c burners can be easily retrofitted to this new method of combustion. The firing of such hard to burn coals can be burnt with great stability and high burn-out efficiency. Therefore, this new method of p-c firing is considered very prospective in China. It can be used widely in power stations. Its advantages in combustion and economy of operation are eminent. Patent has been granted to it by the Patent Office of China and it got good evaluation in power industry. In this article, the principle of its design and its performance arc briefly discussed.
基金supported by Japan Society for the Promotion of Science,Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research [grant number JP17K07084]Takeda Science Foundation
文摘The catecholamine,dopamine,plays an important role in the central nervous system of mammals,including executive functions,motor control,motivation,arousal,reinforcement,and reward.Dysfunctions of the dopaminergic system lead to diseases of the brains,such as Parkinson’s disease,Tourette’s syndrome,and schizophrenia.In addition to its fundamental role as a neurotransmitter,there is evidence for a role as a growth differentiation factor during development.Recent studies suggest that dopamine regulates the development ofγ-aminobutyric acidergic interneurons of the cerebral cortex.Moreover,in adult brains,dopamine increases the production of new neurons in the hippocampus,suggesting the promoting effect of dopamine on proliferation and differentiation of neural stem cells and progenitor cells in the adult brains.In this mini-review,I center my attention on dopaminergic functions in the cortical interneurons during development and further discuss cell therapy against neurodegenerative diseases.
文摘BACKGROUND Independent avulsion fractures with anterior cruciate ligament(ACL)or posterior cruciate ligament(PCL)attachment are relatively common among tibial intercondylar eminence fractures,and their postoperative outcomes are generally favorable.Conversely,huge avulsion fractures of the intercondylar eminence containing the attachment site of both the ACL and the PCL are extremely rare,and the reported clinical outcomes are poor.CASE SUMMARY We describe a 30-year-old Japanese male's huge avulsion fracture of the intercondylar eminence of a tibia containing the attachment site of both the ACL and PCL,together with a complete tear of the medial collateral ligament and a partial tear of both the medial and lateral menisci caused by a fall from a high place.All of these injuries were treated surgically,with anatomical reduction and stable fixation.The limb function at 1 year post-surgery was excellent(Lysholm score:100 points).CONCLUSION Although this patient's complete surgical repair was complex,it should be performed in similar cases for an excellent final clinical outcome.
文摘Background: It has been suggested that hypertrophic eminence on the medial head of the first metatarsal is a component of the patho-anatomy of hallux valgus. However, research findings in this area are inconsistent, possibly due to differences in methods in identifying and measuring the medial eminence. To date, reliability of any method of measurement has not been reported. The purpose of this study was to determine the reliability of measurement of the medial eminence on medial oblique and dorsoplantar radiographs using a previously described geometric technique. Methods: To evaluate the reliability of a method of measurement of the medial eminence of the first metatarsal duplicate standardized dorsoplantar and medial oblique radiographs were taken of one foot of 15 subjects. The feet included both rectus feet and subjects with hallux valgus. The medial eminence was measured on the digital images using Inteleviewer 2.5 (Intelerad medical systems incorporated, Montreal, Quebec) software. Observer 1 measured one randomly selected image from each subject to determine inter-observer reliability. Observer 2 measured all images to determine the overall intraobserver reliability. Reliability was calculated using intra-class correlation coefficients (ICC). Results: The mean projection of the medial eminence ranged from 0.39 to 0.44 cm in both views. The ICCs were calculated for the dorsoplantar view and the 2 medial oblique view measures between observers. They ranged from 0.76 intra-rater and 0.86 interrater in the dorsoplantar view to 0.80 intra-rater and 0.90 inter-rater in the medial oblique view indicating good reliability in all measures. The average of the 4 oblique views also showed a high level of reliability with a coefficient of 0.96. Conclusions: The medial eminence can be reliably measured in the medial oblique and dorsoplantar view using the described technique. The medial oblique and the dorsoplantar views are valuable and reliable projections for visualising the dorso medial aspect of the first metatarsal.
