Monitoring of Air Quality for Particulate Matter (PM2.5, PM10) and Heavy Metals Proximate to a Cement Factory in Ewekoro, Nigeria

A cement factory nearby communities raise pollution concerns. This study assessed air pollution levels for respirable particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10) and heavy metals (lead, chromium, nickel, cadmium, zinc and copper) adjacent to a cement factory in Ewekoro and neighbouring communities (Papalantoro, Lapeleko and Itori) in Ogun State, Nigeria. Respirable particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10) and heavy metals were measured using an ARA N-FRM cassette sampler. Each location sampled was monitored for eight continuous hours daily for 12 days. The PM2.5, PM10 and heavy metals results were compared with different standards, including those of the World Health Organization (WHO), Nigeria’s National Environmental Standard and Regulation Enforcement Agency (NESREA) and Canadian Ambient Air Quality Standards (CAAQS). The PM levels fell within 11 - 19 μg/m3 of the air management level of CAAQS, which signifies continuous actions are needed to improve air quality in the areas monitored but below the NESREA standard. The mean Cd, Cr and Ni concentrations in the cement factory area and the impacted neighbourhoods are higher than the WHO/EU permissible limits, while Zn and Cu were below the WHO/EU permissible limit. A risk assessment hazard quotient (HQ) for Cr was above the WHO/EU safe level (=1) in adults and children throµgh ingestion, inhalation and dermal contact at all the monitoring sites. The HQ for Ni and Cd was higher than the safe level in the cement factory area and Papalantoro, while Zn was at safe levels.

Comparative Analysis of PM10 Emission Rates from Controlled and Uncontrolled Cement Silos in Concrete Batching Facilities

This research study quantifies the PM10 emission rates (g/s) from cement silos in 25 concrete batching facilities for both controlled and uncontrolled scenarios by applying the USEPA AP-42 guidelines step-by-step approach. The study focuses on evaluating the potential environmental impact of cement dust fugitive emissions from 176 cement silos located in 25 concrete batching facilities in the M35 Mussafah industrial area of Abu Dhabi, UAE. Emission factors are crucial for quantifying the PM10 emission rates (g/s) that support developing source-specific emission estimates for areawide inventories to identify major sources of pollution that provide screening sources for compliance monitoring and air dispersion modeling. This requires data to be collected involves information on production, raw material usage, energy consumption, and process-related details, this was obtained using various methods, including field visits, surveys, and interviews with facility representatives to calculate emission rates accurately. Statistical analysis was conducted on cement consumption and emission rates for controlled and uncontrolled sources of the targeted facilities. The data shows that the average cement consumption among the facilities is approximately 88,160 (MT/yr), with a wide range of variation depending on the facility size and production rate. The emission rates from controlled sources have an average of 4.752E-04 (g/s), while the rates from uncontrolled sources average 0.6716 (g/s). The analysis shows a significant statistical relationship (p < 0.05) and perfect positive correlation (r = 1) between cement consumption and emission rates, indicating that as cement consumption increases, emission rates tend to increase as well. Furthermore, comparing the emission rates from controlled and uncontrolled scenarios. The data showed a significant difference between the two scenarios, highlighting the effectiveness of control measures in reducing PM10 emissions. The study’s findings provide insights into the impact of cement silo emissions on air quality and the importance of implementing control measures in concrete batching facilities. The comparative analysis contributes to understanding emission sources and supports the development of pollution control strategies in the Ready-Mix industry.

Develop an Air Emission Inventory for Potential Point Sources in Northern Key Economic Zone and Simulate Its Impacts on Air Quality in Hanoi City,Vietnam

The Northern Key Economic region of Vietnam is a dynamic economic center that is an important economic locomotive of the North and the whole of Vietnam.In this area,large industrial parks are concentrated,attracting many large FDI projects.Key industries:cement production,cars-motorcycles,electronics,...Economic development entails environmental problems.The industrial sector has been identified as the number one driving force driving the growth of Hanoi city and neighboring provinces.Therefore,industrial development is one of the main causes of environmental pollution.In addition,the growth rate of industry in neighboring provinces significantly affects the air quality in Hanoi city.Some factories in Vinh Phuc,Hung Yen,Bac Ninh and Hai Duong provinces have large sources of gas emissions,potentially affecting air quality around Hanoi city.Monitoring results show that air pollution in Hanoi city is mainly caused by dust pollution,especially PM2.5 superfine dust.This is a very harmful dust to health;it is necessary to determine the cause and control solution.Therefore,the objectives of this study are:(1)inventory of potential emissions sources for industrial activities in the northern key economic region around Hanoi;(2)Simulate air spread by AERMOD model to get an overall picture of the industrial impact of surrounding provinces in Hanoi city;(3)Propose solutions to manage air quality for the city in the coming time.Simulation results for pollutants with the highest concentration of NOx for 1 hour,24 hours and the average of the year is 7.94;1.02;0.222(μg/m3);of CO for 1 hour and 8 hours are 27.616;8.89(μg/m3);of SO2 for 1 hour,24 hours and the average of the year is 4.005;0.288;0.038(μg/m3);of PM2.5 for 1 hour,24 hours and the average of the year is 0.32;0.023;0.003(μg/m3);of PM10 in 1 hour,24 hours and year average are 1.03;0.074;0.098(μg/m3).

The emission inventory of atmospheric industrial pollution sources of the five cities in Zhejiang Province

The amount of several air pollutants emitted in some cities including Hangzhou,Ningbo,Huzhou,Shaoxing and Jiaxing of Zhejiang Province is based on pollution source census data of Zhejiang Province in 2010.This paper focused on the release of air pollutants such as NO_(x2),SO_2,CO,PM2.5,PM10 and VOC,and calculated the total amount of those air pollutants.It analyzed air pollutant emission factors and found that the electricity and heat production industry released the largest amount of pollutants.

Implementation of the Air Quality Monitoring Network at Agadir City in Morocco

Air pollution is a major global issue with widely known harmful effects on human health and the environment. This pollution is a very complex phenomenon given the diversity of pollutants that may be present in the atmosphere. The air quality in urban areas is of a great concern for residents living in cities and represents a current issue that requires an adequate management. So that air quality policy is driven by health concerns. In this paper, we present an overview on the experience of Agadir city to establish the air quality management policy, local authority on the whole have developed a good understanding of air quality in the area. Indeed for several years, efforts have been made to monitor the air quality in this city, this translated by air quality assessment since 2006 using mobile laboratory and fixed station. Our goals in this study were to review the operation of Local Air Quality Management (LAQM) making better use of available resources to improve its outcomes and make recommendations with a view to improving air quality issues. This work highlights the requirement to revise periodically the LAQM for generating priority for air quality issues within local authority and the need to implement the optimizing Air Quality Monitoring Network (AQMN).

Evaluation of Effluent Discharge from Steel Manufacturing Industries on the Proliferating Environmental Degradation in Nairobi Metropolitan in the Republic of Kenya

The overall objective of this study was to establish the effects of steel industrial effluent on Nairobi metropolitan water system and its impact to the society. The study sought to identify various types of wastes produced by factories, assess how the waste generated is managed and disposed, examine the effects of effluent discharge on Nairobi River and finally propose mitigation measures. The research adopted a qualitative design and employed a number of methods: direct observations, document reviews to content analysis of the past studies, which in the end generated invaluable data. The study revealed that there are four categories of waste generated: solid waste, liquid waste, footbath chemicals as well as thermal wastes. It was also found that waste management in place was not effective enough leading to water and soil pollution. Other causes of pollution were found out to emanate from gasses contamination to the air and chemicals used during steel processing. The findings will inform the community of the harmful effects of untreated water and how it impacts on their health and productivity. It will also help the stakeholders in the environmental conservation to articulate issues of policy and influence agenda setting in the national and sub-national levels.

Quantifying China's iron and steel industry's CO_(2) emissions and environmental health burdens:A pathway to sustainable transformation

Assessing the iron and steel industry's(ISI)impact on climate change and environmental health is vital,particularly in China,where this sector significantly influences air quality and CO_(2)emissions.There is a lack of comprehensive analyses that consider the environmental and health burdens of manufacturing processes for ISI enterprises.Here,we present an integrated emission inventory that encompasses air pollutants and CO_(2)emissions from 811 ISI enterprises and five key manufacturing processes in 2020.Our analysis shows that sintering is the primary source of air pollution in the ISI.It contributes 71%of SO_(2),73%of NO_(x),and 54%of PM_(2.5)emissions.On the other hand,81%of total CO_(2)emissions come from blast furnaces.Significantly,the contributions of ISI have resulted in an increase of 3.6 mg m^(-3)in national population-weighted PM_(2.5)concentration,causing approximately 59,035 premature deaths in 2020.Emissions from Hebei,Jiangsu,Shandong,Shanxi,and Inner Mongolia provinces contributed to 48%of PM_(2.5)-related deaths in China.Moreover,the transportation of air pollutants across provincial borders highlights a concerning trend of environmental health inequality.Based on the research findings,it is crucial for ISI manufacturers to prioritize the removal of outdated production capacities and adopt energy-efficient and advanced techniques,along with ultra-low emission technologies.This is particularly important for those manufacturers with substantial environmental footprints.These transformative actions are essential in mitigating the environmental and health impacts in the affected regions.

Atmospheric Environmental Capacity of S_2 in Winter over Lanzhou in China:A Case Study

The total emission control method based on atmospheric environmental capacity is the most effective in air pollution mitigation. The atmospheric environmental capacities of SO2 on representative days over Lanzhou are estimated using the numerical models RAMS, HYPACT and a linear programming model, according to the national ambient air quality standard of China （NAAQSCHN）. The results show that the fields of meteorological elements and SO2 simulated by the models agree reasonably well with observations. The atmospheric environmental capacity of SO2 over Lanzhou is around 111.7 × 10^3 kg d^-1, and in order to meet the air quality level Ⅱ of the NAAQSCHN, SO2 emissions need to be reduced by 20%.

Environmental Impacts of Quaid-e-Azam Industrial Estate on Neighboring Residential Area in Lahore, Pakistan

Industries have contributed for human development by improving human life styles, increasing human life expectancy rate, providing more and more jobs. Still industrialization has many negative impacts on the environment and especially on human health. This investigation was carried out to probe the impacts of Quaid-e-Azam Industrial Estate on Township area, Lahore. During this investigation wastewater monitoring and ambient air monitoring had been done. Samples from main industrial drain were collected for wastewater analysis and seventeen parameters including pH, temperature, color, odor, turbidity, conductivity, chemical oxygen demand (COD), biological oxygen demand (BOD), chlorides, oil/grease, total suspended solids (TSS), total dissolved solids (TDS), ammonia-nitrogen (NH3 - N2), iron, sulfate, nickel and chromium were investigated. Among them pH, total suspended solids, biological oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand, ammonia-nitrogen were found exceeding the NEQS limits. The ambient air samples were also collected and five parameters of ambient air including particulate matter (PM10), nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide and noise were monitored. Among them only particulate matter was exceeding the WHO guidelines. Although there were few parameters like pH, TSS, BOD, COD and NH3 - N2 of water and PM10 of air, which do not lie within the national environmental quality standards (NEQS) limits but proper monitoring is needed to be done so that parameters may not cross their permissible limits in future. This problem must be taken into consideration by both the management of Quaid-e-Azam Industrial Estate and Governmental agencies because it is the responsibility of state also to make the environment clean.

Monitoring of Atmospheric Pollutant Concentrations in the City of Dakar, Senegal

The lack of data on air quality monitoring and neglected and overlooked pollutant emissions in the transportation and industrial sectors are motives for the government of Senegal to set up, in 2009, an air quality management center, the CGQA (Centre de Gestion de la Qualité de l’Air). Air quality monitoring at CGQA deals with mainly six pollutants: carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxides (NOx) (with nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and nitrogen monoxide (NO)), sulfur dioxide (SO2), ground-level ozone (O3), Benzene-Toluene-Xylenes (BTX), and particulate matters (PM) with diameters less than 10 μm (PM10) and 2.5 μm (PM2.5). The concentration levels of gaseous pollutants (CO, O3, NO2 and SO2) in the city generally remain below the limit value set by the WHO (World Health Organization). However, particulate matters (PM10 and PM2.5) are the most important pollutants observed in Dakar, they far exceed the annual thresholds set by the WHO and the national standard (NS 05-062). This situation results in an Air Quality Index (AQI) around bad and very bad during the dry season (November to May) and good to moderate during the rainy season (June to October). The concentrations of PM10 and PM2.5 vary respectively from 120 to 180 μg·m-3 and from 25 to 48 μg·m-3. The average concentrations of pollutants therefore vary from one area to another and depending on the location of the air quality monitoring station (near industrial sites, traffic, etc.).

长三角工业减污降碳时空演变及其影响因素研究

工业领域是我国推行减污降碳协同增效的重点领域,探究工业领域减污降碳的时空特征及影响因素,对实现减污降碳协同增效总目标具有重要现实意义.本文以长三角地区41个设区市为研究对象,综合运用耦合协调度模型、空间自相关、时空地理加权回归、地理探测器等方法,对2010−2020年长三角地区工业减污降碳协同效应的时空演变特征及影响因素展开分析,因地制宜地提出工业减污降碳协同推进建议.结果表明:①2010−2020年,长三角地区41个设区市的工业大气污染物排放量平均值大幅下降,工业二氧化碳排放量缓慢增长,长三角地区工业减污降碳协同效应总体处于上升优化态势,工业减污降碳协同效应等级由失调衰退类提至过渡发展类.②2010−2020年,长三角地区工业减污降碳协同效应在空间格局上呈中部高、南北低以及东部高、西部低的分布格局,时空变动上工业减污降碳协同效应高值范围由上海、苏州等长江入海口地区向西转移至南京、无锡、苏州等长江下游地区,其空间集聚特征呈现出集聚−离散−集聚的变化趋势.③规模以上工业总产值、规模以上工业增加值占GDP比重、人均GDP、城镇化率等是影响长三角地区工业减污降碳协同效应的主要因素,对大部分区域产生显著的正向影响,其影响程度存在时空异质性,双因子交叉具有显著的增强作用.研究显示,长三角地区工业减污降碳协同效应存在显著的优化趋势和空间差异,受产业规模结构影响较大,亟需从统筹优化减污降碳协同目标、加强重点区域协同控制、加快工业行业绿色发展等方面协同推进.

钢铁行业大气污染治理科技发展分析与展望

钢铁行业是我国工业领域重要的大气污染排放源之一,钢铁行业的大气污染治理是降低重点行业污染排放、打好污染防治攻坚战的重中之重。近年来,我国在钢铁行业大气污染治理方面取得了显著成果。总结了我国“十一五”以来钢铁行业污染防治科技工作的部署,并梳理分析了钢铁行业大气污染治理技术发展的阶段。基于末端治理、源头减排和过程控制、全过程耦合控制三个方面技术发展现状,剖析了当前我国钢铁行业在多污染物协同深度减排和实现超低排放面临的形势和问题。最后,面向“十四五”时期,聚焦碳达峰碳中和目标,提出了相关建议,旨在深化大气污染防治科技工作,为建设“美丽中国”和实现“双碳”目标提供关键科技支撑。在未来的发展中,我们有理由相信,在全社会的共同努力下,钢铁行业将迎来更加清洁、高效和可持续的发展。

国内外固定源大气挥发性有机物排放标准综述

系统综述了目前国内外涉及固定源大气挥发性有机物(VOCs)防控的政策法规与标准,全面梳理了当前发达国家与中国国家及地方VOCs标准体系,重点结合了几大主要行业的特征VOCs物种及对臭氧(O_(3))生成的贡献,提出固定源VOCs排放体系中指标设立存在管控模糊、缺乏针对性的问题。在此基础上,从借鉴国外管理方法及经验、及时修订现行标准和纳入更多O_(3)生成高贡献物种并分层管理等方面提出了进一步完善中国固定源VOCs排放标准体系的建议。

Multi-process and multi-pollutant control technology for ultra-low emissions in the iron and steel industry

The iron and steel industry is not only an important foundation of the national economy,but also the largest source of industrial air pollution.Due to the current status of emissions in the iron and steel industry,ultra-low pollutant emission control technology has been researched and developed.Liquid-phase proportion control technology has been developed for magnesian fluxed pellets,and a blast furnace smelting demonstration project has been established to use a high proportion of fluxed pellets(80%)for the first time in China to realize source emission reduction of SO_(2)and NO_(x).Based on the characteristics of high NO_(x)concentrations and the coexistence of multiple pollutants in coke oven flue gas,low-NO_(x)combustion coupled with multi-pollutant cooperative control technology with activated carbon was developed to achieve efficient removal of multiple pollutants and resource utilization of sulfur.Based on the characteristics of co-existing multiple pollutants in pellet flue gas,selective non-catalytic reduction(SNCR)coupled with ozone oxidation and spray drying adsorption(SDA)was developed,which significantly reduces the operating cost of the system.In the light of the high humidity and high alkalinity in flue gas,filter materials with high humidity resistance and corrosion resistance were manufactured,and an integrated pre-charged bag dust collector device was developed,which realized ultralow emission of fine particles and reduced filtration resistance and energy consumption in the system.Through source emission reduction,process control and end-treatment technologies,five demonstration projects were built,providing a full set of technical solutions for ultra-low emissions of dust,SO_(2),NO_(x),SO_(3),mercury and other pollutants,and offering technical support for the green development of the iron and steel industry.

Design and demonstration of a next-generation air quality attainment assessment system for PM_(2.5)and O_3

Due to the increasingly stringent standards, it is important to assess whether the proposed emission reduction will result in ambient concentrations that meet the standards. The Software for Model Attainment Test-Community Edition （SMAT-CE） is developed for demonstrating attainment of air quality standards of O3 and PM2.5. SMAT-CE improves computational efficiency and provides a number of advanced visualization and analytical functionalities on an integrated GIS platform. SMAT-CE incorporates historical measurements of air quality parameters and simulated air pollutant concentrations under a number of emission inventory scenarios to project the level of compliance to air quality standards in a targeted future year. An application case study of the software based on the U.S. National Ambient Air Quality Standards （NAAQS） shows that SMAT-CE is capable of demonstrating the air quality attainment of annual PM2.5 and 8-hour O3 for a proposed emission control policy.

A new prediction method of industrial atmospheric pollutant emission intensity based on pollutant emission standard quantification

Industrial emissions are the main source of atmospheric pollutants in China.Accurate and reasonable prediction of the emission of atmospheric pollutants from single enterprise can determine the exact source of atmospheric pollutants and control atmospheric pollution precisely.Based on China’s coking enterprises in 2020,we proposed a quantitative method for pollutant emission standards and introduced the quantification results of pollutant emission standards(QRPES)into the construction of support vector regression(SVR)and random forest regression(RFR)prediction methods for SO_(2) emission of coking enterprises in China.The results show that,affected by the types of coke ovens and regions,China’s current coking enterprises have implemented a total of 21 emission standards,with marked differences.After adding QRPES,it was found that the root mean squared error(RMSE)of SVR and RFR decreased from 0.055 kt/a and 0.059 kt/a to 0.045 kt/a and 0.039 kt/a,and the R2 increased from 0.890 and 0.881 to 0.926 and 0.945,respectively.This shows that the QRPES can greatly improve the prediction accuracy,and the SO_(2) emissions of each enterprise are highly correlated with the strictness of standards.The predicted result shows that 45%of SO_(2) emissions from Chinese coking enterprises are concentrated in Shanxi,Shaanxi and Hebei provinces in central China.The method created in this paper fills in the blank of forecasting method of air pollutant emission intensity of single enterprise and is of great help to the accurate control of air pollutants.

中美石化行业源空气污染物控制标准对比分析与展望和建议

在新能源快速发展和“双碳”目标背景下,长期来看我国化石能源空气污染物排放将大幅度减少,但2030年之前,我国需要治理的煤炭、石油等传统化石能源空气污染物排放量仍会增加,我国可能升级与石化烟气和挥发性有机物(VOCs)排放相关的空气质量标准和污染物排放标准政策。本文指出:美国环保标准政策对我国今后制修订标准政策仍有参考意义,建议我国针对各种烟气和VOCs排放源,进一步建立或完善污染物排放量大小判据,抓大放小;在制定严于美国标准的控制指标时应依托成熟可靠技术,高度重视标准政策的时效性、相对稳定性和地域性;建议研究论证在生态环境部《重污染天气重点行业应急减排技术指南》中增加燃煤电厂等烟气中可凝结颗粒物排放控制指标的可行性;如果要进一步提高石化VOCs排放标准政策,建议将有机液体储罐列为优先管控对象;建议将油气田作为石化行业甲烷排放管控重点,研究在重污染天气通过干涉大气阴阳离子组成来减轻或尽快结束重污染天气过程。在对GB 31570—2015(石油炼制工业污染物排放标准)、GB 31571—2015(石油化学工业污染物排放标准)、GB 31572—2015(合成树脂工业污染物排放标准)这3项污染物排放标准修订时,建议:①原则上修订内容应使污染物排放总量减少;②参考美国标准中术语定义和分析方法,将我国标准中的非甲烷总烃修改为总有机化合物(TOC),TOC不包括甲烷、乙烷;③将GB 31570—2015表4、GB 31571—2015表5中废水处理有机废气处理装置污染物项目非甲烷总烃修改为TOC,TOC≤60mg/m^(3);④将GB 31570—2015表4、GB 31571—2015表5中有机废气排放口的非甲烷总烃去除率≥97%修改为TOC去除率≥99%,或者TOC浓度≤60mg/m^(3);GB 31570—2015表4中增加苯≤4mg/m^(3)、甲苯≤15mg/m^(3)、二甲苯≤20mg/m^(3)控制指标;⑤取消有机废气排放口大气污染物排放浓度的氧浓度折算。

龙岩市水泥行业大气污染物排放及清洁生产研究

龙岩市作为福建省及华东地区主要的水泥生产基地,水泥行业排放的颗粒物、SO_(2)和NO_(x)对龙岩市总排放量的贡献率分别为47.2%、14.6%和48.5%,是首要大气污染源。“十四五”时期,龙岩市12家水泥企业的20条生产线均已完成本轮清洁生产审核工作,其中达到Ⅰ级水平的生产线有5条,Ⅱ级水平的有7条,Ⅲ级水平的有8条,取得了良好的环境与经济效益。为进一步提高龙岩市水泥行业清洁生产水平,建议采取加快超低排放改造、鼓励“上大压小”、开展清洁生产整体审核试点等措施。

Influence of agricultural activities,forest fires and agro-industries on air quality in Thailand

Annual and monthly-based emission inventories in northern, central and north-eastern provinces in Thailand, where agriculture and related agro-industries are very intensive,were estimated to evaluate the contribution of agricultural activity, including crop residue burning, forest fires and related agro-industries on air quality monitored in corresponding provinces. The monthly-based emission inventories of air pollutants, or, particulate matter（PM）, NOx and SO2, for various agricultural crops were estimated based on information on the level of production of typical crops： rice, corn, sugarcane, cassava, soybeans and potatoes using emission factors and other parameters related to country-specific values taking into account crop type and the local residue burning period. The estimated monthly emission inventory was compared with air monitoring data obtained at monitoring stations operated by the Pollution Control Department, Thailand（PCD） for validating the estimated emission inventory. The agro-industry that has the greatest impact on the regions being evaluated, is the sugar processing industry, which uses sugarcane as a raw material and its residue as fuel for the boiler. The backward trajectory analysis of the air mass arriving at the PCD station was calculated to confirm this influence. For the provinces being evaluated which are located in the upper northern, lower northern and northeast in Thailand, agricultural activities and forest fires were shown to be closely correlated to the ambient PM concentration while their contribution to the production of gaseous pollutants is much less.

基于政策和标准“双轮驱动”的提升四川省锅炉治理水平比较研究

锅炉是能源消费的主要载体,对减少二氧化碳和大气污染物排放、推动空气质量改善至关重要。国务院印发的《空气质量持续改善行动计划》提及“锅炉”16次,凸显其减排的迫切性。国家发展和改革委员会牵头印发的《锅炉绿色低碳高质量发展行动方案》则从减污降碳的角度进一步安排、部署了锅炉的整治工作。为了加快释放锅炉整治的大气污染物减排潜力,更加有力地支撑空气质量持续改善,研究结合四川省锅炉大气污染物排放标准前期研究成果,借鉴国内外锅炉治理经验,从政策引导和省级排放标准制定的角度,提出提升四川省锅炉治理水平的对策建议。结果显示:四川省锅炉整治面临政策缺乏针对性、执行标准宽松、激励机制不足等问题,部分地区燃气锅炉低氮燃烧改造率不足30%,燃煤锅炉和生物质锅炉的减排空间仍然较大。为提升四川省锅炉治理水平,建议实施高标准新建锅炉、加快存量锅炉整治、强化资金激励、加强差异化管控及锅炉设备更新改造,从而推动锅炉绿色低碳转型,实现减污降碳的协同增效。