Aim: To compare empathic levels among dental students of five Dental Faculties in Chile. Material and Methods: Empathic orientation of dental students was measured using the Jefferson Scale of Physician Empathy, the S...Aim: To compare empathic levels among dental students of five Dental Faculties in Chile. Material and Methods: Empathic orientation of dental students was measured using the Jefferson Scale of Physician Empathy, the Spanish version for students (S version), validated in Chile and culturally adapted to dental students. The data were compared using analysis of variance trifactorial (model III) and by a discriminant analysis. Results: It was found that differences exist between universities empathic orientation, courses, and gender. Conclusions: The results showed a great variability of empathetic guidance values on the factors studied. Discriminant test confirm the similarity and differences found among faculties from the data matrix provided by the scale used. It is not possible in this investigation to explain the variability found.展开更多
Concerns about the effects of social media or social networking site (SNS) use on prosocial development are increasing. The aim of the current study is to meta-analytically summarize the research to date (k = 5) about...Concerns about the effects of social media or social networking site (SNS) use on prosocial development are increasing. The aim of the current study is to meta-analytically summarize the research to date (k = 5) about the relationship between general SNS use and two components of empathy (i.e., empathic concern and perspective-taking). Random effects meta-analyses showed that SNS use was significantly and positively related to affective empathy though only marginally related to cognitive empathy. These effects were generally small in size and do not establish causality. Future research should explore how specific behaviors are related to different forms of empathy.展开更多
The previous research (Danno & Taniguchi, 2015) showed that near-miss incident experience was basically reduced by the Empathy Quotient (EQ) and was disturbed by the Systemizing Quotient (SQ) when the Empathy Quot...The previous research (Danno & Taniguchi, 2015) showed that near-miss incident experience was basically reduced by the Empathy Quotient (EQ) and was disturbed by the Systemizing Quotient (SQ) when the Empathy Quotient was low, based on the Empathizing and Systemizing (E-S) model using a web survey [1]. It means that drivers whose EQ was low and SQ was high had more near-miss incident experience. It suggested that drivers who have a stronger Empathizing function may have stronger hazard perception ability although the Systemizing function may weaken hazard perception ability when Empathizing is weak. And, then, it was revealed that the D score (standard SQ (T) score minus standard EQ (T) score) had a significant effect on the near-miss incident experience. Those results implied that a D score, which is used to classify “E-S types”, should have a relationship with near-miss incident experience, i.e. , hazard perception ability. The EQ and SQ scores were supposed to relate to the cognitive ability to estimate other road users’ mental situations and predict their behavior or to recognize stable laws in traffic situations. The aim of this research was to investigate the relationship between a driver’s visual attention ability (gaze movement) and hazard (near-miss incident) perception ability of different EQ and SQ scores. Drivers’ Real-time Useful Field of View (rUFOV) [2] was measured under normal and hasty driving conditions in a driving simulator which had six scenarios of traffic situation. The result from seven participants who had different EQ and SQ scores showed that a driver’s visual attention ability (gaze movement) corresponds to their scores. This pilot test research revealed a possibility that the individual difference in cognitive trait with E-S model could be a promising tool to understand the mechanism of hazard perception since a D score is used to classify “E-S types”.展开更多
Objective:The purpose of the current study was to determine the effects of psycho-scene drama on the empathic ability of patients with chronic schizophrenia.Methods:One hundred sixteen in-patients with chronic schizop...Objective:The purpose of the current study was to determine the effects of psycho-scene drama on the empathic ability of patients with chronic schizophrenia.Methods:One hundred sixteen in-patients with chronic schizophrenia were randomly di-vided into study and control groups(n=58 cases each).The original anti-psychotic drugs were not changed in either group.In the study group,the therapy was combined with psychological scene drama with a treatment course of 3 months.Before and after treatment,the interpersonal reaction index scale(Chinese version[IRI-C]),negative syndrome scale(SANS),social function assessment scale for patients with mental diseases(SSPI),Rosenberg self-esteem scale(SES),the emotional-social loneliness inventory(ESLI),and the Texas social behavior inventory(TSBI)were utilized for measurements.Results:A comparison of the IRI-C total,PT,FS,and EC factor scores before and after treatment in the study group was significantly different(P<0.01);the PD factor score before and after treatment was not statistically significant(P>0.05).A comparison of the IRI-C total score and each factor score before and after treatment in the control group was not significantly different(P>0.05).A comparison of the IRI-C total,PT,and EC factor scores between the study and control groups after treatment was significantly different(P<0.05).A comparison of the FS factor score between the study and control groups before and after treatment was significantly different(P<0.01);the PD factor score was not significantly different(P>0.05).A comparison of the SANS total,SSPI total,SES total,and ESLI total scores between the two groups after treatment was significantly different(P<0.05).Conclusion:The psycho-scene drama can improve the empathic ability of patients with chronic schizophrenia,improve the negative symptoms and social function,increase the self-esteem and self-confidence,and reduce the loneliness in social interactions.展开更多
文摘Aim: To compare empathic levels among dental students of five Dental Faculties in Chile. Material and Methods: Empathic orientation of dental students was measured using the Jefferson Scale of Physician Empathy, the Spanish version for students (S version), validated in Chile and culturally adapted to dental students. The data were compared using analysis of variance trifactorial (model III) and by a discriminant analysis. Results: It was found that differences exist between universities empathic orientation, courses, and gender. Conclusions: The results showed a great variability of empathetic guidance values on the factors studied. Discriminant test confirm the similarity and differences found among faculties from the data matrix provided by the scale used. It is not possible in this investigation to explain the variability found.
文摘Concerns about the effects of social media or social networking site (SNS) use on prosocial development are increasing. The aim of the current study is to meta-analytically summarize the research to date (k = 5) about the relationship between general SNS use and two components of empathy (i.e., empathic concern and perspective-taking). Random effects meta-analyses showed that SNS use was significantly and positively related to affective empathy though only marginally related to cognitive empathy. These effects were generally small in size and do not establish causality. Future research should explore how specific behaviors are related to different forms of empathy.
文摘The previous research (Danno & Taniguchi, 2015) showed that near-miss incident experience was basically reduced by the Empathy Quotient (EQ) and was disturbed by the Systemizing Quotient (SQ) when the Empathy Quotient was low, based on the Empathizing and Systemizing (E-S) model using a web survey [1]. It means that drivers whose EQ was low and SQ was high had more near-miss incident experience. It suggested that drivers who have a stronger Empathizing function may have stronger hazard perception ability although the Systemizing function may weaken hazard perception ability when Empathizing is weak. And, then, it was revealed that the D score (standard SQ (T) score minus standard EQ (T) score) had a significant effect on the near-miss incident experience. Those results implied that a D score, which is used to classify “E-S types”, should have a relationship with near-miss incident experience, i.e. , hazard perception ability. The EQ and SQ scores were supposed to relate to the cognitive ability to estimate other road users’ mental situations and predict their behavior or to recognize stable laws in traffic situations. The aim of this research was to investigate the relationship between a driver’s visual attention ability (gaze movement) and hazard (near-miss incident) perception ability of different EQ and SQ scores. Drivers’ Real-time Useful Field of View (rUFOV) [2] was measured under normal and hasty driving conditions in a driving simulator which had six scenarios of traffic situation. The result from seven participants who had different EQ and SQ scores showed that a driver’s visual attention ability (gaze movement) corresponds to their scores. This pilot test research revealed a possibility that the individual difference in cognitive trait with E-S model could be a promising tool to understand the mechanism of hazard perception since a D score is used to classify “E-S types”.
文摘Objective:The purpose of the current study was to determine the effects of psycho-scene drama on the empathic ability of patients with chronic schizophrenia.Methods:One hundred sixteen in-patients with chronic schizophrenia were randomly di-vided into study and control groups(n=58 cases each).The original anti-psychotic drugs were not changed in either group.In the study group,the therapy was combined with psychological scene drama with a treatment course of 3 months.Before and after treatment,the interpersonal reaction index scale(Chinese version[IRI-C]),negative syndrome scale(SANS),social function assessment scale for patients with mental diseases(SSPI),Rosenberg self-esteem scale(SES),the emotional-social loneliness inventory(ESLI),and the Texas social behavior inventory(TSBI)were utilized for measurements.Results:A comparison of the IRI-C total,PT,FS,and EC factor scores before and after treatment in the study group was significantly different(P<0.01);the PD factor score before and after treatment was not statistically significant(P>0.05).A comparison of the IRI-C total score and each factor score before and after treatment in the control group was not significantly different(P>0.05).A comparison of the IRI-C total,PT,and EC factor scores between the study and control groups after treatment was significantly different(P<0.05).A comparison of the FS factor score between the study and control groups before and after treatment was significantly different(P<0.01);the PD factor score was not significantly different(P>0.05).A comparison of the SANS total,SSPI total,SES total,and ESLI total scores between the two groups after treatment was significantly different(P<0.05).Conclusion:The psycho-scene drama can improve the empathic ability of patients with chronic schizophrenia,improve the negative symptoms and social function,increase the self-esteem and self-confidence,and reduce the loneliness in social interactions.
