Dining table is the daily necessity for the Qing emperor.However,emperors’dining tables in the Royal Court were quite different from those of commoners’in the folk.According to archives,Qing emperors normally used l...Dining table is the daily necessity for the Qing emperor.However,emperors’dining tables in the Royal Court were quite different from those of commoners’in the folk.According to archives,Qing emperors normally used low tables put on the heatable brick bed rather than high tables laid on the ground.These low dining tables were mainly made of red sandalwood,huanghuali wood and lacquered wood.In Qing emperor’s daily meal,not just one low table,but a combination of multiple low tables was used.When the emperor leaved the Forbidden City on trip or inspection tour,folding low tables were applied.展开更多
The United Kingdom is the first country in history that establishes the constitutional monarchy,and Britain has never changed this political system since it was set up in 1689.The constitutional monarchy once helped B...The United Kingdom is the first country in history that establishes the constitutional monarchy,and Britain has never changed this political system since it was set up in 1689.The constitutional monarchy once helped Britain become the most powerful country in the world.However,in spite of the long existence of the constitutional monarchy and the huge benefit it has brought to the United Kingdom,some people are now arguing that the constitutional monarchy should be abolished.This paper will review the history of British constitutional monarchy,analyze the necessity of this political system,and finally make a preliminary prediction about the future of British constitutional monarchy.展开更多
In interpreting the feudal contract between kings and nobles in medieval Western Europe,Western historians have tended to elaborate on its interaction,equivalence,and even equality,with an emphasis on the resulting re...In interpreting the feudal contract between kings and nobles in medieval Western Europe,Western historians have tended to elaborate on its interaction,equivalence,and even equality,with an emphasis on the resulting restrictions on the king's authority.However,this was not the case in England during this period.After the Norman Conquest,“imported feudalism”became a strong support for the English monarchy.On this basis,the feudal contract between kings and nobles evolved from an oral to a textual contract and from“personal commitment”to“collective negotiation,”in a process strongly marked by the coercion and inequality bestowed on such contracts by hierarchical feudal roles.In the course of this process,the English kings ceaselessly consolidated their power by breaking down the feudal customs reflected in agreements between the two sides.Although the Magna Carta,as a text-based feudal contract,made explicit provision for feudal customs,it failed to effectively constrain royal power.History shows that if we seek to elaborate on the reciprocity and even equality of the feudal contract from the perspective of modern social contract theory and thus exaggerate the nobles'right to resist the king,we will inevitably construct a mythical“feudal contract determinism.”展开更多
文摘Dining table is the daily necessity for the Qing emperor.However,emperors’dining tables in the Royal Court were quite different from those of commoners’in the folk.According to archives,Qing emperors normally used low tables put on the heatable brick bed rather than high tables laid on the ground.These low dining tables were mainly made of red sandalwood,huanghuali wood and lacquered wood.In Qing emperor’s daily meal,not just one low table,but a combination of multiple low tables was used.When the emperor leaved the Forbidden City on trip or inspection tour,folding low tables were applied.
文摘The United Kingdom is the first country in history that establishes the constitutional monarchy,and Britain has never changed this political system since it was set up in 1689.The constitutional monarchy once helped Britain become the most powerful country in the world.However,in spite of the long existence of the constitutional monarchy and the huge benefit it has brought to the United Kingdom,some people are now arguing that the constitutional monarchy should be abolished.This paper will review the history of British constitutional monarchy,analyze the necessity of this political system,and finally make a preliminary prediction about the future of British constitutional monarchy.
文摘In interpreting the feudal contract between kings and nobles in medieval Western Europe,Western historians have tended to elaborate on its interaction,equivalence,and even equality,with an emphasis on the resulting restrictions on the king's authority.However,this was not the case in England during this period.After the Norman Conquest,“imported feudalism”became a strong support for the English monarchy.On this basis,the feudal contract between kings and nobles evolved from an oral to a textual contract and from“personal commitment”to“collective negotiation,”in a process strongly marked by the coercion and inequality bestowed on such contracts by hierarchical feudal roles.In the course of this process,the English kings ceaselessly consolidated their power by breaking down the feudal customs reflected in agreements between the two sides.Although the Magna Carta,as a text-based feudal contract,made explicit provision for feudal customs,it failed to effectively constrain royal power.History shows that if we seek to elaborate on the reciprocity and even equality of the feudal contract from the perspective of modern social contract theory and thus exaggerate the nobles'right to resist the king,we will inevitably construct a mythical“feudal contract determinism.”
