Research on the longitudinal protection of a through-type cophase traction direct power supply system based on the empirical wavelet transform

This paper proposes a longitudinal protection scheme utilizing empirical wavelet transform(EWT)for a through-type cophase traction direct power supply system,where both sides of a traction network line exhibit a distinctive boundary structure.This approach capitalizes on the boundary’s capacity to attenuate the high-frequency component of fault signals,resulting in a variation in the high-frequency transient energy ratio when faults occur inside or outside the line.During internal line faults,the high-frequency transient energy at the checkpoints located at both ends surpasses that of its neighboring lines.Conversely,for faults external to the line,the energy is lower compared to adjacent lines.EWT is employed to decompose the collected fault current signals,allowing access to the high-frequency transient energy.The longitudinal protection for the traction network line is established based on disparities between both ends of the traction network line and the high-frequency transient energy on either side of the boundary.Moreover,simulation verification through experimental results demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed protection scheme across various initial fault angles,distances to faults,and fault transition resistances.

Variational Mode Decomposition-Informed Empirical Wavelet Transform for Electric Vibrator Noise Analysis

Electric vibrators find wide applications in reliability testing, waveform generation, and vibration simulation, making their noise characteristics a topic of significant interest. While Variational Mode Decomposition (VMD) and Empirical Wavelet Transform (EWT) offer valuable support for studying signal components, they also present certain limitations. This article integrates the strengths of both methods and proposes an enhanced approach that integrates VMD into the frequency band division principle of EWT. Initially, the method decomposes the signal using VMD, determining the mode count based on residuals, and subsequently employs EWT decomposition based on this information. This addresses mode aliasing issues in the original method while capitalizing on VMD’s adaptability. Feasibility was confirmed through simulation signals and ultimately applied to noise signals from vibrators. Experimental results demonstrate that the improved method not only resolves EWT frequency band division challenges but also effectively decomposes signal components compared to the VMD method.

A novel signal feature extraction technology based on empirical wavelet transform and reverse dispersion entropy

Feature extraction is an important part of signal processing,which is significant for signal detection,classification,and recognition.The nonlinear dynamic analysis method can extract the nonlinear characteristics of signals and is widely used in different fields.Reverse dispersion entropy(RDE)proposed by us recently,as a nonlinear dynamic analysis method,has the advantages of fast computing speed and strong anti-noise ability,which is more suitable for measuring the complexity of signal than traditional permutation entropy(PE)and dispersion entropy(DE).Empirical wavelet transform(EWT),based on the theory of wavelet analysis,can decompose a complex non-stationary signal into a number of empirical wavelet functions(EWFs)with compact support set spectrum,which has better decomposition performance than empirical mode decomposition(EMD)and its improved algorithms.Considering the advantages of RDE and EWT,on the one hand,we introduce EWT into the field of underwater acoustic signal processing and fault diagnosis to improve the signal decomposition accuracy;on the other hand,we use RDE as the features of EWFs to improve the signal separability and stability.Finally,we propose a novel signal feature extraction technology based on EWT and RDE in this paper.Experimental results show that the proposed feature extraction technology can effectively extract the complexity features of actual signals.Moreover,it also has higher distinguishing ability for different types of signals than five latest feature extraction technologies.

Empirical Wavelet Transform;Stationary and Nonstationary Signals

Signal decomposition into the frequency components is one of the oldest challenges in the digital signal processing.In early nineteenth century,Fourier transform(FT)showed that any applicable signal can be decomposed by unlimited sinusoids.However,the relationship between time and frequency is lost under using FT.According to many researches for appropriate time-frequency representation,in early twentieth century,wavelet transform(WT)was proposed.WT is a well-known method which developed in order to decompose a signal into frequency components.In contrast with original WT which is not adaptive according to the input signal,empirical wavelet transform(EWT)was proposed.In this paper,the performance of discrete WT(DWT)and EWT in terms of signal decomposing into basic components are compared.For this purpose,a stationary signal including five sinusoids and ECG as biomedical and nonstationary signal are used.Due to being non-adaptive,DWT may remove signal components but EWT because of being adaptive is appropriate.EWT can also extract the baseline of ECG signal easier than DWT.

基于EWT-KLD的机械密封金刚石涂层磨损声发射降噪

为了准确获得机械密封金刚石涂层在磨损过程的声发射信号,在分析机械密封设备的噪声特性基础上,提出了基于经验小波变换(EWT)和相对熵(KLD)的声发射降噪方法;通过对磨损声发射信号进行经验小波变换得到划分其频带的滤波器组,对磨损声发射信号和背景噪声发射信号用相同的滤波器组划分频带;计算相应频带2种信号的相对熵,用累计和算法在升序排列的相对熵中找到首个大于3σ的值作为阈值,保留相对熵值大于阈值的频带重构信号,完成降噪.研究结果表明:本文所提的EWT-KLD方法可以有效抑制不同工况、不同磨损状态的声发射信号的噪声,有效改善了磨损声发射信号的信噪比,尤其是微弱磨损信号的信噪比,提高了密封端面磨损声发射检测的精度和灵敏度;通过与传统降噪方法的对比发现,本文方法能够对不同工况下的密封磨损声发射信号降噪表现出更强的适应性和稳定性,对于及时检测早期密封磨损和准确监测磨损累积变化过程具有重要意义.

基于声振融合的二次EWT-CNN刀具磨损监测

为了实现加工过程中对刀具磨损状态的监测,提出一种基于协同过滤融合的方法。首先,对工作刀具振动信号和声音信号进行特征相关性分析后进行数据层融合;然后,将得到的声振融合信号进行二次经验小波变换(EWT)后去噪重构;最后,将重构信号进行信号增强并送入CNN实现特征提取及刀具故障识别。通过对不同故障类型的麻花钻头进行故障识别实验,在声音、振动以及声振融合信号和不同信号去噪重构方法的对比下,该方法对不同故障类型的钻头作出了98.96%的高识别率。验证了所提方法在刀具故障识别方面的优越性。

应用FFB-EWT的OFDM辐射源个体识别

针对在传统辐射源个体识别方法中OFDM辐射源细微指纹特征信息会受到数据信号成分和信道噪声的影响会导致分类识别率低的问题,根据短导码的子载波频谱特点设计了一种基于固定频率边界的经验小波变换(frequency fixed boundary-empirical wavelet transform,FFB-EWT)和深度残差网络的OFDM辐射源个体识别方法.首先,提取OFDM信号的短导码,根据短导码中传输信号子载波的频率间隔划分固定边界条件,将频域边界值应用于FFB-EWT对信号进行分解,去除包含前导序列信息的子载波分量;其次,对相邻帧中包含指纹特征的空子载波分量进行积累,提高指纹特征信号的信噪比;然后,使用双通道的结合了非局部注意力模块和通道注意力模块的ResNet18残差网络,对IQ两路数据输入进行特征提取,通过Softmax函数进行分类;最后,选择Oracle公开数据集验证方法的可行性.实验结果表明利用FFB-EWT方法对6个不同辐射源个体在6 dB和0 dB条件下进行识别,准确率可以达到98.17%和89.33%,证明了该方法在低信噪比条件下的有效性.

基于EWT的分布式光储PCC功率波动自适应平抑方法

分布式光伏在交流侧公共连接点(point of common coupling,PCC)汇流的功率有较大的随机性与波动性,影响电网的稳定运行。为此,提出了基于经验小波变换(empirical wavelet transform,EWT)的分布式光储PCC功率自适应平抑方法。首先,针对混合储能(hybrid energy storage system,HESS)与分布式光伏接入PCC的典型场景,在分析EWT自适应处理波形的特点后,结合功率波动率与储能元件的响应特性,对PCC的光伏原始汇流功率进行EWT分解与优化修正,实现HESS的功率初级分配。之后为避免HESS的荷电状态(state of charge,SOC)频繁越限,提出了一种主动功率补偿的SOC控制策略,通过主动改变储能的参考信号使其SOC在安全范围内工作。结合实际数据的仿真验证表明,该平抑方法能够自适应地实现光伏出力的合理分解与功率分配,在延长储能使用寿命的同时有效满足并网功率波动的要求,为平抑光伏输出功率波动提供了新思路。

基于EWT-FE分析联合改进SVM算法的GIS局部放电诊断方法

为提高气体绝缘组合电器(Gas insulated switchgear,GIS)局部放电类型诊断的精度,提出了一种基于EWT-FE结合IHPO-SVM算法的GIS局部放电诊断方法。为深度挖掘局部放电信号内部特征,利用经验小波变换(Empirical wavelet transform,EWT)结合模糊熵(Fuzzy entropy,FE)算法对信号进行分解,并提取有效特征量;为提高支持向量机(Support vector machine,SVM)算法自适应能力与分类识别精度,提出利用经过余弦衰减计算方法以及指数下降函数改进的猎人猎物优化(Improved hunter-prey optimizer,IHPO)算法对SVM算法参数进行优化选取;搭建GIS局部放电试验模型,建立基于EWT-FE信号分析结合IHPO-SVM的局部放电识别模型,对所提算法有效性进行验证。试验结果表明,所提算法GIS局部放电类型诊断精度均大于95%,优于传统诊断算法。

基于EWT-SVM的雨量识别方法

为了从雨声信号中识别出雨量的大小,提出了一种基于经验小波变换和支持向量机的雨量识别算法。对于采集到的雨声信号先进行去噪,接着对信号进行经验小波变换分解,分解后得到数个经验小波函数分量,然后通过Matlab编程对各个经验小波函数分量进行特征提取,在时域和频域范围内组成评价特征矩阵,最后通过SVM对特征矩阵进行分类识别。通过仿真实验发现,对于同一个信号,经验小波函数相较于经验模态分解有更好的自适应性并且克服了经验模态分解的混叠现象和端点效应。实验结果表明基于经验小波变换和支持向量机的雨量识别方法在雨量识别领域具有良好的效果,研究方法为雨量识别、智能雨量计的发展奠定了良好的基础。

基于SVMD-EWT的超声组织谐波成像算法研究

针对超声组织谐波成像中宽带射频回波信号的谐波分离问题,提出了一种基于逐次变分模态分解(SVMD)和经验小波变换(EWT)的信号滤波算法,简称SVMD-EWT。其对信号进行逐次变分模态分解,收集窄带模态的中心频率。结合经验小波变换中自适应频谱曲线局部极小值寻找方法对模态进行分类。将判定为基波成分与谐波成分相互混叠的模态的能量作为优化经验小波变换模态边界的参数,设计经验小波滤波器对超声射频回波信号做滤波处理。仿真和实验表明相比传统的人为给定截止频率的带通滤波器和将发射反相位信号得到的回波信号相加滤波的脉冲反转法,本文提出的方法具有更好的滤波性能和稳定性。带通滤波器和本文方法滤波后生成的乳腺肿瘤谐波B超图对比度分别为15.77 dB和20.78 dB。

基于小波降噪和EWT-TEO的电缆故障定位方法

针对传统电缆故障定位法受波速和噪声影响导致的波头识别不准确及故障定位精度差问题,提出一种基于小波降噪、经验小波变换(empirical wavelet transform,EWT)和Teager能量算子(Teager energy operator,TEO)的电缆故障定位方法。首先,利用改进的双端行波法消除波速对测距偏差的影响。然后,采用小波降噪法对采集的故障信号进行去噪。进一步应用EWT方法对降噪信号进行分解,提取降噪信号的高频分量。在此基础上,通过TEO能量曲线变化确定首端波头及近端反射波的到达时间,从而计算出电缆故障点到检测位置的距离。仿真结果表明,基于小波降噪和EWT-TEO的电缆故障定位方法对不同信噪比和故障电阻都具有良好的适应性和可靠性,能实现精确的电缆故障定位。

基于EEWT的电力系统超高次谐波检测

随着电力系统逐渐电力电子化,导致大量超高次谐波注入电网,引发了新的电能质量问题。为了解决这一问题,首要任务是对其进行精准的测量。此处提出了一种基于改进经验小波变换(EEWT)的超高次谐波检测方法。根据超高次谐波信号的频域特点,对经验小波变换中原有的频带边界划分方法进行了改进,并通过计算过零率和相关系数对信号中的噪声进行有效滤除。再利用经验小波变换技术,实现各超高次谐波信号的分离,从而对幅值和频率的参数进行检测。通过仿真与实验对实际高频光伏逆变器所产生的超高次谐波进行检测。结果表明了理论分析的准确性以及参数检测结果的精度,从而最终验证了所提方法在实际应用中的可行性以及有效性。

Empirical Wavelet Transform Based Method for Identification and Analysis of Sub-synchronous Oscillation Modes Using PMU Data

This paper proposes an empirical wavelet transform(EWT)based method for identification and analysis of sub-synchronous oscillation(SSO)modes in the power system using phasor measurement unit(PMU)data.The phasors from PMUs are preprocessed to check for the presence of oscillations.If the presence is established,the signal is decomposed using EWT and the parameters of the mono-components are estimated through Yoshida algorithm.The superiority of the proposed method is tested using test signals with known parameters and simulated using actual SSO signals from the Hami Power Grid in Northwest China.Results show the effectiveness of the proposed EWT-Yoshida method in detecting the SSO and estimating its parameters.

Price prediction of power transformer materials based on CEEMD and GRU

The rapid growth of the Chinese economy has fueled the expansion of power grids.Power transformers are key equipment in power grid projects,and their price changes have a significant impact on cost control.However,the prices of power transformer materials manifest as nonsmooth and nonlinear sequences.Hence,estimating the acquisition costs of power grid projects is difficult,hindering the normal operation of power engineering construction.To more accurately predict the price of power transformer materials,this study proposes a method based on complementary ensemble empirical mode decomposition(CEEMD)and gated recurrent unit(GRU)network.First,the CEEMD decomposed the price series into multiple intrinsic mode functions(IMFs).Multiple IMFs were clustered to obtain several aggregated sequences based on the sample entropy of each IMF.Then,an empirical wavelet transform(EWT)was applied to the aggregation sequence with a large sample entropy,and the multiple subsequences obtained from the decomposition were predicted by the GRU model.The GRU model was used to directly predict the aggregation sequences with a small sample entropy.In this study,we used authentic historical pricing data for power transformer materials to validate the proposed approach.The empirical findings demonstrated the efficacy of our method across both datasets,with mean absolute percentage errors(MAPEs)of less than 1%and 3%.This approach holds a significant reference value for future research in the field of power transformer material price prediction.

基于EWT和NeuralProphet-MLP的蜂窝网络流量长期预测方法

蜂窝网络流量长期预测对网络扩展和优化具有重要意义,针对长期预测中数据可用性低以及非线性等弊端所带来的诸多挑战,提出一种基于分解的分频预测模型。分别采用NeuralProphet模型和多层感知机对分解出的低频分量和中高频分量进行预测,最后对各分量预测结果进行逆经验小波变换得到最终结果。在真实的蜂窝网络流量数据集上进行验证,结果表明所提方法相较于传统预测模型在准确度上有较大提升,具有较好的应用价值。

Wind Speed Short-Term Prediction Based on Empirical Wavelet Transform, Recurrent Neural Network and Error Correction

Predicting wind speed accurately is essential to ensure the stability of the wind power system and improve the utilization rate of wind energy.However,owing to the stochastic and intermittent of wind speed,predicting wind speed accurately is difficult.A new hybrid deep learning model based on empirical wavelet transform,recurrent neural network and error correction for short-term wind speed prediction is proposed in this paper.The empirical wavelet transformation is applied to decompose the original wind speed series.The long short term memory network and the Elman neural network are adopted to predict low-frequency and high-frequency wind speed sub-layers respectively to balance the calculation efficiency and prediction accuracy.The error correction strategy based on deep long short term memory network is developed to modify the prediction errors.Four actual wind speed series are utilized to verify the effectiveness of the proposed model.The empirical results indicate that the method proposed in this paper has satisfactory performance in wind speed prediction.

Fault DiagnosisMethod of Energy Storage Unit of Circuit Breakers Based on EWT-ISSA-BP

Aiming at the problem of energy storage unit failure in the spring operating mechanism of low voltage circuit breakers(LVCBs).A fault diagnosis algorithm based on an improved Sparrow Search Algorithm(ISSA)optimized Backpropagation Neural Network(BPNN)is proposed to improve the operational safety of LVCB.Taking the 1.5kV/4000A/75kA LVCB as an example.According to the current operating characteristics of the energy storage motor,fault characteristics are extracted based on Empirical Wavelet Transform(EWT).Traditional BPNN has problems such as difficulty adjusting network weights and thresholds,being sensitive to initial weights,and quickly falling into local optimal solutions.The Sparrow Search Algorithm(SSA)with self-adjusting weight factors combined with bidirectional mutations is added to optimize the selection of BPNN hyperparameters.The results show that the ISSA-BPNN can accurately and quickly distinguish six conditions of motor voltage reduction:motor voltage increase,motor voltage decrease,energy storage spring stuck,transmission gear stuck,regular state and energy storage spring not locked.It is suitable for fault diagnosis and detection of the energy storage part of LVCB.

基于EWT-CNN-BiGRU的多特征电力负荷预测模型

针对目前多特征预测模型在短期电力负荷数据上精度不足的问题,提出一种基于经验小波变换(EWT)的卷积神经网络(CNN)融合双向门控循环单元(Bi GRU)预测模型。首先,从多维时序数据中提取强关联性特征,其次,对选定特征进行经验小波变换,将时序数据映射至频域以获取子序列,最后,通过卷积神经网络和双向门控循环单元融合模型实现对电力负荷数据的预测。该预测模型使用德国某联合循环电厂的时序数据进行实验验证。结果表明,该预测模型获得99.463%的拟合优度,具有较好的预测效果。

基于IEWT-MOMEDA-FSC的滚动轴承故障诊断

针对滚动轴承故障信号常伴有噪声干扰且故障特征难以提取的问题,本文提出一种基于改进经验小波变换(IEWT)、多点优化最小熵解卷积(MOMEDA)和快速谱相关(FSC)的滚动轴承故障诊断方法.首先,将原始信号进行快速谱相关分析得到增强包络谱,通过增强包络谱的极值点来自适应地划分频谱,以分割的频谱为边界构建小波滤波器组将信号分解为多个IMF分量,利用相关峭度准则筛选出有效的分量进行叠加;其次,用MOMEDA对其进行降噪处理,将降噪后的信号进行快速谱相关分析,得到增强包络谱图;最后,将增强包络谱图中幅值较高的频率与故障频率对比,判定其失效形式,用所提出的方法对实测轴承故障信号进行分析验证.结果表明,所提出的方法能有效降低噪音干扰且增强信号故障冲击特性,在噪声环境下具有较强的故障特征提取能力.