Accuracy of Ebola Information in a Knowledge Exchange Social Website (KESW)

Background: Misinformation on interactive Knowledge Exchange Social Websites (KESWs) is concerning since it can influence Internet users’ health behaviors, especially during an infectious disease outbreak. Objective: The present study seeks to examine the accuracy and characteristics of health information posted to a Knowledge Exchange Social Website (KESW). Methods: A sample of 204 answers to Ebola questions were extracted and rated for accuracy. Multiple logistic regression modeling was used to examine whether answer characteristics (best answer, professional background, statistical information, source disclosed, link, and word count) predicted accuracy. Results: Overall, only 27.0% of the posted answers were rated as “accurate”. Accuracy varied across question topics with between 11.8% - 45.5% of answers being rated as accurate. When Yahoo Answers’ “best answers” were examined, the overall accuracy was substantially higher, with 80.0% of “best answers” being rated as accurate compared to 16.0% of all other answers. Conclusion: There is need for tools to help Internet users navigate health information posted on these dynamic user-generated knowledge exchange social websites.

Online Vaccine Information in a Knowledge Exchange Social Website (KESW)

Background: The potential for misinformation on usercontrolled Knowledge Exchange Social Websites (KESWs) is concerning since it can actively influence Internet users’ knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors related to childhood vaccinations. Objective: The present study examines the accuracy and predictors of health information posted to a Knowledge Exchange Social Website (KESW). Methods: A sample of 480 answers to childhood vaccination questions were retrieved and rated for accuracy. Multiple logistic regression modeling was used to examine whether answer characteristics (best answer, professional background, statistical information, source disclosure, online link, word count, vaccine stance, and tone) predict accuracy. Results: Overall, only 56.2% of the posted answers were rated as “accurate.” Accuracy varied by topics with between 52.8% - 64.3% being rated as accurate. When Yahoo Answers’ “best answers” were examined, only 49.2% rated as accurate compared to 57.7% of all other answers, a finding attributed to widespread nominations of vaccine misinformation as “best answers” for questions addressing the side effects of vaccines. For all other types of questions, “best answers” were more likely to be accurate. Regression modeling revealed that discussions of personal choices regarding childhood vaccinations predicted the accuracy of posted answers, with those who mentioned vaccinating their own children proving more likely to communicate accurate vaccine information, and those expressing vaccine hesitancy proving more likely to share factually inaccurate statements about vaccines. Conclusion: The high prevalence of misinformation on KESWs suggests that these websites may serve as a vector for spreading vaccine misperceptions. Further research is needed to assess the impact of various KESWs and to develop effective, coordinated responses by public health agencies.

A study of information exchange through social networks in rural China

This research looks at the characteristics of social networks of rural people in different careers and income conditions.The study also investigates information exchange amongst rural people.The aim of this research is to analyze social networks’implication in the information exchange of rural people in China.Design/methodology/approach:The field work investigation of this study is a questionnaire survey of the egocentric social networks of 660 rural people in China.The characteristics of social networks are revealed through social network analysis(SNA).Findings:Analysis of quantitative date indicates that the social networks of Chinese rural people are small sized,filled with very strong ties and characterized by high-homogeneity.These characteristics limit the exchange of useful and new information.Research limitations:This survey was taken on a small scale of respondents.It did not focus on the information poverty issue,though the results indicate that a strong information divide exists amongst rural people.Practical implications:The social networks of rural people are viewed as their main information exchange channel on the one hand;however on the other hand,they does play a negative role in ameliorating information poverty.Through these social networks,rural people with different educational backgrounds and income levels suffer the information divide.Originality/value:This research focuses on the seven kinds of information which are crucial in rural people’s living and productivity.The connection between the characteristics of social networks and information exchange are revealed.

A Glimpse into a Potential Influencing Factor of China’s Exchange Rate: Social Financing Scale

The indicator of social financing scale(SFS)has become a new intermediate target for China’s socioeconomic regulation since 2011,which has a better tracking performance on important economic indicators such as CPI and is also the new intermediate target of monetary policy used by China’s central bank to replace M2 at present.So,is there an impact of the social financing scale on another important economic indicator,the RMB exchange rate?This paper conducted an OLS regression analysis of the time series data of social financing scale and the nominal effective exchange rate(NEER)of RMB for a total of 61 months from October 2016 to October 2021 and find that SFS has a significant positive impact on the exchange rate of RMB.This result means that the expansion of SFS will lead to the appreciation of RMB.In addition,the paper fills the research gap on the combination of SFS and RMB exchange rate,and suggests that mechanisms such as monetary policy or domestic interest rates may be responsible for this correlation at the theoretical level.

Social Enterprises’Institutional Rationale and Its Inspirations for the Modern Market Economy

This study analyzes the ways in which social enterprises contribute to society’s goals.In the new era of human development,many social problems cannot be resolved without the participation of social enterprises(SEs).The study on these enterprises is of great significance for theoretical research and practical observation.In a modern market economy,SEs have pro-social market vitality and compatibility with the market economy;their action gives a glimpse into the truth of human development.As can be seen from the socio-economic reality,numerous entrepreneurs nurture a desire to run SEs at a certain stage of their career development.The tendency of some entrepreneurs to run SEs is of great significance for this study.Social enterprises are hybrid enterprises as opposed to for-profit enterprises and SEs must address complex problems through organizational and institutional innovations.State owned enterprises(SOEs)and SEs share many topics of research and have much to learn from each other,and a key question for SOE reform is what makes SOEs efficient quasi-social enterprises.Both SOEs and SEs assume a social mandate,and their fulfillment of social responsibilities is underpinned by their economic efficiency(market competitiveness).The theoretical rationale and institutional mechanism of SEs-not least their innovation practice and formation of rules-stem from the relationship and coordination between economic and social exchanges under market-based conditions.Social enterprises focus on altruistic social exchange but need to be supported by a certain economic exchange to finance their operations.The biggest social problem for China is its failure to balance economic and social exchanges,as well as the method of reward.Research on SEs should promote the understanding of these questions and the quest for their solutions.Social enterprises may inspire more enterprises to pursue pro-social innovation and development.

重大工程项目情境下使命感形成机制研究

本文基于社会认同理论,结合重大工程项目情境因素,构建形成使命感的双路径机制。采用2时点的问卷调查方法,收集来自61位团队领导和303位员工的实证数据,结果表明:(1)当团队任务复杂性高时,团队认知多样性对独特感具有正向影响;当团队任务复杂性低时,团队认知多样性与独特感无显著关系。(2)环境不确定性在团队成员交换与归属感之间起正向调节作用,即环境不确定性越高,越会促进团队成员交换对归属感的正向影响。(3)独特感与归属感正向影响使命感,且在重大工程项目情境下,归属感比独特感的影响作用更强。(4)环境不确定性调节团队成员交换通过归属感影响使命感的中介路径。研究结果能够启发管理者如何在复杂多变的重大工程情境下有效地激发员工的使命感。

裂变创业者组织承诺跨越双路径对比——基于社会交换理论的案例研究

基于社会交换理论视角,以双案例研究方法,选取“独立发展型”和“母体支持型”两类裂变企业的创业者为研究对象,归纳出“母体交换关系情境”“交换关系风险认知”“信任助推承诺波动”“重建新创交换平衡”4个核心构念。在此基础上,识别出“顺序式”和“交错式”两条不同的裂变创业者组织承诺跨越路径,旨在延伸现有社会交换理论和创业理论,为裂变情境下的组织承诺跨越提供有效指导。

社会性昆虫社会身份识别机制研究进展

昆虫社会身份识别是指昆虫通过感知各种信息来辨别其他个体的身份,进而建立一定社会关系的生物学现象。社会身份识别对社会性昆虫的信息交流、天敌防御、社会分工、个体及群体生存和繁衍尤为重要。本文以蚂蚁、白蚁和蜜蜂等社会性昆虫为例,详细阐述了社会性昆虫的社会身份识别机制:社会性昆虫以信息素为关键线索,利用嗅觉实现社会身份的识别;社会性昆虫也通过其视觉观察同伴或天敌等个体的行为,实现社会身份的识别;社会性昆虫还能够识别特殊的声音信号和感知空气中的震波,并作为其社会身份识别的重要依据。此外,研究表明昆虫共生菌也参与调控社会性昆虫的身份识别。针对社会性昆虫身份识别是先天还是后天形成的这一争论,我们从基因、适应学习以及基因和环境互作等方面,阐述了昆虫可能通过先天遗传和后天学习相结合的方式实现社会身份识别的观点。社会性昆虫是研究人类和动物社会行为学的绝佳模式生物。社会身份识别的研究成果不仅可深入解析社会性昆虫的生物学特性,也对人类及其他动物的社会认知进化以及各类社会问题的研究提供重要参考。今后应加强以下两方面的研究:(1)探索社会性昆虫多样的识别方式,解码其更深层次的机制研究;(2)应用现代新型计算机技术,将社会性昆虫身份识别行为可视化分析。

企业参与精准扶贫与信贷资源获取——来自沪深A股的经验证据

基于资源依赖和社会交换理论视角,以沪深A股上市公司为样本,研究企业参与精准扶贫对信贷资源获取的影响。研究发现:参与精准扶贫有助于企业获得更多的信贷资源,且对民营企业更显著;当民营企业具有政治关联时,正向影响增强。进一步研究表明,参与精准扶贫的企业也获得了更多的政府补贴支持。提出从制度创新、科学制定和规范扶贫优惠政策等方面进行改革,推动我国贫困治理从“运动式”向“制度性”治理转变,推进民营企业扶贫模式的转型升级。

基于社会交换理论创新老年游学发展研究

老年游学是一种新型老年教育模式,但目前还存在以游带学、学习内容不够丰富、发展动力不足、保障机制不健全等问题。根据社会交换理论的互惠性原则,各地老年大学可建立游学资源交换机制,制定标准统一的游学活动方案和服务规范,推动开展互访型游学活动,整合资源、降低成本,丰富老年游学内容,创新老年教育形式,推动各地老年教育特色化、高质量发展。

短视频社区情境下用户品牌价值共创行为机制——基于社会交换理论视角

移动互联网技术与虚拟经济快速发展的当下,虚拟品牌社区已然成为企业与第三方平台聚合品牌产品相关信息、品牌爱好者来塑造品牌资产、进行价值共创以及推广品牌产品的重要社交场景。基于社会交换理论视角构建了短视频平台虚拟品牌社区特征、用户参与社区活动所获收益对其品牌价值共创行为影响的模型,通过发放问卷收集数据,利用SPSS和AMOS构建结构方程模型进行验证分析。结果表明,用户品牌价值共创行为受到经济收益和社会收益的显著正向影响,其中经济收益是关键驱动因素,且内容质量、激励机制、社交互动以及品牌知名度均对用户感知收益有正向影响。因此,企业应当制造品牌热点、优化内容质量,完善激励机制,拓宽品牌社区进入渠道,挖掘潜在客户,以促使用户自愿、积极参与企业或品牌价值共创活动。

“学校—培训机构”特色课后服务合作行为机理及困境突破——基于社会交换理论的分析

“学校—培训机构”合作是特色课后服务供给的重要模式。从社会交换理论视角分析学校与培训机构的合作行为机理发现,报酬吸引与组织支持促成双方的合作动机,资源吸纳与权力依赖促使双方合作达成,信任维系与秩序强化保证双方的持续性合作。但是,“学校—培训机构”合作仍存在组织信息不对称导致合作动机减弱、监管机制不到位导致资源吸纳利用率低、主体沟通不顺畅导致合作难以持续等问题。因此,应强化信息透明,稳固特色课后服务的吸引力;加强运行监管,增加特色课后服务的吸纳度;畅通交流渠道,保障特色课后服务的持续性,以更好地发挥课后服务的育人功能,满足学生的多样化需求。

社会交换理论视角下的城市社区老年人互助养老意愿影响因素研究

互助养老服务是机构养老服务、社区居家养老服务的有益补充。如何保障互助养老服务健康、可持续发展是一个亟须解决的社会问题。社会交换理论认为,城市社区老年人参与互助养老服务的意愿取决于预期收益、预期成本、信任和参与风险的综合影响。通过问卷调查,利用Amos25软件对已构建的概念模型以及提出的假设进行实证检验和路径分析。结果表明:城市社区老年人参与互助养老服务的意愿,随着预期收益的增加和信任度的提高,呈现出正向增长的趋势,随着预期成本增加和参与风险增强,呈现出负向增长的趋势;互助养老服务的健康运行需要建立一系列的激励机制、保障机制并需要进行广泛宣传。

“价值被低估”的独立董事选择离职或是继续留任?——基于组织公平理论和社会交换理论视角的研究

现有研究基于组织公平理论发现,“价值被低估”的独立董事会因感知的不公平而选择离职。但是现有研究不能解释为何还有部分“价值被低估”独立董事没有选择离职,并且那些继续留任的“价值被低估”独立董事后来还会拥有较多的“晋升”机会。为回答上述问题,在组织公平理论基础上引入社会交换理论,认为独立董事的社会交换关系(基于社会交换理论)对独立董事“价值低估”与离职之间的正向关系(基于组织公平理论)具有负向调节作用。并且,价值被低估且没有离职的独立董事此后会拥有更多的“晋升”机会(基于组织公平理论)。基于中国A股上市公司2008~2017年独立董事任职数据,实证研究结果支持了上述理论推断。实证结果如下:①社会交换关系在独立董事“价值低估”与离职之间发挥显著的负向调节作用。具体而言,当“价值被低估”的独立董事是由现任董事长任命,或者“价值被低估”的独立董事具有较好的社交技能时,独立董事价值低估对离职的正向影响较弱。②对于“价值被低估”且没有离职的独立董事而言,其后期获得“晋升”的可能性更大。

煤矿团队韧性的驱动机制——基于智能化矿山矿工心理韧性的上行传递模型分析

为挖掘并验证矿工心理韧性上行传递模型实现机制,基于社会交换理论、情感事件理论,采用结构方程模型和Bootstrap方法对山西某智能化示范煤矿367名一线矿工的真实样本数据进行路径检验及中介效应分析。研究结果表明:矿工个体心理韧性上行传递效应对煤矿团队韧性的驱动机制,包括情感传递和认知传递2条路径,且存在协调作用;矿工正念和组织认同感在个体心理韧性对团队韧性的情感传递路径中起链式中介作用;矿工自我效能感和组织认同感在个体心理韧性对团队韧性的行为传递路径中起链式中介作用。研究结果可为智能化煤矿安全管理体系提供1种可借鉴的管理理论参考。

检视“时间银行”的本源及其意涵——基于美国“时间银行”的比较案例研究

本文剖析了“时间银行”作为一项社会实践的构成,其目的在于通过时间交换机制来应对社会需求,进而促进一个基于互助的紧密联结的社会网络结构的形成。通过对“时间银行”的理论基础和概念框架进行细致梳理,并将其与志愿服务的概念进行关联分析,构建了一个综合性的理论模型。通过对美国不同“时间银行”案例的比较研究,揭示“时间银行”在现实操作中所展现出的本质属性和模式的多样性。基于此,进一步探讨了适配中国社会发展需求的“时间银行”模式,包括对服务内容及服务对象进行精准定位、选取运行空间尺度、构建信息技术平台、配置必要资源以及建立管理与维护机制等关键因素。在中国的情境下,“时间银行”的构建与发展应充分考虑当前的实际操作背景,从而探索出一条符合中国国情的“时间银行”发展道路。

价值共创视角下虚拟旅游直播的观众行为意愿影响机制研究

随着虚拟旅游直播的快速发展,如何促使观看旅游直播的观众转化为实地游客,成为旅游企业和学术研究关注的重要问题。文章从价值共创的视角出发,以北京故宫博物院为例,探讨了虚拟旅游直播的观众行为意愿影响机制和虚拟旅游直播持续参与意愿向实地旅游意愿转换的边界条件。结果表明:观众间互动的参与度和共鸣感染会对沉浸感和信任产生显著的正向影响,但认知交流则不会;直播内容形式和感知真实性均会对沉浸感和信任产生显著的正向影响;信任会对两种意愿产生显著的影响,但沉浸感只会影响虚拟旅游直播的持续参与意愿;高频率和丰富观看经验会削弱虚拟旅游直播持续参与意愿向实地旅游意愿的转化。文章也为旅游直播的发展提出了针对性的建议。

老为何所虐?——老年虐待的形成因素与防治策略研究

厘清导致老年虐待的关键因素是当前老龄化进程中防治虐老现象、保障老年弱势群体福祉的迫切需求。基于照顾者压力理论、社会交换论和外在情景因素论构建老年虐待形成的系统性理论分析框架,并利用2018年中国老年社会追踪调查数据,实证分析导致老年虐待的因素并量化分解各类因素对老年虐待差异的贡献度,从全局视角探讨老年虐待的关键归因与防治策略。研究发现,健康依赖、时间和经济压力等照料者压力因素增加了老年虐待的发生风险,而家庭代际互惠因素中的向下代际经济支持与良好的代际关系起到了缓解老年虐待的作用。其中,健康依赖、代际关系和时间、经济压力是导致老年虐待的三大主因,但现阶段社会养老服务和经济支持资源在防治老年虐待方面发挥的作用有待提升。

交换论视域下婚姻关系中的匹配:成对城市青年夫妻的质性研究

目的:探究青年夫妻婚姻匹配模式的形成、完善及其对婚姻关系的影响。方法:均衡地区代表性抽取10对中国城市的青年夫妻,进行半结构化深度访谈,并采用扎根理论对访谈内容进行分析。结果:匹配的实质是婚姻交换中双方的需要被满足;婚姻建立阶段基于主动的择偶形成关于“资源等价”“特质契合”的初期匹配;婚姻建立之后通过调适形成关于“关系边界”“关系经营”“角色分工”和“权力关系”的具体匹配;达到高需求层次的匹配和内在匹配更为重要。结论:婚姻匹配的实质是婚姻交换中双方需求得以满足,是一个动态而复杂的过程。个体在择偶时需要对双方心理资源以及性格和观念的契合性认真评估和权衡。一旦婚姻建立,双方则需要在具体的互动中持续调适。幸福婚姻的匹配模式并非刻板的严丝合缝,而是一种富有弹性、能够适应变化的动态平衡。

不道德亲组织行为的解释机制与权变理论模型

不道德亲组织行为(Unethical Pro-organizational Behavior)是指员工为维护组织利益而采取的不道德行为。在数字化环境下,员工的不道德亲组织行为可能会带来更严重的负面影响,但现有研究对此尚未给予足够的重视。因此有必要梳理不道德亲组织行为的概念内涵,并从社会交换、社会认同、社会认知及社会学习等四个理论机制出发,探讨该行为的前因。在此基础上,提出了一个基于权变理论的研究模型,旨在揭示不道德亲组织行为对个体和组织层面的影响结果。结论丰富了对不道德亲组织行为的理论研究,并为管理实践提供了有价值的参考。