Gender Composition and Gender-based Employees＇ Turnover： An Empirical Study among Women and Men in China＇s Organization

With the disappearance of rigid employment contract and the-intenseness of competition of human resources, turnover has become a great obstacle to firm＇s well-runned development. From the point of firm＇s gender composition, the influence of gender composition on gender-based turnover in each level including leading post remains unclear. The paper explores this issue by using statistical methods on the basis of 332 individual sampling data in 65 different enterprises. The results show that proportion of male to female in high and first-line level has significantly positive influence on employee turnover for both male and female. But the proportion of male to female in middle level has significantly negative influence on employee turnover for both male and female. The whole proportion of male to female in organization has positive influence on turnover. The leader＇s gender has negative effect on turnover of male employee. Most of the above correlations are consistent with foreign researches. Referred to our results, enterprise could control turnover and improve the organization efficiency by adjusting the proportion of male to female in different levels when we make decisions on human resources management in order to attract female employees.

Study on the Turnover and Job Mobility of the State-owned Enterprise Employees in China

This study focuses on such relevant factors that can influence employees＇ turnover decision in state-owned enterprise of China as the wages, work pressure, relevant industry working conditions, job duties related to moving to other industries, and management. This research shows that the employees correct their expectations to the current job and other jobs in the industry on the basis of their initial work experience, which finally affects their turnover decision. In addition, the study also reveals that the turnover caused by the difference of wages, and the management reasons can make the employees completely leave the state-owned enterprises.

Dietary xylo‑oligosaccharides and arabinoxylans improved growth efficiency by reducing gut epithelial cell turnover in broiler chickens

Background One of the main roles of the intestinal mucosa is to protect against environmental hazards.Supple-mentation of xylo-oligosaccharides(XOS)is known to selectively stimulate the growth of beneficial intestinal bacteria and improve gut health and function in chickens.XOS may have an impact on the integrity of the intestinal epithelia where cell turnover is critical to maintain the compatibility between the digestive and barrier functions.The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of XOS and an arabinoxylan-rich fraction(AXRF)supplementation on gut func-tion and epithelial integrity in broiler chickens.Methods A total of 128 broiler chickens(Ross 308)were assigned into one of two different dietary treatments for a period of 42 d:1)control diet consisting of a corn/soybean meal-based diet;or 2)a control diet supplemented with 0.5%XOS and 1%AXRF.Each treatment was randomly distributed across 8 pens(n=8)with 8 chickens each.Feed intake and body weight were recorded weekly.On d 42,one male chicken per pen was selected based on aver-age weight and euthanized,jejunum samples were collected for proteomics analysis.Results Dietary XOS/AXRF supplementation improved feed efficiency(P<0.05)from d 1 to 42 compared to the con-trol group.Proteomic analysis was used to understand the mechanism of improved efficiency uncovering 346 dif-ferentially abundant proteins(DAP)(Padj<0.00001)in supplemented chickens compared to the non-supplemented group.In the jejunum,the DAP translated into decreased ATP production indicating lower energy expenditure by the tissue(e.g.,inhibition of glycolysis and tricarboxylic acid cycle pathways).In addition,DAP were associated with decreased epithelial cell differentiation,and migration by reducing the actin polymerization pathway.Put-ting the two main pathways together,XOS/AXRF supplementation may decrease around 19%the energy required for the maintenance of the gastrointestinal tract.Conclusions Dietary XOS/AXRF supplementation improved growth efficiency by reducing epithelial cell migration and differentiation(hence,turnover),actin polymerization,and consequently energy requirement for maintenance of the jejunum of broiler chickens.

Use of cognitive-behavioral career coaching to reduce work anxiety and depression in public employees

BACKGROUND Public employees worldwide are increasingly concerned about work anxiety and depression.Cognitive-behavioral career coaching has emerged as a promising strategy for addressing these mental health disorders,which can negatively impact on a person's overall well-being and performance.AIM To examine whether cognitive-behavioral career coaching reduces work anxiety and depression among Nigerian public employees.METHODS A total of 120 public employees(n=60)suffering from severe anxiety and depression were randomly assigned to the treatment or control groups in this study.Cognitive behavioral coaching was provided twice a week to those in the treatment group,whereas no treatment was given to those in the control group.As part of the study,the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scales and Beck Depression Inventory were used to collect data.RESULTS Analysis of covariance of the data from participants indicates a significant effect of cognitive-behavioral career coaching on work anxiety and depression.CONCLUSION Insights into the underlying mechanisms by which cognitive behavior career coaching exerts its effects have been gained from this study.Also,the study has gathered valuable data that can inform future practice and guide the development of strategies for supporting mental health at work.

Hydrogen evolution reaction activity enhancement from active site turnover mechanism

Although heteroatom doping is an effective way to improve the catalytic activity of transition metal phosphides(TMPs),the mechanism of activity enhancement needs to be further refined.To this end,we synthesized a Co-doped Ni_(2)P catalyst as a research model and found that the introduction of heterogeneous Co reconstructed the charge distribution around the P site,which effectively enhanced the hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)activity of the pure Ni_(2)P.Based on in-situ Raman real-time monitoring technology,we monitored for the first time that Co doping triggered a switch of the active site(from the original Co-active site to the P-active site),which promoted the adsorption of H_(2)O to enhance the HER activity.The density functional theory(DFT)calculations indicated that the P site of Co-Ni_(2)P expressed the highest activity and the Ni site of pure Ni_(2)P expressed the highest activity,which further confirms the in-situ Raman monitoring results.The active site turnover mechanism discovered in this study will undoubtedly provide more rational and targeted ideas for future catalyst design.

Effects of improved amino acid balance diet on lysine mammary utilization, whole body protein turnover and muscle protein breakdown on lactating sows

Background The study objective was to test the hypothesis that low crude protein(CP)diet with crystalline amino acids(CAA)supplementation improves Lys utilization efficiency for milk production and reduces protein turnover and muscle protein breakdown.Eighteen lactating multiparous Yorkshire sows were allotted to 1 of 2 isocaloric diets(10.80 MJ/kg net energy):control(CON;19.24%CP)and reduced CP with“optimal”AA profile(OPT;14.00%CP).Sow body weight and backfat were recorded on d 1 and 21 of lactation and piglets were weighed on d 1,14,18,and 21 of lactation.Between d 14 and 18,a subset of 9 sows(CON=4,OPT=5)was infused with a mixed solution of 3-[methyl-2H3]histidine(bolus injection)and[13C]bicarbonate(priming dose)first,then a constant 2-h[13C]bicarbonate infusion followed by a 6-h primed constant[1-13C]lysine infusion.Serial blood and milk sampling were performed to determine plasma and milk Lys enrichment,Lys oxidation rate,whole body protein turnover,and muscle protein breakdown.Results Over the 21-d lactation period,compared to CON,sows fed OPT had greater litter growth rate(P<0.05).Compared to CON,sows fed OPT had greater efficiency of Lys(P<0.05),Lys mammary flux(P<0.01)and whole-body protein turnover efficiency(P<0.05).Compared to CON,sows fed OPT tended to have lower whole body protein breakdown rate(P=0.069).Muscle protein breakdown rate did not differ between OPT and CON(P=0.197).Conclusion Feeding an improved AA balance diet increased efficiency of Lys and reduced whole-body protein turnover and protein breakdown.These results imply that the lower maternal N retention observed in lactating sows fed improved AA balance diets in previous studies may be a result of greater partitioning of AA towards milk rather than greater body protein breakdown.

Deterministic processes drive turnover-dominated beta diversity of breeding birds along the central Himalayan elevation gradient

Beta diversity,the variation of community composition among sites,bridges alpha and gamma diversity and can reveal the mechanisms of community assembly through applying distance-decay models and/or partitioning beta diversity into turnover and nestedness components from functional and phylogenetic perspectives.Mountains as the most natural experiment system provide good opportunities for exploring beta diversity patterns and the underlying ecological processes.Here,we simultaneously consider distance-decay models and multiple di-mensions of beta diversity to examine spatial variations of bird communities,and to evaluate the relative importance of niche-based and neutral community assembly mechanisms along a 3600-m elevational gradient in the central Himalayas,China.Our results showed that species turnover dominates taxonomic,functional,and phylogenetic beta diversity.We observed strongest evidence of spatial distance decays in taxonomic similarities of birds,followed by its phylogenetic and functional analogues.Turnover component was highest in taxonomic beta diversity,while nestedness component was highest in functional beta diversity.Further,all correlations of assemblage similarity with climatic distance were higher than that with spatial distances.Standardized values of overall taxonomic,functional,and phylogenetic beta diversity and their turnover components increase with increasing elevational distance,while the standardized values of taxonomic and phylogenetic nestedness decreased with increasing elevational distance.Our results highlighted the niche-based deterministic processes in shaping elevational bird diversity patterns that were determined by the relative roles of decreasing trend of environmental filtering and increasing trend of limiting similarity along elevation distances.

What is the role of cognitive-behavioral career coaching in mitigating work anxiety and depression among public employees?

This editorial explores the study by Mkpoikanke Sunday Otu and Maximus Monaheng Sefotho on the use of cognitive-behavioral career coaching(CBCC)to reduce work anxiety and depression among public employees.Public sector workers often face significant psychological stressors,leading to mental health issues that impair well-being and job performance.The study employed a grouprandomized trial design,involving 120 public employees diagnosed with severe anxiety and depression.Participants were divided into a treatment group,receiving CBCC,and a control group with no intervention.Results showed a significant reduction in anxiety and depression levels in the treatment group,sustained through follow-up assessments.The findings underscore the clinical relevance of CBCC as an effective intervention for improving mental health among public employees.Future research should explore the scalability of CBCC across different sectors and cultural contexts,as well as its integration with other mental health interventions.This editorial advocates for the broader implementation of CBCC practices in public service to enhance employee productivity and psychological well-being.By addressing cognitive distortions and fostering adaptive coping mechanisms,CBCC can help public employees navigate complex professional environments,ultimately contributing to a healthier and more efficient workforce.

The Impact of Supervisory Career Support on Employees’Well-Being:A Dual Path Model of Opportunity and Ability

Background:In the pursuit of fostering employees’well-being,leaders are recognized as playing a vital role.However,so far,most of the existing research has focused on leadership behavior and the superficial interaction between leaders and members but has unexpectedly ignored the specific supporting role of supervisors in the career development of employees,that is,supervisory career support.Additionally,the internal mechanism of how career support from supervisors is related to and promotes employees’wellbeing is still unclear.Based on social cognitive career theory(SCCT),this study aimed to explore whether,how,and when supervisory career support affects employee well-being by introducing the two paths of‘career prospect’and‘career confidence.’Methods:During July 2023,this study employed a cross-sectional design.We gathered participants from corporate situated in Southern China.Results:Results based on a large sample of 14,533 employees showed that supervisory career support was positively related to employees’well-being through the dual path of career prospects(opportunity)and career confidence(ability).Employees high in proactive personality experienced the above positive effects most.Conclusion:This study provides meaningful implications for managers to implement personalized support strategies to improve employees’well-being.

Vietnam's textile and garment export turnover hits 44 billion USD in 2024

Vietnam's textile and garment industry has fulfilled its 44-billion-USD export turnover target in 2024,an increase of over 11%compared to 2023,thanks to efforts in market diversification,technological innovation,and effectively capitalising on the shift in orders.

Research on Work-Life Balance of Female Employees

Nowadays,the pace of work and life is accelerating rapidly,accompanied by significant changes in work content and family structure.Enterprises and employees are encountering various pressures and conflicts.Female employees,in particular,are experiencing increasing pressure in both social labor and family affairs,resulting in ongoing conflicts between work and life.Achieving a balance between these two domains is crucial for female employees.This article aims to analyze the influencing factors of work-life balance for female employees and to propose useful strategies to help them improve it.

Dysfunctional Audit Behaviour： The Effects of Employee Performance, Turnover Intentions and Locus of Control

Dy Ov sfunctional audit behaviour （DAB） and staff turnover are associated with decreased audit quality （Public ersight Board, 2000）. This study develops and tests a theoretical model that turnover intentions and locus of control as antecedents of attitudes toward DAB survey results from 225 auditors support the theoretical model identifies employee performance, Using a path analysis technique,

Variation patterns of fine root biomass, production and turnover in Chinese forests

China's forests cover 208.3 million ha and span a wide range of climates and a large variety of forest types, including tropical, temperate, and boreal forests. However, the variation patterns of fine root (< 2 mm in diameter) biomass, production, and turnover from the south to the north are unclear. This study summarizes fine root biomass (FRB), production (FRP) and turnover rate (FRT) in China's forests as reported by 140 case studies published from 1983 to 2014. The results showed that the mean values of FRB, FRP and FRT in China's forests were 278 g m(-2), 366 g m(-2) a(-1), and 1.19 a(-1), respectively. Compared with other studies at the regional or global scales, FRB in China's forests was lower, FRP was similar to estimates at the global scale, but FRT was much higher. FRB, FRP, and FRT in China's forests increased with increasing mean annual precipitation (MAP), indicating that fine root variables were likely related to MAP, rather than mean annual temperature or latitude. This is possibly due to the small variation in temperature but greater variation in precipitation during the growing season. These findings suggest that spatiotemporal variation in precipitation has a more profound impact on fine root dynamics in China's forests, and this will impact carbon and nutrient cycles driven by root turnover in the future.

Trends of soil organic matter turnover in the salt marsh of the Yangtze River estuary

Characteristics and tidal flat trends of soil organic matter （SOM） turnover were studied for the Chongmingdongtan Salt Marsh in the Yangtze River estuary, based on analyses of stable carbon isotope composition （δ^13C）, grain sizes and contents of particulate organic carbon （POC）, total nitrogen （TN） and inorganic carbon （TIC） for three cores excavated from high tidal flat, middle tidal flat and bare flat. Results demonstrate that correlations between soil POC contents and δ^13C values of the salt marsh cores were similar to those between soil organic carbon （SOC） contents and δ^13C values of the upper soil layers of mountainous soil profiles with different altitudes. SOM of salt marsh was generally younger than 100 years, and originated mainly from topsoil erosions in catchments of the Yangtze River. Correlations of TN content with C/N ratio, POC content with TIC content and POC content with δ^13C values for the cores suggest that turnover degrees of SOM from the salt marsh are overall low, and trends of SOM turnover are clear from the bare flat to the high tidal flat. Bare flat samples show characteristics of original sediments, with minor SOM turnover. Turnover processes of SOM have occurred and are discernable in the high and middle tidal flats, and the mixing degrees of SOM compartments with different turnover rates increase with evolution of the muddy tidal flat. The exclusive strata structure of alternate muddy laminae and silty laminae originated from dynamic depositional processes on muddy tidal flat was a great obstacle to vertical migration of dissolved materials, and SOM turnover was then constrained. The muddy tidal flat processes exerted direct influences on sequestration and turnover of SOM in the salt marsh, and had great constraints on the spatial and temporal characteristics of SOM turnover of the Chongmingdongtan Salt Marsh in the Yangtze River estuary.

A cross-sectional study on nurse turnover intention and influencing factors in Jiangsu Province, China

Background:Nurses'turnover has been a major concern globally,which is strongly influenced by nurses'intent to leave.However,only a few large sample studies on the predictive factors associated with nurses'turnover intention were conducted in Jiangsu Province.This study mainly aims to examine the level and factors that influence nurses to leave their work in Jiangsu Province of Eastern China.Methods:A cross-sectional survey of 1978 nurses was conducted at 48 hospitals in 14 key cities throughout Jiangsu Province.The turnover intention in nurses was measured by the scale of intent to leave the profession.The work environment of nurses was measured by the Chinese version of the Practice Environment Scale.A multiple linear regression model was applied to analyse the factors associated with turnover intention.Results:The resignation rate of nurses in the hospitals of Jiangsu Province ranged from 0.64%to 12.71%in 2016.The mean scores were 15.50±3.44 for turnover intention,and 3.06±0.51 for work environment.Involvement in hospital affairs,resource adequacy,age,professional title,year(s)working,employment type and education level were the predictors of nurse intent to leave(P<0.05).Conclusion:The work environment of nurses in hospitals must be improved in staffing and resource and nurses'involvement in hospital affairs.The current study corroborates that nurses have high turnover intention.Thus,effective measures are needed to improve nurse accomplishment,professional status,participation in hospital affairs and career planning to reduce their turnover intention.

Pool Sizes and Turnover of Soil Organic Carbon of Farmland Soil in Karst Area of Guilin

The three-pool and first-order model separates the mineralizable organic carbon into active,slow,and passive carbon pools.This paper used the model and decomposition curves of the soil organic carbon to fit the active pool and its decomposition rate,slow pool and its decomposition rate.The results showed that the size of the active pool from different profiles accounted for 2.09%-3.08% of the total soil organic carbon and the mean residue time was 3.57-17.21 days.And the size of the slow pool accounted for 3.19%-43.55% and the mean residue time was 1.12-4.94 years.Acid hydrolysis（6M HCl） was used to fractionate the passive organic carbon,which accounted for 50.83%-94.44% of the total soil organic carbon.

An experimental analysis on the turnover time of railway freight transportation based on the impact strength of factors

Based on the factors impact strength model(FISM), we studied on calculation formulas of influence strength and key elements of FISM, and analyzed the turnover time of railway freight transportation of China. The results show that wagon transfer time is the most critical factor among the three subjective factors of wagons turnover time. The FISM based analysis of wagon transfer time show that the wagon turnover time is significantly correlated with transit time with resorting. Among the seven factors of detention time of transit time with resorting, the time of waiting to departing, converging, and waiting to break-up are key factors, while the time of make-up, break-up, arrival and departure are general factors. We carried out one empirical research based on the data of Baoji East Railway Station in 2015. The results of empirical research and FISM are consistent completely.

The impact of work support and organizational career growth on nurse turnover intention in China

Objective:The paper aimed to explore the impact of work support and potential for career advancement on the nurse turnover intention in order to find an effective approach to curb high turnover.Methods:A cross-sectional survey of 526 nurses from eight teaching hospitals in Tianjin,China,was conducted to test the hypothesized multilevel model.The organizational career growth scale,work support scale,and the nurse turnover intention scale were used to measure the effect of organizational career growth and work support on nurse turnover intention.Finally,SPSS 17.0 and AMOS 17.0 software were used to analyse the relationship of these variables.Results:The score of the three scales nurse turnover,organizational career growth,and work support were 1.98±0.60,2.40±0.50,and 4.06±0.98,respectively.The total and direct effects of work support on turnover intention were
0.361(p<0.01)and
0.147(p<0.01),respectively.The indirect effect was
0.169 with a 95%bootstrap confidence interval of
0.257 to
0.102.Conclusion:The study showed a lack of work support negatively and directly associated with nurse turnover intention.Additional opportunities for career growth within the organization may strengthen the effect of work support and consequently increase the retention of qualified nursing staff.

Effects of Soil Texture and CaCO_3 on Turnover of Organic Material in Chao Soils

Decomposition experiments of 14C-labelled sickle alfalfa in chao soils of different texture and these soils after removal of CaCO3 were carried out under field and laboratory conditions respectively. The amount of residual 14C in, or 14CO2 evolved from, the soils at intervals after the beginning of decomposition were measured and the distribution of native and labelled C between particle size fractions isolated from these soils was edtermined. Results showed that contents of both labelled (14C) and non-labelled (12C) carbon decreased with increasing particle size. The enrichment factor for 14C was higher than that for 12C in the clay fraction, the reverse being true for the silt enrichment factors. The effect of soil texture on the decomposition of plant material could not be observed in chao soils when the clay content was lower than 270g kg-1, while it became obvious once CaCO3 was removed from these soils. The decomposition rate of plant material in the soil from which the native CaCO3 was removed was correlated significantly to both the clay content of the soil and the application rate of CaCO3. A preliminary correction equation describing the effect of clay and CaCO3 on the decomposition of organic material in chao soil was derived from the results obtained.

Coping Strategies Adopted by Construction Employees to Deal with the Causes and Effects of Occupational Psychological Disorders: A Study in Ghana

Coping strategies adopted to deal with psychological health issues could have influences on the general health, productivity and task performance of the employee. This study sought to investigate the coping strategies adopted by construction employees to deal with the causes and effects of occupational psychological disorders such as burnout and workaholism. To achieve this aim, the methods of focus group discussions were first employed. A total of 16 semi-structured focus group discussions were held in Ghana, with 90 construction employees. The focus group study revealed 25 coping strategies adopted as efforts to mitigate the causes and 22 coping strategies adopted as responses to moderate the effects of occupational psychological disorders. A quantitative study involving 150 construction professionals and 150 construction trade workers were also conducted in Ghana to investigate the coping strategies that were highly adopted by the two construction working groups. The findings from the study revealed that the construction professionals adopted delegating complicated tasks and seeking medical attention as the most common coping strategies to manage the causes and effects respectively. The construction trade workers were also revealed to adopt withdrawing from work duties or changing jobs and taking in more caffeinated drinks as the most common coping strategies to manage the causes and effects respectively. Exploratory factor analysis was employed, and the findings were put into the main constructs. The causes focused coping strategies were categorized under avoidance, alteration, adaptation, and acceptance. The effects focused coping strategies were also categorized under healthy and unhealthy coping strategies. This study recommends appropriate coping strategies and interventions in the construction industry such as education of construction personnel on the consequences of various coping strategies.