Early warning systems for enteral feeding intolerance in patients with stroke

Objective:The objective of this study was to construct an early warning system(EWS)to facilitate risk assessment,early identification,and appropriate treatment of enteral nutrition feeding intolerance(FI)in patients with stroke,so as to provide a reference for risk classification standards and interventions toward a complete EWSs for nursing care of stroke.Materials and Methods:Based on evidence and clinical nursing practice,a structured expert consultation method was adopted on nine experts over two rounds of consultation.Statistical analysis was used to determine the early warning index for FI in patients with stroke.Results:The expert authority coefficient was 0.89;the coefficients of variation for the two rounds of consultation were 0.088-0.312 and 0.096-0.214,respectively.There were significant differences in the Kendall’s concordance coefficient(P<0.05).Finally,22 items in five dimensions of patient age,disease,treatment,biochemical,and enteral nutrition-related factors were identified.Conclusion:The early warning index for FI in patients with a history of stroke is valid and practical.It provides a reference for the early clinical identification of FI risk.

Effects of Clenbuterol,Genotype,and Feeding Method on Bodyweight Gain of Meat Rabbits

Four-factor and three-level orthogonal experimental design(L9(34))was used in the experiment.The effects of three genotypes:Germany SAB three-bred-cross rabbits(S2),New Zealand purebred(N),and crossbred rabbits(ON);three levels of Clenbuterol treatment: 1 ng.g-1,2 ng.g-1and 3 ng.g-1,and three feeding methods:5-day,7-day and 10-day withdrawal period after two weeks of feeding Clenbuterol(CL)on bodyweight gain were evaluated.CL apparently improved average daily gain(ADG)of rabbits.70-day ADG of 5-day and 10-day withdrawal were higher than that of 7-day withdrawal,70-day ADG of S2 genotype was significantly higher than that of the control and N genotype was significant.Genotype,additive dose and feeding method had significant effects on overall-stage ADG.ON genotype,2 ng.g-1 dose and 5-day withdrawal feeding method was the best.Responses of different genotype to Clenbuterol appeared different at experimental prophase or whole experimental period.

The Application of Billings for Fertility RegulationMethod during the Period of Breastfeeding

In order to adopt Billings Method for fertility regulation during the period of breast feeding, cervical mucus was observed and monitored in 61 breast feeding mothers.Urine estrogen and /or pregnanediol were/was measured in 15 breast feeding mothers. Observations on cervical mucus during 244 months were collected. The type of dry or no mucus was observed in 75.27% fully breast feeding mothers. Constant unchanging mucus was observed in 69.39% partially breast feeding mothers. Developmental changing mucus was observed in 79.25% of mothers bottle feeding their infants. According to the record on cervical mucus within 6 months postpartum, 97.14% of the cervical mucus was consistent with normal menstrual cycles. Urine estrogen and /or pregnanediol were/was measured in 15 breast feeding mothers. The level of estrogen in urine averaged 0.08 μmol/24 h in fully breast feeding mothers and 0.14 μmol/24 h in partially breast feeding mothers.The peak level averaged 0.21 μmol/24 h in bottle feeding mothers.The pregnanediol level was determined to confirm ovulation in bottle feeding mothers. The average levels of cut off and the period of ovulation in 6 bottle feeding mother were 7 μmol/24 h and 9 μmol/24 h respectively.Measurement of urine estrogen and pregnanediol level all matched with cervical mucus appearances. Conclusion: Billings Method is a simple, scientific method for contraception without side effects during breast feeding period.

The Influence of Feeding Method on Fluidization Behavior of Fixed Fluidized Bed

An experimental installation of cold model simulation was set up to study the bed pressure drop in different regions of fixed fluidized bed reactor during top feeding and bottom feeding, respectively, at various gas velocities with the fluidization image of solid particles monitored at the same time. By comparing the changes in bed density and operating gas velocity in different regions of fixed fluidized bed reactor, the influence of top feeding and bottom feeding patterns on fluidization behavior could be investigated. The results showed that the bed density in top feeding reactor responded more stably to the change in gas velocity along with the advantage of working in a wider range of operating gas velocities. Based on this study, it is concluded that existing bottom feeding reactor configurations cannot meet the fluidization requirements; and optimization of bottom feeding reactor will be needed.

Super-strong and Intrinsically Fluorescent Silkworm Silk from Carbon Nanodots Feeding

Fluorescent silk is fundamentally important for the development of future tissue engineering scaffolds.Despite great progress in the preparation of a variety of colored silks,fluorescent silk with enhanced mechanical properties has yet to be explored.In this study,we report on the fabrication of intrinsically super-strong fluorescent silk by feeding Bombyx mori silkworm carbon nanodots(CNDs).The CNDs were incorporated into silk fibroin,hindering the conformation transformation,confining crystallization,and inducing orientation of mesophase.The resultant silk exhibited super-strong mechanical properties with breaking strength of 521.9±82.7 MPa and breaking elongation of 19.2±4.3%,improvements of 55.1%and 53.6%,respectively,in comparison with regular silk.The CNDs-reinforced silk displayed intrinsic blue fluorescence when exposed to 405 nm laser and exhibited no cytotoxic effect on cells,suggesting that multi-functional silks would be potentially useful in bioimaging and other applications.

Finite Element Modeling and Design of Rectangular Patch Antenna with Different Feeding Techniques

The finite element modeling of three dimensional structures is important for researchers especially in the field of antennas and other domains of electromagnetic waves. This paper presents a finite element calculations and numerical analysis for the microstrip patch antennas. In this paper, two different designs have been modelled and analyzed and both designs are based on the rectangular patches. The feeding point of one design is inside the patch while the other design contains feeding point outside the patch is T shaped. The computational analysis showed some interesting results for radiation pattern and far field domain. For these designs, the characteristic impedance taken is 50 Ω and the operating frequency domain is 1.4 to 1.7 GHz. The microstrip patch antennas are encapsulated in the inert spherical atmosphere of 20 mm thickness containing air inside it.

Consistency evaluation of the current distribution of short-circuit tests in AT feeding systems for high-speed railways

To improve the accuracy of fault location system, several short-circuit tests need to be conducted before being brought into service in autotransformer （AT） feeding systems for high-speed railways in China. However, no systematic algorithm yet exists to evaluate the consistency of the current distribution of short-circuit tests. A methodology is proposed in this paper to address this problem. Based on Kirchhoff’s current law and the generalized method of symmetrical components, the current deviations of the AT feeding systems are analysed and then normalized with the short-circuit current as they vary greatly with systems and short-circuit sites. It is also found that the short-circuit current varies with the calculation methods, and its unbiased standard deviation also reflects the consistency of the short-circuit test. The mean and maximum of the current deviations, as well as the unbiased standard deviation of the short-circuit current, show the consistency of the short-circuit test from different aspects,although the last two items are highly relevant. Therefore, a unified evaluation index is defined as the sum of the three items, and then applied in two case studies to test its performance. The results show that, the proposed index canclearly distinguish the consistency of the short-circuit tests and may be used to sort the short-circuit tests for fault location systems. Besides, some short-circuit tests may have very poor consistency indices, and thus are not applicable to the tuning of fault location systems. In the authors’ opinion, the determination of the threshold of the proposed index needs further investigation.

A Two-stage Tuning Method of Servo Parameters for Feed Drives in Machine Tools

Based on the evaluation of dynamic performance for feed drives in machine tools, this paper presents a two-stage tuning method of servo parameters. In the first stage, the evaluation of dynamic performance, parameter tuning and optimization on a mechatronic integrated system simulation platform of feed drives are performed. As a result, a servo parameter combination is acquired. In the second stage, the servo parameter combination from the first stage is set and tuned further in a real machine tool whose dynamic performance is measured and evaluated using the cross grid encoder developed by Heidenhain GmbH. A case study shows that this method simplifies the test process effectively and results in a good dynamic performance in a real machine tool.

OPTIMAL MODEL OF COMBINED PHASE CENTER FOR HORN FEEDS AND ITS COMPUTATIONAL METHOD

A definition of combined phase center for horn feeds is given.Formulas of E-planeand H-plane combined phase center for conical horns and the corresponding Optimal model arepresented,and a fast optimization method for solving this model is described.By using thismethod,the phase center of corrugated horn is discussed and calculated,and the variation of thephase center with distance and operating frequency is given.

Design Scheme of New Type Shell Raising and Feeding System of Medium-large Caliber Naval Gun

The medium -large caliber naval gun is still playing an important role in modern war. The development of highly automatic Shell Raising and Feeding System (SRFS) in the world has been briefly outlined. Several typical SRFS of medium-large caliber naval guns have been analyzed. A re-design of the system is introduced, in which systematic design method has been used to demonstrate its feasibility. The design goal of the system is to realize rapid shell feeding, with application to many types of shells, quick change of shell types , accurate and reliable feeding operation, simple mechanical structure and easy realization of shell withdrawing.

Toxic and Antifeedant Effects of Different Pesticidal Plant Extracts against Beet Armyworm (Spodoptera exigua)

The beet armyworm(BAW),Spodoptera exigua(Lepidoptera:Noctuidae)is a highly destructive pest of vegetables and field crops.Management of beet armyworm primarily relies on synthetic pesticides,which is threatening the beneficial community and environment.Most importantly,the BAW developed resistance to synthetic pesticides with making it difficult to manage.Therefore,alternative and environment-friendly pest management tactics are urgently required.The use of pesticidal plant extracts provides an effective way for a sustainable pest management program.To evaluate the use of pesticidal plant extracts against BAW,we selected six plant species(Lantana camara,Aloe vera,Azadirachta indica,Cymbopogon citratus,Nicotiana tabacum,and Ocimum basilicum)for initial screening experiment.Four out of six plant species such as A.indica,N.tabacum,C.citratus and O.basilicum showed promising mortality of more than 50%.Therefore,we selected these four plant extracts for the subsequent experiments.Through contact bioassay,A.indica showed high mortality 66.63%,followed by the N.tabacum 53.33%,at 10%w/v concentration.Similarly,N.tabacum showed the highest mortality rate,66%at 10%w/v concentration,followed by the A.indica 46%through feeding bioassay.Furthermore,the feeding deterrence assay showed that C.citratus had a high antifeedant index(−50)followed by A.indica(−39),and N.tabacum(−28).In living plant assay,the N.tabacum extract showed a low mean damage score 3.6 on living cotton plant followed by C.citratus 4.5 and A.indica 5.5.Hence,extracts of three plant species provided promising results against the BAW,which can minimize the use of synthetic chemicals,particularly for small landholding farmers.Further studies are also required to evaluate the effects of these plant extract against BAW on cotton plants under field conditions to optimize the further use.

Comprehensive Evaluation of New Maize Varieties for Grain and Fodder Based on Membership Function Method

To screen new maize(Zea mays L.)varieties suitable for food and fodder dual-purpose in Du'an Yao Autonomous County of Guangxi,the agronomic characters,yield and quality indexes of 12 new maize varieties were measured,and the correlation between various indexes were analyzed,and the comprehensive performance of tested varieties was evaluated by membership function method.The results showed that Guidan 671 had the highest grain yield and whole-plant biomass at 10908 and 49965 kg/hm^(2),respectively,and the second was Zhaoyu 215 with a grain yield and whole-plant biomass of 10086 and 47175 kg/hm^(2),respectively.Grain yield was highly significantly positively correlated with ear diameter and 100-grain weight(P<0.01),and significantly correlated with whole-plant biomass,starch content,ear length and grain number per row(P<0.05);and the whole-plant biomass was highly significantly correlated with the number of grains per row(P<0.01),and significantly correlated with starch content,panicle length,plant height and panicle height(P<0.05).The comprehensive performance scores of the tested varieties from high to low were Guidan 671,Zhaoyu 215,Guidan 669,Guidan 6208,Guidan 666,Guidan 6205,Guidan 660,Guidan 6203,Guidan 6206,Guidan 162,Guidan 668 and Guidan 673.According to the values of membership function and combined with various indexes,Guidan 671 and Zhaoyu 215 had good comprehensive performance,and could be used as the first choice for food and fodder dual-purpose maize varieties in Du'an Yao Autonomous County.

多感官刺激联合间歇经口至食管管饲法在老年脑卒中吞咽障碍的应用

目的观察多感官刺激联合间歇经口至食管管饲法在老年脑卒中吞咽障碍的应用效果。方法选择2021年2月至2022年10月收治的脑卒中吞咽障碍患者为研究对象,随机分为对照组、观察A组、观察B组,对照组在常规治疗基础上,采用鼻留置胃管管饲;观察A组在常规治疗基础上,采用间歇经口至食管管饲法;观察B组在观察A组基础上,加用多感官刺激方案。3组均干预8周,在干预前和干预8周后观察洼田饮水试验、标准吞咽功能评价量表(SSA)、吞咽困难生活质量量表(SWAL-QOL)、体质指数(BMI)、营养风险筛查表2002(NRS2002)以及舌骨喉复合体动度检查(舌骨上移距离、甲状软骨上移距离、舌骨前移距离、甲状软骨前移距离)。结果干预8周后,除对照组SWAL-QOL评分以外,其余3组洼田饮水试验、SSA评分和SWAL-QOL评分优于干预前(P<0.05)。而观察B组在洼田饮水试验与其余2组差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),SSA评分低于其余2组,SWAL-QOL评分高于对照组(P<0.05),与观察A组差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。在营养情况方面,干预8周后3组BMI均高于干预前,NRS2002均低于干预前(P<0.05)。组间比较,3组BMI差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);在NRS2002方面,观察A组和观察B组均低于对照组(P<0.05),而观察A组和观察B组之间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。在喉复合体动度检查方面,干预8周后,除对照组舌骨上移距离,其余3组各项距离高于干预前(P<0.05)。观察B组舌骨上移距离、舌骨前移距离高于其余2组(P<0.05),甲状软骨前移距离、甲状软骨上移距离仅高于对照组,与观察A组差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论多感官刺激联合间歇经口至食管管饲法作用于脑卒中吞咽障碍患者,能够改善患者的吞咽功能,提高生活质量,值得进一步研究。

喂料方式对粉体气力分级性能的影响及成因分析

【目的】为了提高粉体气力分级设备的分级性能,研究螺旋喂料和振动喂料2种不同喂料方式对气力分级性能的影响。【方法】采用高速摄像机对不同喂料方式下粉体下落运动(喂料)进行图像采集,运用图像处理技术对采集到的图像进行处理,通过图像观察法和引入喂料时连续时刻粉体面积分布变异系数分析喂料方式对粉体分散性的影响;通过碳酸钙粉体分级实验方法探讨喂料方式对分级性能的影响。【结果】相较于螺旋喂料,振动喂料有利于粉体解团,提升粉体喂料时的均匀性和分散性;相较于螺旋喂料方式,振动喂料有助于提升气力分级机的分级性能,尤其在较高的喂料速度下,分级性能提升效果显著,喂料速度为18 kg/h时,分级精度提升185%,旁路值减小75%,“鱼钩效应”峰值点高度降低29%;粒径小于10μm的超细颗粒在粗粉中占比从螺旋喂料时的11.4%减小到振动喂料时的4.4%,粗粉中细粉占比大幅减小,粗细颗粒分离效果得到改善。【结论】螺旋喂料不适合输运黏性较强、流动性较差的粉体,如碳酸钙;振动喂料可改善粉体材料的喂料均匀性和分散程度,有利于提高气力分级机分级性能。

重氮试验在盲插鼻肠管时末端位置判断中的应用效果研究

目的探讨重氮试验在盲插鼻肠管后末端位置判断的应用效果。方法采用便利抽样法,选取2021年9月至2022年1月山东省某三级甲等医院重症监护病房(intensive care unit,ICU)进行盲插鼻肠管术的216名患者为研究对象。采用重氮试验、测pH值、观察回抽液性质三种方式预测鼻肠管末端位置,以X线摄片为判定的金标准,确认鼻肠管末端位置。比较重氮试验及其他两种方式预测的准确率、敏感度、特异度、阳性结果预测值(positive predictive value,PPV)、阴性结果预测值(negative predictive value,NPV)、阳性似然比(positive likelihood ratio,PLR)、阴性似然比(negative likelihood ratio,NLR)等指标。结果pH值判断的敏感度为97.7%、NPV为84.0%、NLR为0.045;回抽液性质判断的特异度为82.9%、PPV为95.5%、PLR为4.912;重氮试验方式的准确率为92.6%、Kappa系数为0.755;受试者操作特征曲线下面积最大为0.870,95%CI(0.793,0.947)。结论重氮试验判断盲插鼻肠管末端位置的准确率、一致性较好,具有较高的临床预测价值。

“以学生为中心”的教学模式改革探索——以《饲料营养研究方法与技术》为例

“以学生为中心”的教学模式是20世纪50年代提出的教学理念。《饲料营养研究方法与技术》是硕士必修课,硕士生在完成学习后应熟练掌握动物营养与饲料科学专业相关的试验方法与技术。该文主要对“以学生为中心”的教学方法进行了介绍,同时对“以学生为中心”的教学方法在硕士生《饲料营养研究方法与技术》课程的教学设计和教学模式中的应用和改进,如问题式教学、案例式教学、独立进行的实验教学等进行了详述,并阐述了改革效果,《饲料营养研究方法与技术》教学改为“以学生为中心”模式后,学生自主学习和独立科研能力得到了很好的锻炼,教学改革效果显著。

基于护理风险管理理论的康复科鼻饲患者非计划性拔管风险评估指标体系构建

目的构建科学的康复科鼻饲患者非计划性拔管(UEX)风险指标体系,为预防鼻饲患者非计划性拔管提供依据。方法通过文献回顾制定出康复科鼻饲患者UEX风险评估指标体系初稿,并应用德尔菲法对17名专家进行2轮函询,采用层次分析法确定各指标权重。结果2轮专家问卷回收有效率分别为100%、94.1%,专家权威程度分别为0.94、0.91,肯德尔协调系数分别为0.558和0.534(均P<0.001),最终形成康复科鼻饲患者UEX风险指标体系,包括一级指标3项,二级指标24项,三级指标60项。结论基于德尔菲法的康复科鼻饲患者UEX风险指标体系具有科学性和合理性,对指引临床工作具有重要意义。

饲料卫生与安全学课程思政教学探索与实践

课程思政是我国的特色育人方式之一。实施课程思政是培养德才兼备的新时代农业科技人才的重要途径。本文以饲料卫生与安全学课程为例,分析其课程思政教学的必要性,介绍课程中蕴含的思政元素,并探讨了课程思政实践的方法与途径。以期在学习专业知识的基础上,将专业情怀、科学精神、职业道德和创新精神有效地融入课堂教学中,为动物科学专业课课程改革提供借鉴,为培养高素质的技术技能人才奠定基础。

199例学龄前儿童龋齿的影响因素研究

目的探讨学龄前儿童患龋的影响因素,为预防龋齿提供参考依据。方法选取2020年3月1日至6月30日该院口腔科就医1~6岁学龄前儿童199例,根据是否龋齿将研究对象分为病例组(119例)和对照组(80例)。比较2组喂养方式、断夜奶年龄等因素,并分析学龄前儿童患龋的影响因素。结果2组在年龄、身高方面比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),在性别、体重、家庭所在地,家庭人均年收入方面比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。2组在喂养方式、断夜奶年龄、断母乳年龄、口腔检查目的、第1次去口腔医院就诊年龄比较,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。断母乳年龄、第1次去口腔医院就诊年龄和口腔检查目的是预防龋齿的影响因素(P<0.05)。结论断母乳年龄、第1次去口腔医院就诊年龄和口腔检查目的是预防龋齿的影响因素。尽早看牙医,及时治疗,同时注意口腔卫生,及时采取干预措施,可降低学龄前儿童龋齿发生率。

配合饲料中64种药物超高效液相色谱-三重四极杆串联质谱检测方法的研究

[目的]建立同时检测配合饲料中64种药物的超高效液相色谱-三重四极杆串联质谱(ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry,UHPLC-MS/MS)法,提高非法添加物的检测效率。[方法]采用Waters HSS T3型色谱柱(2.1 mm×100 mm,1.8μm)进行分离,流动相A为0.1%甲酸水溶液,流动相B为含0.1%甲酸的乙腈溶液,梯度洗脱,流速为0.40 mL/min,进样量为2μL;采用电喷雾离子源正离子扫描模式进行检测,多反应监测模式进行信号采集。比较4种样品提取溶剂以及2种固相萃取柱处理对目标药物的回收率,确定样品前处理的最佳方法。利用建立的UHPLC-MS/MS法对宁夏回族自治区不同来源的100批次配合饲料样品进行64种药物检测。[结果]配合饲料样品均质后,用含0.2%甲酸的乙腈水溶液(乙腈∶水=8∶2,V/V)提取,利用Oasis PRiME HLB型固相萃取柱对样品净化,多数目标药物的回收率在60%以上。64种药物在浓度为5.0~200.0μg/L的范围内线性关系良好,相关系数(R)均大于0.99;不同药物的定量限在5.0~10.0μg/kg;阳性添加5.0、20.0、50.0μg/kg 3个浓度的平均回收率在41.00%~120.49%,批内相对标准偏差(RSD)在0.54%~15.94%,批间RSD在1.25%~13.64%。在100个批次的配合饲料样品中均未检出目标药物。[结论]建立的UHPLC-MS/MS法线性关系良好、回收率高、精密度好,具有较高的重现性和较好的可操作性,可用于配合饲料中非法添加64种药物的筛查。