Subjective Well-Being among Empty-Nest Elderly and Its Related Factors:Taking Guangdong Province as an Example

Objective:To explore the the status of happiness and social support of empty nesters in Guangdong Province and analyze the relationship between the above two variables.Method:Totally 1148 empty nesters(776 males,734 females)from 5 cities in Guangdong province are selected by stratified random sampling and conducted with Memorial University of Newfoundland Scale of Happiness(MUNSH),Social Support Rating Scale(SSRS),Mini-Mental State Examination(MMSE)and a self-edited questionnaire on the general information.Results:The total score of MUNSH is(10.20±6.37).The total score and the scores of the 3 dimensions of objective support,subject support,the use of support in SSRS are(30.79±5.51),(9.24±2.37),(19.38±4.95)and(9.22±2.15)respectively.Multiple variable linear regression show that are positively associated with the total scores of MUNSH(B=.227,.115,.098,.158,.082,respectively,P<.05).was negatively associated with total score of MUNSH(B=-.097,P<.05).Conclusion:It suggests that the sort of leisure,gender,progress rank,family characteristics,such as family economic condition and father’s career may be related factors of undergraduates life satisfaction.

Analysis on Long-Term Care and Influencing Factors of Empty-Nest Differently Abled Elderly People in China —Based on the Data from the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey

Purpose: This study aimed to understand the actual needs of empty-nest differently abled elderly people and analyze their long-term care status including the factors affecting choice of care mode so adequate resources can be allocated to meet their healthcare needs. Methods: An empty-nest group was compared with a non-empty-nest group based on data from the 2014 Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey. Individual characteristics, family characteristics, and sociological factors were considered as independent variables, and long-term care model was the dependent variable in the three binary logistic regression method. Results: Age, gender, marriage, and disability were the most important factors influencing the choice of long-term care mode, including the willingness of the differently abled elderly. Family care can no longer meet the needs of the severely disabled elderly. Long-term care for such elderly people should be undertaken by professional and specialized social institutions. Conclusion: Multi-level services should be provided according to the elderly peoples’ needs, and the skill and expertise of professional personnel of care institutions should be strengthened. The government should deploy fund-raising initiatives, actively use the power of non-governmental organizations, and strive to resolve the financial issues faced by the empty-nested elderly people with disability.

The Study on Community Health Education of Empty Nest Elderly

Objective:To study the demands of community health education on the empty nest elderly and analyse the related factors. Methods:The 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey(SF-36), activities of daily living (ADL) and the community health services satisfaction scale were used to investigate the community health service demand and supply of 358 empty nesters. Results:The results showed that the ability of self-care was worse and needed more nursing or caring from others in the empty nest elderly;the empty nest elderly, in comparison with the non-empty-nest elderly, had lower physical and mental scores. With the age changing, the requirements of community health services were different in empty nest elderly and the satisfaction of community health service was low in the empty nest (39.1%). Conclusions: Empty nest elderly generally needed the different degree of community health education demands. The utilization rates of community health education were low.

The relationship between diabetes‑related distress and self‑management in empty‑nest elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus:The mediating effect of self‑efficacy

Objective:The aim of this study is to investigate the mediating effect of self‑efficacy between diabetes‑related distress and self‑management in empty‑nest elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM).Methods:A total of 347 empty‑nest elderly patients with T2DM from Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine and Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University were investigated by a self‑designed General Information Questionnaire,the Self‑efficacy for diabetes,the Diabetes Distress Scale,and the summary of diabetes self‑care activities.Diabetes‑related distress and diabetes self‑management were tested for correlation analysis with self‑efficacy.Meditational analyses were conducted to test the hypothesized mediating effects of diabetes self‑efficacy as an intervention variable between diabetes distress and self‑management.Results:About 68.59%of patients suffered from diabetes‑related distress.The results of bivariate correlations revealed that self‑efficacy was negatively correlated with diabetes‑related distress(r=–0.627,P<0.01)and positively correlated with self‑management(r=0.356,P<0.01).The relationship effects of diabetes distress on self‑management were fully mediated by self‑efficacy.Conclusions:Diabetes‑related distress prevails in empty‑nest elderly patients with T2DM.Self‑efficacy plays a mediate role between diabetes‑related distress and self‑management.Psychological intervention is contributed to reducing diabetes‑related distress.

Nest代数上的右*-核值保持映射

设H 为实可分的Hillbert空间 ,N为H 上的完备Nest,algN为B(H) 上的Nest代数 ,若 φ是algN 到B (H) 上的线性映射且对任意T∈B(H) ,有φ(T) (kerT ) ranT ,则称 φ为Nest代数algN上的右 -核值保持映射 .证明了若对于任意N ∈ N ,dimN ≠ 1,则algN上关于弱算子拓扑连续的右 -核值保持映射 φ为广义右 -内导子 ,即存在A ,B∈B(H) ,对任意的T ∈algN ,有 φ(T) =TA+BT .

基于有序Logit-ISM模型的农村空巢老人生活质量满意度的研究

提升农村空巢老人生活质量满意度是切实解决农村养老问题的落脚点。基于山东省546位农村空巢老人的调查数据,首先运用有序Logit模型确定了农村空巢老人生活质量满意度的影响因素,然后运用ISM模型解析出了各影响因素间的关联关系和层次结构。研究结果表明:身体健康状况、文体活动参与度、配偶状况、家庭和睦度、家庭年收入、对生活的担忧度、政府与社会关心度和养老模式等因素对农村空巢老人生活质量满意度有显著的影响。其中,对生活的担忧度和政府与社会关心度是表层直接因素,文体活动参与度、家庭和睦度和养老模式是中层间接因素,身体健康状况、配偶状况和家庭年收入是深层根源因素。

空巢老人失能状况及影响因素的城乡差异——基于2018 CLHLS数据的实证分析

[目的]分析我国空巢老人失能状况及影响因素的城乡差异,为预防老年人失能及完善老龄社会政策提供参考。[方法]基于2018年中国老年健康调查数据(CLHLS),选取≥65岁的空巢老人为研究对象,利用Katz指数量表及二分类Logistic回归模型对4488名空巢老人失能状况及影响因素进行分析。[结果]空巢老人总体失能率为13.4%,城市空巢老人失能率(14.6%)高于农村空巢老人(12.2%),轻度失能者占比最高(9.9%),洗澡困难是失能老人最易遇到的自理难题。高龄、自评健康差、患多种慢性病、参与社交活动频率低是城乡空巢老人失能的共同危险因素(P<0.05)。吸烟、过去从事体力劳动、未每年体检是农村空巢老人失能特有危险因素,受教育水平高则是其失能的保护因素(P<0.05)。[结论]与一般老年群体相比,我国空巢老人失能率较高,且失能状况存在显著城乡差异。应制定针对性预防和社会救助措施,完善老年照护服务支持体系,协同保障空巢老年人身心健康。

Nest代数上的保反零积线性映射

给出了Nest代数algN上的弱连续的保反零积线性映射的形式

NEST代数的某些结果

简要介绍Nest代数上取得的一些研究新进展．

Nest代数某些理想中的秩一算子

设N是可分复Hilbert空间上的完备Nest，文［1］讨论了Nest代数a的n重Jacobson根．并给出了一个子集TNalg．本文将证明：tn是alg的理想，且特征化了Tn中的秩一算子．

Nest代数的广义导子和双边局部约当导子

证明Nest代数的广义导子是广义内导子以及Nest代数的双边局部约当导子是内导子.

The empty nests of elderly only-child parents in urban China-an analysis based on survey data from five provinces

This paper studies the status of empty nest only-child families in urban China,using data about these families taken from a 2015 survey conducted by the Institute of Population and Labor Economics,Chinese Academy of Social Sciences.Factors that determine the timing of empty nest periods and their duration for only-child parents are also analyzed.The data shows that more than half of the only-child parents surveyed in 2015 lived in empty nests.Some of these parents had been empty-nesters for as many as 25 years.During the life cycle of families,the empty nest status of elderly only-child parents shows different characteristics at different stages,as the only-children begin attending universities,start to work,get married,and have children of their own.There are empty nest periods in only-child families when the only-child leaves the parents for several years and periods when the child returns home and lives with parents for years.The living arrangements of only-child parents depend mainly on changes in the life needs of their only-children.Intergenerational support is focused on meeting the needs of only-children.

空巢老人对社区医疗护理需求的质性研究

目的探讨空巢老人对社区医疗护理的具体需求,为空巢老人的社区健康管理提供参考信息。方法采用质性研究方法 ,以半结构式的开放性访谈问卷对25名城市社区空巢老人进行个体化的深入访谈,使用内容分析法分析资料。结果空巢老人对社区医疗护理的需求包括基本医疗护理服务和具有社区特色的医疗护理服务,这些需求可以通过改善社区医疗条件、完善管理制度、提高服务质量和水平等途径来实现。结论针对空巢老人对社区医疗护理的需求,应拓展社区医疗护理服务项目和内容,为其提供个体化的服务。

城市社区空巢老人内心感受探讨

目的:探讨空巢老人日常生活中的真实感受,以便帮助并指导空巢老人促进心理健康,提高生活质量。方法:采用定性研究方法,以半结构式的开放性访谈问卷对21位城市社区空巢老人进行个体化的深入访谈,使用定性资料的内容分析法进行资料分析。结果:在情感方面,有些空巢老人表现出适应、自立、充实、乐观、知足的正性情绪,有些老人表现出被遗忘感、失落感、烦闷感、孤独感、无助感、无望感、压抑感、拖累感等负性情绪,空巢老人的情绪与幸福感密切相关,多方面原因相互作用影响老人的内心感受。结论:空巢老人的情绪复杂多样,针对其产生的原因,老人家属及社区人员应引起重视,采取积极措施减少负性情绪的发生。

北京城市空巢老人休闲生活满意度研究——以北京市三大典型社区为例

近年来,我国人口老龄化问题突显,空巢老人的比例在逐年迅速上升。充实和丰富空巢老人的日常休闲生活,乃是对他们最好的精神慰藉。本研究通过对北京三大典型社区60岁以上老人的抽样调查,得到605个有效样本,运用回归分析的方法,找出影响空巢老人休闲生活满意度,来自休闲服务保障供给、不同休闲方式和休闲花费3个层面的9个影响因素。研究表明:老年人自身休闲生活总体较为满意;社区休闲服务供给对空巢老人最为重要;目前空巢老人多选择低成本、小活动半径的休闲方式;这一满意度基本不受其家庭人均月收入水平的变动影响,但却与家庭收入用于休闲生活的多少直接相关。

空巢老人对社区就医状况的满意度评价及其影响因素的质性研究

目的探讨空巢老人对目前社区就医状况的满意度及其影响因素,为满足空巢老人社区就医需求提供参考。方法采用定性研究方法,以半结构式的开放性访谈问卷对25位城市社区空巢老人进行个体化的深入访谈,使用内容分析法分析资料。结果多数空巢老人首选到社区卫生服务机构就医,就医目的主要是常规取药和常见疾病的诊治。空巢老人对社区就医满意方面的评价包括社区机构距离近,就医程序简单,可以出诊和随访,对社区医护人员比较信任;不满意方面的评价包括社区机构硬件条件的欠缺和软件服务质量有待提高。影响老人到社区机构就医的因素有便捷性、信任度、疾病种类及对社区机构的了解程度。结论空巢老人愿意接受社区卫生服务,对社区就医现状基本满意,希望今后积极发展社区卫生服务,加强社区机构软硬件建设,为空巢老人看病就医提供便捷。

构建我国城市空巢老人社会支持系统的设想

为了切实解决好对空巢老人的照料问题，促进空巢老人的身心健康，从个人、家庭、社区、社会以及政府部门等环节阐述了构建我国城市空巢老人社会支持系统的设想，主要包括：空巢老人应提前做好心理准备、进行自我心理调试、保持与社会的接触；家庭应成为社会支持系统的基础，倡导老年人的“夕阳婚”；社会应以社区服务为依托、以机构养老为补充、发挥医护人员的关键作用、倡导良好的社会风尚；政府部门应逐步建立健全的养老保险制度，探究适合中国国情的养老模式。

4种方法检测牛奶等样品中微量隐孢子虫卵囊的比较

目的 评价4种方法检测牛奶等样品中隐孢子虫卵囊污染情况的应用价值。 方法 利用Nested PCR、PCR、饱和蔗糖溶液漂浮及金胺酚-改良抗酸染色4种方法,分别对36份牛奶、73份奶牛粪便及10份污水样品中鼠隐孢子虫卵囊进行检测。 结果 Nested PCR方法的检出率分别为11.11％、23.29％和0,均高于其他3种方法。结论4种检测方法中,Nested PCR敏感性最高、特异性强、稳定性好,可用于微量隐孢子虫卵囊检测。

城市空巢老人社会支持、应对方式与主观幸福感的关系

采用问卷调查法,以西安城区416名老人(相对空巢166人,绝对空巢106人,非空巢144人)为研究对象,探讨城市空巢老人社会支持、应对方式与其主观幸福感的关系.通过描述性统计、单因素方差分析、Pearson相关分析、结构方程模型进行数据分析,得到:绝对空巢组社会支持和主观幸福感水平最低,更倾向于采取消极应对方式.主观支持、解决问题和退避对空巢老人的主观幸福感有直接预测作用(权重分别为0.245,0.230,-0.290),主观支持、客观支持、支持利用度对空巢老人的主观幸福感有间接预测作用(权重分别为-0.035,0.101和0.113),客观支持和支持利用度仅通过应对方式对其主观幸福感产生间接影响,消极应对方式对主观幸福感的影响大于积极应对方式.

北京市社区空巢老人健康状况及日常生活能力的研究

目的了解空巢老人的健康状况,为社区卫生保健服务和社区照顾的投入以及制订政策提高空巢老人的生存质量提供信息。方法采用描述性研究设计,从北京市抽取了64个社区的796名空巢老人,应用一般资料问卷、老人健康评估问卷、日常生活能力评估量表进行调查。结果 84.55%的空巢老人患有1种及以上的慢性病;各系统/器官中异常率在前3位的是:五官(耳朵)的异常率为84.80%、循环系统的异常率为69.10%、五官(喉咙)的异常率为69.10%。日常生活能力评估量表总分为(98.35±9.29)分,98.48%的空巢老人生活基本自理。年龄,有无眼睛、呼吸系统、神经系统的异常和是否患糖尿病、脑卒中为空巢老人日常生活能力的影响因素。结论社区服务应发展居家照护,加强慢性病的预防和护理,提高空巢老人的生活质量。