Finite element analysis of the end cutting process for U-section parts with high-strength steel

This paper presents a constitutive framework for finite element analysis of the truck beam end cutting process.For this purpose,a finite strain anisotropic elasto-plastic model,which takes nonlinear kinematic and isotropic hardening into account,is presented.Three factors are investigated to determine the effect on cutting quality:radius of cutting tools,strength of materials and relative clearance in cutting.The recommendations made herein are based on the simulation results.

FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSES OF THE EXTRUSION FLOWS OF BOGER FLUIDS WITH END-DRAWING AND GRAVITY-DRAWING

The spinning flow of Boger fluids and the gravity-drawing extrusion flow of a Newtonianas well as a Boger fluid have been simulated by using the stream-line finite element method and thetechnique of matching the finite element solutions with those of one-dimensional spinning equations.The recoverable shear strain is proved not to be a basic parameter in characterising thespinning flow of Boger fluids.For Newtonian fluids this technique predicts the experimental jetshape accurately.For Boger fluids,the numerical simulation agrees with the experimental data of spin-ning flow reported by Sridhar et al.,but seems to give an insufficient swelling and over contractionof the jets when drawn by its own weight,compared with the experimental results of Trang andYeow.It implies that the Oldroyd-B model fitting the viscometric-flow data fails to describeaccurately the elasticity and extensional viscosity in the extrusion flow of Boger fluids with gravi-ty-drawing.

Determination of the Orthotropic Material Behavior of Stator Bars and of the Material Characteristics of the Space Brackets

The end windings of generators are excited to vibrations due to electromagnetic forces which can cause severe damage （especially in case of resonance） and noise. To avoid this, it is important to predict the natural frequencies and modes of the end windings with finite elements during the design process. Hence, a material model of the complete stator bar is necessary. This paper shows the development of such a material model. The composite structure of a stator bar is quite complex and makes it impossible to provide a quick calculation of the eigenvalues. That is the reason for using a suitable, homogeneously, geometry based solid model. Special attention was paid to the experimental determination of the material characteristics of the orthotropic composite space brackets. The numerical results have been evaluated against measurements. Eigenvalues, Young＇s modulus, and shear modulus have been experimentally investigated.

Chromosome Based Strategies to Decipher the Structure and Evolution of the Hexaploid Wheat Genome: Chromosome 3B,a Case Study

With 17% of all crop area, wheat is the staple food for 40% of the world’s population. Improvement in bread wheat quality and yield in the context of sustainable agriculture is needed in the next decades to meet human

Development of a Full Parameterized FE-modeling Tool for Efficient Vibration Investigations on End Windings of Turbo- and Hydro-Generators

End windings of generators are excited to vibrations due to electromagnetic forces which can cause severe damage and noise. To avoid this, it is important to predict the natural frequencies and modes of the end windings with finite elements. Due to the complex structure and unknown boundary conditions, the conventionally calculation of stator end windings has been very difficult and time consuming up to now. This paper describes the development of a full parameterized modeling tool, which allows a quick calculation of natural frequencies during the design phase of the generator. To keep the computing time low, it is important to find a way to get exact calculation results without detailed modeling of all pans. Additionally, special attention was paid to the active part, which has been replaced by spring-damper elements, and the determination of their stiffness via experimental modal analysis combined with finite element calculations.

Finite element analysis on temperature field and residual stress of welding assembly for I-beam and end-plate

Based on full scale model of 1-beam and end-plate welding assembly with medium plate, welding temperature field and residual stress were simulated, infrared thermometers were employed to measure the real-time temperature Jbr verification purposes. Results show that the measured thermal cycle curves match well with the simulation result. Simulation results of welding residual stress indicate that the values of longitudinal and transverse stress on the upper surface of the plate are higher than the normal stress; higher tensile stresses exist at the end of the web weld toes and in the central area of the flange weld toes. The dangerous zones are located at the central areas of weld toes of the flange welds and near weld toes of the web welds.

Evaluation of Stiffened End-Plate Moment Connection through Optimized Artificial Neural Network

This study involves the development of an analytical model for understanding the behavior of the extended, stiffened end-plate moment connections with eight high strength bolts. Modeling of the connection as an assemblage of finite elements (FE) used for load deformation analysis, with material, and contact nonlinearities are developed. Results from the FE mathematical model are verified with results from the ANSYS computer program as well as with the test results. Sensitivity and feasibility studies are carried out. Significant geometry and force related variables are introduced;and by varying the geometric variables of the connections within a practical range, a matrix of test cases is obtained. Maximum end-plate separation, maximum bending stresses in the end-plate, and the forces from the connection bolts for these test cases are obtained. From the FE analysis, a database is produced to collect results for the artificial neural network analysis. Finally, salient features of the optimized Artificial Neural Network (ANN) via Genetic Algorithm (GA) analysis are introduced and implemented with the aim of predicting the overall behavior of the connection.

Design strategy for detent force reduction of permanent magnet linear synchronous motor

The detent force of a permanent magnet linear synchronous motor （PMLSM） is analyzed and the corresponding optimization methods are presented to reduce it. The detent force, which is divided into two components, i.e. resulting from the end effect and resulting from the slotting effect, can be analyzed respectively by the finite element method （FEM）. To reduce the detent force arising from the end effect, several optimal design techniques are utilized, namely, adopting the suitable length and end shape of the primary armature. The detent force resulting from the slotting effect is reduced by means of skewing and adjusting the width of the magnets mounted on the secondary armature, and adopting the fractional slots of the primary armature. The validity of the analytical detent force predictions and the effectiveness of the detent force reduction techniques are verified by the experimental measurements.

Performance Analysis of Nested-loop Secondary Linear Doubly-fed Machine Considering End Effects

Nested-loop secondary linear doubly-fed machine(NLS-LDFM) is a novel linear machine evolved from rotary brushless doubly-fed induction machine, which has a good application prospect in linear metro. In order to analyze the performance of NLS-LDFM, the mechanism and action rules of end effects are investigated in this paper. Firstly, the mechanism of static and dynamic end effects is analyzed in aspect of direct coupling, winding asymmetry and transient secondary current. Furthermore, based on the winding theory for short primary linear machines, the machine parameters are established qualitatively considering pulsating magnetic field of NLS-LDFM. Finally, the NLS-LDFM performance analysis is supplemented by the finite element algorithm(FEA) simulation and experiments under different operating conditions.

Restructuring and the Proper Syntactic Analysis

This paper aims to make it clear that syntactic analysis should be based on the lexical information given in the lexicon.For this purpose,lexical information of the syntactic argument is to be taken the form like[VP NKP,_,DKP,AKP]for the ditransitive verb give in English.The argument structure projects to syntactic structure.The NKP in this structure becomes VP-subject,but there is another subject called S-subject(Sentence-Subject)below S node.This amounts to Two-Subject Hypothesis for English.Between these two subjects,there intervene Conjugation-Like Elements,enriched by close examination of English verbal conjugation.Two-Subject Hypothesis perfectly accounts for peculiarities of the Expletive There(ET)construction.Restructuring can also explain the so-called Long Distance Wh-interrogative without introducing Wh-movement,and it can also explain why the imperative verbs are taking the base forms.It can also explain the characteristics of adjective imperatives by the same principles as applied to verbal imperatives.We try to deal with the other subtle problems,to get fruitful results.Restructuring approach,we think,provides more convincing explanations than the movement one.

钢管混凝土束剪力墙-钢梁全螺栓连接节点初始刚度及抗震性能研究

针对钢管混凝土束剪力墙结构提出了2种全螺栓刚性连接节点,共设计了6个基于高强螺栓的钢管混凝土束剪力墙-H型钢梁全螺栓端板式连接节点和1个钢管混凝土束剪力墙-H型钢梁全螺栓侧板式连接节点。对7个节点进行了低周往复加载试验,采用ABAQUS软件建立有限元模型,将有限元模拟结果与试验结果进行对比验证后,通过参数化分析系统研究了不同参数对钢管混凝土束剪力墙-H型钢梁全螺栓连接节点抗震性能的影响。结果表明:2种全螺栓连接节点均能实现刚性连接;端板式节点的刚度主要取决于钢梁端板厚度和墙体端板厚度,侧板式节点主要通过螺栓的滑移来耗散能量,表现出低屈服承载力、高延性的特点;侧板式节点中螺栓直径、摩擦因数对节点滑移荷载有较大影响,对抗弯极限承载力影响较小;给出的节点设计建议可为工程设计提供参考。

Quantification of the Mixture of Hydrothermal and Fresh Water in Tectonic Valleys

This study was conducted to identify the origin, hydrogeochemical processes and evolution of groundwater in a tectonic valley. This study was carried out with the aim of quantifying the proportions of groundwater flows contributing to the water chemistry abstracted in a zone of convergence favored by the presence of active faults. The study area is located in the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt. End members methodology was applied to identify the mixing of hydrothermal with fresh groundwater, where changes in the aquifer geology result in distinct groundwater chemical signatures. Ternary mixing was quantified using conservative elements. Moreover, other evolutionary processes, such as ion exchange and silicate weathering occur due to changes in the geology of the area. In ternary mixing, each of the end members is associated with the lithology through which it circulates. The local flow contributes 70% of the water to the system, the intermediate flow contributes 14%, and the regional flow contributes 16%. Three types of water are produced: Na-HCO3, due to the interaction of water with volcanic rocks of rhyolitic composition, Na-Mg-HCO3, due to the interaction of water with volcanic rocks of basaltic-andesite composition, and Ca-HCO3, due to the interaction of water with sedimentary calcareous rocks.

The power of“controllers”:Transposon-mediated duplicated genes evolve towards neofunctionalization

Since the discovery of the first transposon by Dr.Barbara McClintock,the prevalence and diversity of transposable elements(TEs)have been gradually recognized.As fundamental genetic components,TEs drive organismal evolution not only by contributing functional sequences(e.g.,regulatory elements or“controllers”as phrased by Dr.McClintock)but also by shuffling genomic sequences.In the latter respect,TE-mediated gene duplications have contributed to the origination of new genes and attracted extensive interest.In response to the development of this field,we herein attempt to provide an overview of TEmediated duplication by focusing on common rules emerging across duplications generated by different TE types.Specifically,despite the huge divergence of transposition machinery across TEs,we identify three common features of various TE-mediated duplication mechanisms,including end bypass,template switching,and recurrent transposition.These three features lead to one common functional outcome,namely,TE-mediated duplicates tend to be subjected to exon shuffling and neofunctionalization.Therefore,the intrinsic properties of the mutational mechanism constrain the evolutionary trajectories of these duplicates.We finally discuss the future of this field including an in-depth characterization of both the duplication mechanisms and functions of TE-mediated duplicates.

Stress and Displacement Distribution of Soft Clay Slope with 2D and 3D Elastoplastic Finite Element Method

Based on elastoplastic model, 2D and 3D finite element method （FEM） are used to calculate the stress and displacement distribution in the soft clay slope under gravity and uniform load at the slope top. Stability analyses indicate that 3D boundary effect varies with the stress level of the slope. When the slope is stable, end effect of 3D space is not remarkable. When the stability decreases, end effect occurs; when the slope is at limit state, end effect reaches maximum. The energy causing slope failure spreads preferentially along y-z section, and when the failure resistance capability reaches the limit state, the energy can extend along x-axis direction. The 3D effect of the slope under uniform load on the top is related to the ratio of load influence width to slope height, and the effect is remarkable with the decrease of the ratio.

大跨度铁路桥梁端位移精细化计算研究

为针对大跨度铁路桥选择合适的梁端伸缩装置,保障列车行车的安全性,提高桥梁的使用性能,依据多座大跨度桥梁端位移实测值演化规律以及结构计算,开展温度荷载、列车荷载、风荷载及风与温度荷载组合引起的梁端位移精细化计算研究。提出温度荷载的取值类型和取值范围;明确列车荷载引起梁端位移的计算工况和计算方法;确定桁式主梁风荷载摩擦系数取值和所引起梁端位移的计算工况;结合风荷载、风与温度荷载联合分布模型,提出风与温度荷载组合时风荷载的折减系数。以某斜拉桥为背景,对比本文方法和常规方法计算梁端位移的结果。结果表明:温度荷载引起梁端位移可仅考虑体系温度,体系降温工况各结构的温度按大气温度取值;体系升温工况索结构和一半主梁结构考虑热辐射效应,桥塔结构和另一半主梁结构按大气温度取值;应考虑阻尼器、支座等边界阻力效应,采用动力时程法计算列车荷载引起的梁端位移,计算值与实测值吻合良好;对于采用桁式主梁的桥梁,分别按风偏角45°、90°计算风荷载引起的梁端位移,取两者最不利值;计算风与温度荷载组合下梁端位移时,风荷载引起的梁端位移可相应折减;常规方法所得的梁端位移较为保守,梁端位移的精细化计算更有利于选择合适的梁端伸缩装置。

基于氢氧同位素的平原湖荡地表水与地下水转化研究

地表水与地下水间的相互转化以及量化地下水补给量是湖泊水循环研究的重要内容。本文采集了元荡湖区域湖水、地下水样品,测试了其氢氧稳定同位素组成和水化学组成,运用Piper三线图分析其水化学类型、通过钻孔实测的地下水埋深绘制元荡湖区域旱季(2022年12月)和雨季(2023年6月)的地下水水位等值线图,结合电导率(EC)和溶解性总固体(TDS)定性分析地表水-地下水之间的转化关系,利用同位素水量平衡方程、线性端元混合模型定量评价了湖水、地下水、河水和降水之间的转化量。结果表明,研究区湖水和地下水的水化学类型均为HCO_(3)^(-)·SO_(4)^(2-)·Ca^(2+)·Na^(+)·Mg^(2+),旱季和雨季湖水均受到地下水的补给,拟合得到的湖水旱季、雨季氢氧稳定同位素线性回归方程表明雨季斜率较小,蒸发更为强烈。湖水主要由河水、地下水和降水补给,其三者在旱季的补给比例分别为59%、26%和15%,在雨季的补给比例分别为23%、39%和38%。本文成果为元荡湖区域以及太湖流域的综合治理提供了科学依据。

基于端部漏磁场分析的集成式电机驱动系统在线匝间短路故障诊断

基于宽禁带器件的变频器具有高功率密度和耐高温工作的优势,通过小型化和轻薄化设计可以将变频器置于电机端盖与端绕组之间,构成结构紧凑的集成式电机驱动系统。该系统发生匝间短路故障时,短路绕组电流增大不仅会使电机内部温度升高导致电机绝缘性能降低,还将引起磁场变化影响变频器的正常工作。以一台1.5 kW的交流感应电机为例,搭建基于宽禁带器件的集成式电机驱动系统三维物理模型,利用数学解析法分析并计算匝间短路故障前后的端部漏磁场,并提取电机内端部印制电路板(printed circuit board,PCB)表面与轴心距离相等、机械角度相差45°的两点处磁感应强度在直角坐标系下椭圆曲线的离心率反映端部漏磁场的对称性,以此为特征指标判断电机是否出现匝间短路故障。仿真与实验结果验证了所提方法的正确性和有效性。

计及边端效应的直线式移相变压器等效电路分析

直线式移相变压器是一种新型移相变压器,具有绕组结构简单、易于模块化和可任意角度移相的优点。其直线型结构导致变压器存在边端效应,进而导致气隙磁场产生畸变。为了计算出边端效应产生的影响,该文从直线式移相变压器的磁场进行深入分析,并建立计及边端效应的等效电路模型。首先,基于一维场理论对直线式移相变压器进行数学分析,根据场路复功率相等的原则,推导出等效电路二次侧参数,并计算出边端效应修正系数;然后,根据边端效应的分析结果和直线感应电机的等效电路拓扑建立计及边端效应的等效电路模型;最后,通过直线式移相变压器的二维有限元仿真模型和小功率样机的实验,验证了建模方法的合理性和等效电路模型的准确性。

口语中句尾“都”的主观性研究

句尾“都”通过特定句法结构和句式表达主观性。特定句法结构有:动词+“了”+“都”、否定词+动词+“都”、动补结构+“都”、动宾结构+“都”、程度副词+形容词+“都”、“什么”+名词+“都”。句式有:XP+“都”;XP+“都”,YP;XP,YP+“都”。通过这些结构形式,句尾“都”表达说话人的主观感受、主观判断、主观态度。句尾“都”之所以具有主观性,是因为受到它与句子结构的关系、句中“都”的语义功能、句尾其他语气词的主观性功能及语言的礼貌原则的影响。

整体式木工硬质合金立铣刀铣削温度仿真分析

以整体式木工硬质合金立铣刀铣削刨花板时铣刀温度分布为研究对象,探究铣削深度、前角、及螺旋角对铣刀温度的影响规律,并通过优化参数提升铣削过程的效率和稳定性。采用动力学仿真分析模拟实际切削工况,对立铣刀铣削温度进行理论分析,得出铣削深度、前角、螺旋角三个主要研究变量。通过Abaqus软件分析以及试验探究,分析以上三个研究变量对立铣刀铣削刨花板过程中刀刃温度变化的影响,验证了立铣刀铣削温度模型的可行性。铣削过程中,铣刀的温度经历快速上涨、缓慢上升、趋于稳定三个阶段。其他条件一定,当切削深度为4.0 mm,前角为17°,螺旋角为22°时,刀刃的平均温度较低。研究结果对立铣刀铣削加工温度的深入研究具有重要的理论和实践意义。