Since its domestication from wild rice thousands of years ago, rice has been cultivated largely through transplantation. During transplantation from the nursery to the paddy field, rice seedlings experience transplant...Since its domestication from wild rice thousands of years ago, rice has been cultivated largely through transplantation. During transplantation from the nursery to the paddy field, rice seedlings experience transplantation shock which affects their physiology and production.However, the mechanisms underlying transplantation shock and rice adaptation to this shock are largely unknown. Here,we isolated a transplant-sensitive chloroplast-deficient（tsc_1）rice mutant that produces albino leaves after transplantation.Blocking light from reaching the juvenile leaves and leaf primordia caused chloroplast deficiencies in transplanted tsc_1 seedlings. TSC_1 encodes a noncanonical adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette（ABC） transporter homologous to At NAP_（14） and is of cyanobacterial origin. We demonstrate that TSC_1 controls plastid development in rice under dark conditions, and functions independently of light signaling.However, light rescued the tsc_1 mutant phenotype in a spectrum-independent manner. TSC_1 was upregulated following transplantation, and modulated the iron and copper levels, thereby regulating prolamellar body formation during the early P_4 stage of leaf development. Therefore, TSC_1 is indispensable for plastid development in the absence of light,and contributes to adaptation to transplantation shock.Our study provides insight into the regulation of plastid development and establishes a framework for improving recovery from transplantation shock in rice.展开更多
Logic Petri nets （LPNs） are suitable to describe and analyze batch processing functions and passing value indeterminacy in cooperative systems. To investigate the dynamic properties of LPNs directly, a new method fo...Logic Petri nets （LPNs） are suitable to describe and analyze batch processing functions and passing value indeterminacy in cooperative systems. To investigate the dynamic properties of LPNs directly, a new method for analyzing LPNs is proposed based on marking reachability graphs in this paper. Enabled conditions of transitions are obtained and a marking reachability graph is constructed. All reach- able markings can be obtained based on the graph; the fairness and reversibility of LPNs are analyzed. Moreover, the computing complexity of the enabled conditions and reachable markings can be reduced by this method. The advantages of the proposed method are illustrated by examples and analysis.展开更多
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (2016YFD0100700)the Ministry of Agriculture of China for Transgenic Research (2016ZX08009003-004)the National Natural Science Foundation (31570269, 31570279, and 31370284)
文摘Since its domestication from wild rice thousands of years ago, rice has been cultivated largely through transplantation. During transplantation from the nursery to the paddy field, rice seedlings experience transplantation shock which affects their physiology and production.However, the mechanisms underlying transplantation shock and rice adaptation to this shock are largely unknown. Here,we isolated a transplant-sensitive chloroplast-deficient（tsc_1）rice mutant that produces albino leaves after transplantation.Blocking light from reaching the juvenile leaves and leaf primordia caused chloroplast deficiencies in transplanted tsc_1 seedlings. TSC_1 encodes a noncanonical adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette（ABC） transporter homologous to At NAP_（14） and is of cyanobacterial origin. We demonstrate that TSC_1 controls plastid development in rice under dark conditions, and functions independently of light signaling.However, light rescued the tsc_1 mutant phenotype in a spectrum-independent manner. TSC_1 was upregulated following transplantation, and modulated the iron and copper levels, thereby regulating prolamellar body formation during the early P_4 stage of leaf development. Therefore, TSC_1 is indispensable for plastid development in the absence of light,and contributes to adaptation to transplantation shock.Our study provides insight into the regulation of plastid development and establishes a framework for improving recovery from transplantation shock in rice.
基金This work is supported by the National Basic Research Program of China （2010CB328101） the National Natural Science Foundation of China （Grant Nos. 61170078 and 61173042）+2 种基金 the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of the Specialized Research Fund of China （20113718110004） Basic Research Program of Qingdao City of China （13- 1-4-116-jch） and the SDUST Research Fund of China （2011KYTD 102）.
文摘Logic Petri nets （LPNs） are suitable to describe and analyze batch processing functions and passing value indeterminacy in cooperative systems. To investigate the dynamic properties of LPNs directly, a new method for analyzing LPNs is proposed based on marking reachability graphs in this paper. Enabled conditions of transitions are obtained and a marking reachability graph is constructed. All reach- able markings can be obtained based on the graph; the fairness and reversibility of LPNs are analyzed. Moreover, the computing complexity of the enabled conditions and reachable markings can be reduced by this method. The advantages of the proposed method are illustrated by examples and analysis.
