Paths for the Coordinated Development of Rural Economy and Environment in Economically Underdeveloped Areas——A Case of Huaian,China

Taking Huaian as an example,the rural economic and environmental problems in economically underdeveloped areas are expounded.The results show that rural areas in economically underdeveloped areas confront with lagged economic development,serious environmental pollutionand scarce shortage of equipments for treating environmental pollution.The causes of problems are analyzed,including inadequate fiscal supportfrom the local government;unscientific system for assessing government officers' performances;backward ideas in environmental protection and im-perfect laws and regulations on environmental protection.Based on these causes,the strategy of employing the circular economy to promote the co-ordinated development of rural environment and economy in economically underdeveloped areas is put forward.The strategy covers transformingthe way of agricultural production;adjusting agricultural production structure;positively collecting funds and increasing the input on handling rural en-vironmental problems;strengthening the efforts on promotion and education,and forming the healthy habits of consumption;enforcing supervisionand establishing a professional administration team for protecting rural environment;laying stress on rural technological innovation and strengtheningthe force of expansion;accelerating the path of industrialization and promoting the industrialization of villages and towns vigorously.

Idle School Buildings in Rural Areas: Will they Be Useful?

Taking the case of Enshi City,we survey the supply of public services in rural areas from education,health,culture and social security; reveal the relationship between the use of idle school buildings in rural areas and the improvement of public services in rural areas. On the basis of expounding the status quo of idle school buildings and public services in rural areas of Enshi City,the following recommendations are put forward: using the idle school buildings to develop rural public education; using the idle school buildings to develop rural public health and medical services; using the idle school buildings to develop public cultural undertakings in rural areas; using the idle school buildings to develop social security undertakings in rural areas.

The Practice of Planning and Design of Characteristic Rural Areas in Jiangsu Province: A Case Study of Shiye Town, Zhenjiang City

Based on the theory of three living spaces,taking the characteristic rural areas of Shiye Town in Zhenjiang City as the research object,the study analyzed its constituent elements in production,life and ecological space (three living spaces) and put forward the strategy of space optimization.The overall optimization design of the village is made according to the problems by combining with the current situation of pilot villages such as Yongmaowei,Huanqingzhou and group 1 of Xianfeng Village.In addition,special reconstruction measures were formulated for the existing problems of agricultural houses and public spaces in various typical villages.

Study on the Current Situation and Countermeasures of Rural Domestic Sewage Treatment in Beijing City

In recent years,the construction of rural sewage treatment in Beijing City has developed rapidly,but there are still many problems in some rural domestic sewage treatment. In this paper,the current situation of rural domestic sewage in Beijing City is combed,and its characteristics are summarized. Meanwhile,the current situation of rural domestic sewage treatment in Zhejiang Province,Hunan Province and Shandong Province is summarized by consulting relevant data. By comparing with current situation of rural domestic sewage treatment in Beijing City,it is found that there are some problems in the treatment of rural domestic sewage in Beijing City,such as unsuitable treatment mode,unreasonable discharge requirements and inadequate treatment technology. Therefore,some countermeasures and suggestions are proposed,such as strengthening the investigation,research and planning,and differential formulation of the sewage treatment discharge standards,and establishing modular treatment technology system. It is hoped that this paper will be helpful to the treatment of rural domestic sewage in Beijing City.

The Distribution of Surnames in Xiantao City through Isonymy

The population migration in Hubei Province was frequent in history,accompanied by the migration of surnames,so it is important to study their population surnames.We take Xiantao City as an example to explore the isonymic structure of small and medium-sized cities in Hubei.The surname distributions of 223327 residents registered in 2013 were analyzed in 5 towns and 105 villages of Xiantao.The number of different surnames found was 422.As for surnames,theα-value reflects the influence of ethnic composition on the abundance of surnames.The correlation between the isonymic distance and the geographic distance between villages was calculated and indicated that Euclidean distance was weakly correlated with the geographic distance(r=0.177±0.012),and the isonymic distance increased with the geographical distance.Furthermore,the dendrogram and PCA built from the matrix of Euclidean distances between villages identified a main surname differentiation between the urban and rural areas.

乡村振兴战略下达州市农村人口老龄化问题研究

在乡村振兴战略实施过程中,农村人口不仅是主要参与者,更是乡村振兴战略实施、深入推进的重要保障者。然而,随着农村青壮年人口的外流,农村地区已整体进入老龄化社会,这无疑成为乡村振兴战略实施中面临的重点和难点。在乡村振兴战略背景之下,应积极应对农村人口老龄化这一现实,对此,研究提出:优化产业结构、挖掘“银发经济”巨大潜能、吸引人才回流、返乡就业创业政策支持、提高乡村治理水平等解决对策,以期助力推动达州市乡村振兴战略的实施。

农村地区高血压患者服药情况及影响因素研究:基于家庭医生签约服务

背景高血压是心血管疾病主要的危险因素,降压用药不仅要考虑患者血压特征,也要考虑患者合并症情况。现阶段,基于家庭医生签约服务对高血压患者的服药状况及影响因素研究比较缺乏。目的调查安徽省界首市家庭医生签约服务的高血压患者服药现状,描述患者服药行为与患者特征之间的关联,探索患者用药调整的影响因素,并分析基层高血压患者用药的合理性。方法采用整群抽样的方法,于2021年7—8月从安徽省界首市随机抽取48个行政村,通过面对面调查法采用自制问卷收集患者特征和服药数据,参照《国家基层高血压防治管理指南2020版》将问卷中患者提到的降压药分为如下5类:A类为血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂(ACEI)和血管紧张素受体阻滞剂(ARB),B类为β受体阻滞剂,C类为钙通道阻滞剂(CCB),D类为利尿剂,E类为单片复方制剂。通过科大讯飞智能语音血压计的后台获取患者上传的近1年血压数据,分析不同特征患者的服药行为。采用多因素Logistic回归分析探讨高血压患者用药调整的影响因素。本研究中联合用药是指服用复方制剂或2种以上降压药,用药调整是指患者过去服用其他降压药。结果本研究共纳入高血压患者3005例,其中男1291例(43.0%)、女1714例(57.0%),平均年龄为(65.5±9.8)岁,高血压服药率为79.1%,联合用药率为40.2%。2376例服用降压药的患者中,不同类型降压药服用率从高到低依次为(部分患者存在联合用药):E类(39.6%)、C类(35.1%)、D类(20.3%)、A类(20.1%)、B类(3.7%);服用最多的降压药为复方利血平(33.7%)。对于年均血压≥160/100mm Hg的患者,仍有12.2%和4.9%未服用降压药。患者联合用药以E类降压药为主。年均“舒张压≥100 mm Hg”且“患合并症”的患者,调整后A类和C类降压药的服用率增加相对较多,年均“收缩压≥160 mm Hg”且“未患合并症”的患者,调整后E类降压药的服用率增加相对较多。多因素Logistic回归结果显示,服药年数长(OR=1.042,95%CI=1.031~1.053,P<0.001)、初中以上文化程度(OR=1.488,95%CI=1.195~1.853,P<0.001)、合并高脂血症(OR=1.267,95%CI=1.052~1.525,P=0.013)、合并心血管疾病(OR=1.394,95%CI=1.166~1.667,P<0.001)、合并脑血管疾病(OR=1.258,95%CI=1.040~1.522,P=0.018)是患者用药调整的促进因素,高龄(OR=0.980,95%CI=0.971~0.990,P<0.001)是用药调整的抑制因素。结论界首市农村地区高血压患者的服药率较高,主要服用E类和C类降压药。服药年数长、初中以上文化程度、合并高脂血症、合并心脑血管疾病是患者用药调整的促进因素,高龄是用药调整的抑制因素。

Landscaping Patterns for New Rural Communities——Using Dezhou City of Shandong Province as a Case Study

By combining with the "village consolidation" pattern in the construction of rural communities in Dezhou City,Shandong Province,this study summarized landscaping characteristics of new rural communities,proposed principles to be followed in the landscaping,and discussed proper landscaping patterns for new rural communities.

Spatial Development Explorations of Middle- and Small-sized Mountainous Cities: A Case Study of Shangluo City, China

Spatial structural features of middle- and small-sized mountainous cities in China were analyzed. Taking Shangluo City for example, problems in the spatial planning of middle- and small-sized mountainous cities were explored, it was stressed that local characteristics should be respected to make plans reasonably, and handle the spatial transition between urban and rural areas properly, so as not to lose the originality of rural areas during the urbanization. The study aimed at providing useful experience for the urbanization.

Registration of Rural Collective Land:A Case Study of Ma'anshan City in Anhui Province

Making unified registration of rural collective land and granting legal rights of rural collective and farmer land are necessities for protecting the fundamental interests of farmers,implementing the party's rural policies,and the source of unified real estate registration,and will lay a solid foundation for smooth implementation of registration of real estate. According to requirements of Notice of the General Office of the People's Government of Anhui Province on Implementing the Confirmation and Registration of Ownership of Rural Collective Land,in order to integrate urban and rural development and safeguard the rights and interests of farmers,since January 2010,Ma'anshan Municipal Government has made an overall deployment in the whole city to carry out the confirmation and registration of rural collective land. However,complex property situation of the collective land and the problems of existing registration system have brought about many problems. Through the research and analysis,we came up with recommendations for improving the registration of rural collective land.

Urban Effects on the Precipitation of Benin, Nigeria

This study is designed to examine the urban effects on the precipitation of Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria. This was to ascertain the differences within urban precipitation and urban-rural differences in precipitation. The study adopted a survey design in which data used for this study were generated from direct field measurement of precipitation for the period of one year. A total of 25 rain gauges were established in the various landuse types in existence in the city in line with the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) standard for the collection of the precipitation amounts. Thirty-one years’ archival precipitation data were also extracted from the archive of the Nigerian Meteorological Agency Benin and Nigeria Institute of Oil Palm Research (NIFOR). Analysis of variance (ANOVA), paired t-test and trend analysis were used in this study. The result showed 2541 mm mean annual precipitation with 43% increase in precipitation in urban area over the country sides. Precipitation amounts differ significantly within the urban canopy from the high density areas to the natural parks. Rainfall in all months with double precipitation maxima is in the months of July and September, indicating the presence of August hiatus in the city, and it also showed that Fridays and Sundays are the wettest and driest days of the weeks. The study revealed that the precipitation of Benin-City is strong and heavy with 2311 mm and 2541 mm which has strong implications on hydrological cycle, properties and social-economic activities of the dwellers. It is therefore recommended that program on urban climatology should be initiated soon by the state and federal government of Nigeria.

基于Theil指数的长春市城乡义务教育资源配置问题研究

城乡均衡是义务教育均衡发展的重中之重.采用Theil指数分析方法,对2016年至2020年长春城乡义务教育均衡发展情况进行实证研究,重点关注以均衡发展为目标的资源配置指标,如人力资源、物力资源指标.在对2类资源、6项指标现状及问题分析的基础上,提出推进城乡义务教育均衡发展的建议.

中国式现代化进程中的乡村人口:问题、挑战及应对——与城市、镇的比较分析

乡村人口问题给中国式现代化带来五大挑战:劳动年龄人口减少可能造成乡村产业发展劳动力资源不足,教育水平与城市的差距扩大可能导致乡村高质量发展人才短缺,男性婚姻挤压日渐突出可能引发乡村婚姻与家庭建设问题,老龄化进程加快可能加剧乡村养老困境,文化建设人才不足可能影响乡村精神文明建设。应对这些挑战,可从以下方面着手:有序引导外出农民工回流、稳步推进农业现代化,提高乡村人口教育水平、盘活用好现有人才,促进乡村性别平等、提升婚姻家庭幸福感,扩大乡村养老服务供给、提升养老服务质量,动员多方资源、推进乡村精神文明建设。其政策启示是:中国式现代化任重道远,其短板是农业农村现代化;推进中国式现代化,需要探索和创新乡村的省域实践,也需要关注镇这一区域层级。

城市外围地区农村物流设施空间分布演变及影响因素--以广州市为例

城市外围地区农村物流设施是保障城乡物资双向流通和农村产业发展的重要支撑。以广东省广州市为例,综合使用多源空间数据和空间回归模型等分析方法,探索城市外围地区农村物流设施空间分布演变特征及影响因素。在空间分布演变方面,城市外围地区农村物流设施从单核转向多核,具有圈层化、等级化特征,与广州市空间发展方向和空间格局相一致,最外围地区物流设施建设短板突出;受村级设施分布变化影响,物流设施集聚性呈现“增强—减弱—增强”的波动。影响因素方面,人口因素、交通因素和工业因素对物流设施分布有显著正向影响,农业因素对其有显著负向影响,区位因素对其无明显影响。研究结果能够丰富对农村物流设施分布演变规律的认识,为城市尺度的农村物流设施的布局优化和支撑要素的建设等提供参考。

基于多角度的农村居民点分布特征及布局优化——以南昌市新建区为例

【目的】研究南昌市新建区1998年与2020年跨度20余年农村居民点的分布特征变化,提出符合区域实际的布局优化策略。【方法】通过核密度、空间自相关、场强模型、最小阻力模型等分析农村居民点的集聚程度、空间聚类程度、城镇辐射引力强度、布局扩张潜力程度,综合4种不同方法分析结果,对南昌市新建区农村居民点布局进行优化。【结果】20余年农村居民点规模扩张速度较快,空间分布集聚程度显著增强,核密度高值位于中心城区及主要交通干线周边;核密度属性下开展空间自相关分析具有代表性,空间集聚特性增强、异质性减弱;农村居民点分布受城镇、主要干线、学校、医院、休闲体育、公园等辐射引力作用显著;高阻力区分布于中部、中西部及北部部分区域,低阻力区分布于南部及北部部分区域;农村居民点布局阻力因素由大到小依次为:政策保护阻力、地形与灾害风险阻力、区位阻力、生产生活阻力;将居民点布局优化类型划分为提升扩展型、整治改造型、控制迁移型。【结论】通过多角度分析农村居民点的空间分布特征,并基于此提出优化布局策略,符合区域地理环境及村庄发展实际,可为多规合一视角下实用性村庄规划编制提供参考。

人工智能赋能低空经济:应用场景与未来方向

低空经济是指以各种有人驾驶和无人驾驶航空器在海拔3000米以下的各类飞行活动作为牵引,辐射带动相关领域融合发展的新兴经济形态和效益。2024年全国两会期间,“低空经济”被写入政府工作报告。报告提出,“积极培育新兴产业和未来产业”“积极打造生物制造、商业航天、低空经济等新增长引擎”。我们可以通过解析人工智能赋能低空经济、大数据驱动的部分应用场景(智慧城市建设、智慧交通运输、智慧路桥监测、智慧农业农村),理解低空经济创造的新质生产力,探讨低空经济推进智慧城乡建设和国家经济发展的逻辑与路径。

大都市区周边乡村风貌提升管控研究——以上海市4个乡村振兴示范村为例

上海作为国际化大都市区,城市功能不断提升的同时,周边乡村风貌也亟需建设与发展。本文基于庄行郊野公园、海星村、塘湾村和聚源桥村等具体实践,从乡村风貌提升的背景及面临的问题、乡村风貌提升管控的重要作用、大都市区乡村风貌管控的价值认知及乡村风貌提升管控策略和路径等几个方面着手展开深入探索,归纳提炼出大都市区周边乡村风貌五大核心提升管控要素:乡村道路修复、重点界面重塑、公服区域复合、驻留节点构建、导视标志植入。以风貌要素为依托,构建立足此时此地的大都市区周边乡村风貌分级管控标准,并对乡村风貌规划设计提出具体实施策略,以期为上海市周边乡村风貌提升管控提供参考借鉴。

基于城市实体地域的城乡接合部空间界定研究——以广州市为例

当前国内外城乡接合部空间界定研究尚未达成共识,在行政管理实践中也未形成明确的标准,导致了城乡接合部空间治理的现实困境。基于此,文章提出基于城市实体地域的城乡接合部空间界定方法,对广州市进行实证研究。结果表明:1)以自然资源部高精度遥感和土地调查数据准确识别的城市实体地域范围为城乡接合部空间界定测算指标,以明确的行政村、居委会为最小统计单元,可以有效地衔接国土空间规划技术体系;2)采用国内外大多数研究认同的25%~75%理想值与聚类分析法,并以广州市为典型案例进行城乡接合部空间界定阈值的优化与检验,最终确定广州市城乡接合部空间界定合理阈值为10%~75%;3)精准的测算指标、明确的研究单元和可操作性强的界定方法,可以较好地识别出城乡接合部空间,同时也为更深入的空间研究与治理提供支撑。

东兴市农旅融合产业发展研究

农旅融合发展能够有效整合自然资源和人文资源,促使旅游业与农业良性互动与深度融合,激活农村经济,实现乡村振兴。通过系统研究东兴市农旅融合发展滞后的原因,并提出相应策略。强化农村旅游发展规划,加强配套基础设施建设,打造农旅融合全产业链等举措,增强农旅融合发展动力,实现东兴市农旅深度融合发展,有效解决“三农”问题。

都市圈规划建设的演化逻辑、面临挑战及推进方略

都市圈建设对于促进城乡融合和区域协调发展、推动经济高质发展和构建新发展格局,以及推进中国式现代化进程具有十分重要的现实意义。基于历史和现实视角,回顾改革开放以来中国都市圈规划的演化逻辑,并对当前面临的挑战进行分析。在此基础上,提出“十四五”后期及未来,建议建立都市圈联盟,磋商解决一体化进程中的若干重大问题;依托于“纵向横向经济轴带”建设规划,加快都市圈建设;依托于省际交界区,夯实都市圈建设的基础;加快中部、西部及东北地区小微型都市圈建设,促进区域经济协调发展和对外开放;依托于都市圈建设,加快城乡融合发展;加快数字经济建设步伐,助力都市圈建设。