Paths for the Coordinated Development of Rural Economy and Environment in Economically Underdeveloped Areas——A Case of Huaian,China

Taking Huaian as an example,the rural economic and environmental problems in economically underdeveloped areas are expounded.The results show that rural areas in economically underdeveloped areas confront with lagged economic development,serious environmental pollutionand scarce shortage of equipments for treating environmental pollution.The causes of problems are analyzed,including inadequate fiscal supportfrom the local government;unscientific system for assessing government officers' performances;backward ideas in environmental protection and im-perfect laws and regulations on environmental protection.Based on these causes,the strategy of employing the circular economy to promote the co-ordinated development of rural environment and economy in economically underdeveloped areas is put forward.The strategy covers transformingthe way of agricultural production;adjusting agricultural production structure;positively collecting funds and increasing the input on handling rural en-vironmental problems;strengthening the efforts on promotion and education,and forming the healthy habits of consumption;enforcing supervisionand establishing a professional administration team for protecting rural environment;laying stress on rural technological innovation and strengtheningthe force of expansion;accelerating the path of industrialization and promoting the industrialization of villages and towns vigorously.

The Distribution of Surnames in Xiantao City through Isonymy

The population migration in Hubei Province was frequent in history,accompanied by the migration of surnames,so it is important to study their population surnames.We take Xiantao City as an example to explore the isonymic structure of small and medium-sized cities in Hubei.The surname distributions of 223327 residents registered in 2013 were analyzed in 5 towns and 105 villages of Xiantao.The number of different surnames found was 422.As for surnames,theα-value reflects the influence of ethnic composition on the abundance of surnames.The correlation between the isonymic distance and the geographic distance between villages was calculated and indicated that Euclidean distance was weakly correlated with the geographic distance(r=0.177±0.012),and the isonymic distance increased with the geographical distance.Furthermore,the dendrogram and PCA built from the matrix of Euclidean distances between villages identified a main surname differentiation between the urban and rural areas.

Idle School Buildings in Rural Areas: Will they Be Useful?

Taking the case of Enshi City,we survey the supply of public services in rural areas from education,health,culture and social security; reveal the relationship between the use of idle school buildings in rural areas and the improvement of public services in rural areas. On the basis of expounding the status quo of idle school buildings and public services in rural areas of Enshi City,the following recommendations are put forward: using the idle school buildings to develop rural public education; using the idle school buildings to develop rural public health and medical services; using the idle school buildings to develop public cultural undertakings in rural areas; using the idle school buildings to develop social security undertakings in rural areas.

The Practice of Planning and Design of Characteristic Rural Areas in Jiangsu Province: A Case Study of Shiye Town, Zhenjiang City

Based on the theory of three living spaces,taking the characteristic rural areas of Shiye Town in Zhenjiang City as the research object,the study analyzed its constituent elements in production,life and ecological space (three living spaces) and put forward the strategy of space optimization.The overall optimization design of the village is made according to the problems by combining with the current situation of pilot villages such as Yongmaowei,Huanqingzhou and group 1 of Xianfeng Village.In addition,special reconstruction measures were formulated for the existing problems of agricultural houses and public spaces in various typical villages.

Study on the Current Situation and Countermeasures of Rural Domestic Sewage Treatment in Beijing City

In recent years,the construction of rural sewage treatment in Beijing City has developed rapidly,but there are still many problems in some rural domestic sewage treatment. In this paper,the current situation of rural domestic sewage in Beijing City is combed,and its characteristics are summarized. Meanwhile,the current situation of rural domestic sewage treatment in Zhejiang Province,Hunan Province and Shandong Province is summarized by consulting relevant data. By comparing with current situation of rural domestic sewage treatment in Beijing City,it is found that there are some problems in the treatment of rural domestic sewage in Beijing City,such as unsuitable treatment mode,unreasonable discharge requirements and inadequate treatment technology. Therefore,some countermeasures and suggestions are proposed,such as strengthening the investigation,research and planning,and differential formulation of the sewage treatment discharge standards,and establishing modular treatment technology system. It is hoped that this paper will be helpful to the treatment of rural domestic sewage in Beijing City.

城市外围地区农村物流设施空间分布演变及影响因素--以广州市为例

城市外围地区农村物流设施是保障城乡物资双向流通和农村产业发展的重要支撑。以广东省广州市为例,综合使用多源空间数据和空间回归模型等分析方法,探索城市外围地区农村物流设施空间分布演变特征及影响因素。在空间分布演变方面,城市外围地区农村物流设施从单核转向多核,具有圈层化、等级化特征,与广州市空间发展方向和空间格局相一致,最外围地区物流设施建设短板突出;受村级设施分布变化影响,物流设施集聚性呈现“增强—减弱—增强”的波动。影响因素方面,人口因素、交通因素和工业因素对物流设施分布有显著正向影响,农业因素对其有显著负向影响,区位因素对其无明显影响。研究结果能够丰富对农村物流设施分布演变规律的认识,为城市尺度的农村物流设施的布局优化和支撑要素的建设等提供参考。

中国式现代化进程中的乡村人口:问题、挑战及应对——与城市、镇的比较分析

乡村人口问题给中国式现代化带来五大挑战:劳动年龄人口减少可能造成乡村产业发展劳动力资源不足,教育水平与城市的差距扩大可能导致乡村高质量发展人才短缺,男性婚姻挤压日渐突出可能引发乡村婚姻与家庭建设问题,老龄化进程加快可能加剧乡村养老困境,文化建设人才不足可能影响乡村精神文明建设。应对这些挑战,可从以下方面着手:有序引导外出农民工回流、稳步推进农业现代化,提高乡村人口教育水平、盘活用好现有人才,促进乡村性别平等、提升婚姻家庭幸福感,扩大乡村养老服务供给、提升养老服务质量,动员多方资源、推进乡村精神文明建设。其政策启示是:中国式现代化任重道远,其短板是农业农村现代化;推进中国式现代化,需要探索和创新乡村的省域实践,也需要关注镇这一区域层级。

人工智能赋能低空经济:应用场景与未来方向

低空经济是指以各种有人驾驶和无人驾驶航空器在海拔3000米以下的各类飞行活动作为牵引,辐射带动相关领域融合发展的新兴经济形态和效益。2024年全国两会期间,“低空经济”被写入政府工作报告。报告提出,“积极培育新兴产业和未来产业”“积极打造生物制造、商业航天、低空经济等新增长引擎”。我们可以通过解析人工智能赋能低空经济、大数据驱动的部分应用场景(智慧城市建设、智慧交通运输、智慧路桥监测、智慧农业农村),理解低空经济创造的新质生产力,探讨低空经济推进智慧城乡建设和国家经济发展的逻辑与路径。

农村地区高血压患者服药情况及影响因素研究:基于家庭医生签约服务

背景高血压是心血管疾病主要的危险因素,降压用药不仅要考虑患者血压特征,也要考虑患者合并症情况。现阶段,基于家庭医生签约服务对高血压患者的服药状况及影响因素研究比较缺乏。目的调查安徽省界首市家庭医生签约服务的高血压患者服药现状,描述患者服药行为与患者特征之间的关联,探索患者用药调整的影响因素,并分析基层高血压患者用药的合理性。方法采用整群抽样的方法,于2021年7—8月从安徽省界首市随机抽取48个行政村,通过面对面调查法采用自制问卷收集患者特征和服药数据,参照《国家基层高血压防治管理指南2020版》将问卷中患者提到的降压药分为如下5类:A类为血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂(ACEI)和血管紧张素受体阻滞剂(ARB),B类为β受体阻滞剂,C类为钙通道阻滞剂(CCB),D类为利尿剂,E类为单片复方制剂。通过科大讯飞智能语音血压计的后台获取患者上传的近1年血压数据,分析不同特征患者的服药行为。采用多因素Logistic回归分析探讨高血压患者用药调整的影响因素。本研究中联合用药是指服用复方制剂或2种以上降压药,用药调整是指患者过去服用其他降压药。结果本研究共纳入高血压患者3005例,其中男1291例(43.0%)、女1714例(57.0%),平均年龄为(65.5±9.8)岁,高血压服药率为79.1%,联合用药率为40.2%。2376例服用降压药的患者中,不同类型降压药服用率从高到低依次为(部分患者存在联合用药):E类(39.6%)、C类(35.1%)、D类(20.3%)、A类(20.1%)、B类(3.7%);服用最多的降压药为复方利血平(33.7%)。对于年均血压≥160/100mm Hg的患者,仍有12.2%和4.9%未服用降压药。患者联合用药以E类降压药为主。年均“舒张压≥100 mm Hg”且“患合并症”的患者,调整后A类和C类降压药的服用率增加相对较多,年均“收缩压≥160 mm Hg”且“未患合并症”的患者,调整后E类降压药的服用率增加相对较多。多因素Logistic回归结果显示,服药年数长(OR=1.042,95%CI=1.031~1.053,P<0.001)、初中以上文化程度(OR=1.488,95%CI=1.195~1.853,P<0.001)、合并高脂血症(OR=1.267,95%CI=1.052~1.525,P=0.013)、合并心血管疾病(OR=1.394,95%CI=1.166~1.667,P<0.001)、合并脑血管疾病(OR=1.258,95%CI=1.040~1.522,P=0.018)是患者用药调整的促进因素,高龄(OR=0.980,95%CI=0.971~0.990,P<0.001)是用药调整的抑制因素。结论界首市农村地区高血压患者的服药率较高,主要服用E类和C类降压药。服药年数长、初中以上文化程度、合并高脂血症、合并心脑血管疾病是患者用药调整的促进因素,高龄是用药调整的抑制因素。

基于城市实体地域的城乡接合部空间界定研究——以广州市为例

当前国内外城乡接合部空间界定研究尚未达成共识,在行政管理实践中也未形成明确的标准,导致了城乡接合部空间治理的现实困境。基于此,文章提出基于城市实体地域的城乡接合部空间界定方法,对广州市进行实证研究。结果表明:1)以自然资源部高精度遥感和土地调查数据准确识别的城市实体地域范围为城乡接合部空间界定测算指标,以明确的行政村、居委会为最小统计单元,可以有效地衔接国土空间规划技术体系;2)采用国内外大多数研究认同的25%~75%理想值与聚类分析法,并以广州市为典型案例进行城乡接合部空间界定阈值的优化与检验,最终确定广州市城乡接合部空间界定合理阈值为10%~75%;3)精准的测算指标、明确的研究单元和可操作性强的界定方法,可以较好地识别出城乡接合部空间,同时也为更深入的空间研究与治理提供支撑。

大都市区周边乡村风貌提升管控研究——以上海市4个乡村振兴示范村为例

上海作为国际化大都市区,城市功能不断提升的同时,周边乡村风貌也亟需建设与发展。本文基于庄行郊野公园、海星村、塘湾村和聚源桥村等具体实践,从乡村风貌提升的背景及面临的问题、乡村风貌提升管控的重要作用、大都市区乡村风貌管控的价值认知及乡村风貌提升管控策略和路径等几个方面着手展开深入探索,归纳提炼出大都市区周边乡村风貌五大核心提升管控要素:乡村道路修复、重点界面重塑、公服区域复合、驻留节点构建、导视标志植入。以风貌要素为依托,构建立足此时此地的大都市区周边乡村风貌分级管控标准,并对乡村风貌规划设计提出具体实施策略,以期为上海市周边乡村风貌提升管控提供参考借鉴。

东兴市农旅融合产业发展研究

农旅融合发展能够有效整合自然资源和人文资源,促使旅游业与农业良性互动与深度融合,激活农村经济,实现乡村振兴。通过系统研究东兴市农旅融合发展滞后的原因,并提出相应策略。强化农村旅游发展规划,加强配套基础设施建设,打造农旅融合全产业链等举措,增强农旅融合发展动力,实现东兴市农旅深度融合发展,有效解决“三农”问题。

Landscaping Patterns for New Rural Communities——Using Dezhou City of Shandong Province as a Case Study

By combining with the "village consolidation" pattern in the construction of rural communities in Dezhou City,Shandong Province,this study summarized landscaping characteristics of new rural communities,proposed principles to be followed in the landscaping,and discussed proper landscaping patterns for new rural communities.

都市圈规划建设的演化逻辑、面临挑战及推进方略

都市圈建设对于促进城乡融合和区域协调发展、推动经济高质发展和构建新发展格局,以及推进中国式现代化进程具有十分重要的现实意义。基于历史和现实视角,回顾改革开放以来中国都市圈规划的演化逻辑,并对当前面临的挑战进行分析。在此基础上,提出“十四五”后期及未来,建议建立都市圈联盟,磋商解决一体化进程中的若干重大问题;依托于“纵向横向经济轴带”建设规划,加快都市圈建设;依托于省际交界区,夯实都市圈建设的基础;加快中部、西部及东北地区小微型都市圈建设,促进区域经济协调发展和对外开放;依托于都市圈建设,加快城乡融合发展;加快数字经济建设步伐,助力都市圈建设。

不同载体乡村公共艺术的本土实践与探索——以大理凤羽为例

在乡村振兴的大背景下,一些公共艺术乡村实践在协调乡村未来发展需求的同时,展现了新时代背景下不同地域的文化生活状态,公共艺术作为一种文化艺术传播和与大众进行交流的形式,通过不同载体对村落的保护和发展起着重要作用。以大理凤羽为研究对象,以本土实践为切入点,对依托不同载体的乡村公共艺术作了深入调研和分析,归纳总结了凤羽公共艺术本土实践可借鉴设计及实施策略,促使对乡村公共艺术在地性设计实践与表达的再思考,为公共艺术的乡村实践提供了新的探索视角。

兴宁市农村饮用水水源地的铁与锰本底分析

以兴宁市农村饮用水水源地为研究对象,收集历史例行监测数据,筛选有代表性的水源地,制定监测方案开展序列月度监测,形成本底值数据库,通过正态检验、异常值剔除等数理统计方法计算最小值、最大值、5%分位数、95%分位数和中位数,对水源地的铁与锰本底值进行表征。基于本底值研究成果,水源地达标考核时剔除本底影响,达到客观评价水源地水环境质量的目的,为后续优化水源地水环境管理和评价提供技术支撑。

新质生产力赋能农业高质量发展:优势、挑战与路径

党的二十大报告指出,高质量发展是全面建设社会主义现代化国家的首要任务。高质量发展需要新的生产力理论指导,新质生产力是推动高质量发展的内在要求和重要着力点。作为国民经济基础的农业,要实现高质量发展,也必然要求新质生产力赋能。我国农业发展具有优越的制度和政策、广阔的空间和前景、飞速的技术进步等优势,也在技术、人才、资源、产业等方面存在一定问题,这使新质生产力赋能农业发展面临根基不稳、“智”力不足、进程缓慢、成效难显等现实挑战。为此,要因地制宜发展新质生产力、强化新质生产力技术内核、厚植新质生产力人才根基、凸显新质生产力绿色引领作用,切实推动农业高质量发展。

乡村收缩背景下精明发展路径探索——以黑龙江省牡丹江市兴隆镇乡村地区为例

精明收缩的发展思路为目前乡村所面临的收缩问题、促进乡村可持续发展提供了一种解决方式。本文分析了乡村收缩的普遍过程与总体特征,总结国际应对乡村收缩的路径,在此基础上探讨黑龙江省牡丹江市兴隆镇乡村地区的收缩现状,提出具体的应对策略。

乡村振兴背景下乡村地区转型与发展研究——以安徽省安庆市趾凤村为例

乡村地区的转型与发展是我国现阶段乡村振兴战略的一项重要任务。本文通过对乡村地区发展相关文献的梳理与分析,回溯了改革开放以来乡村的发展历程,厘清转型与发展的路径。并在此基础上,以安徽省安庆市趾凤村为例进行实证探索,提出优化道路空间、培育现代产业、融合旅游文化、统筹全域资源的转型与发展策略,以期为相关地区乡村的建设转型提供借鉴。

“十三五”期间杭州市农村地区环境空气质量变化趋势及臭氧影响研究

杭州市作为我国东部沿海地区的一个重要城市,近年来其农村地区面临着日益严峻的环境空气质量问题。2016—2020年杭州市农村地区空气质量综合指数呈现总体下降趋势,综合指数从2016年的1.91下降到2020年的1.66,但臭氧O3的浓度总体呈上升趋势,首要污染物O3占比从2016年的6.5%上升到2020年的26.7%。O3是一种高度植物毒性的空气污染物,会影响水稻、小麦和玉米等主要粮食作物的产量。“十三五”期间公顷粮食产量随着首要污染物O3占比的上升总体上呈下降趋势,对比国内外研究结果,O3对粮食产量存在一定影响。