This paper discusses a novel boost single-phase active AC-DC converters, named low-end semi-controlled bridge AC-DC converter. By analysis, its topology and principle can be derived from the conventional single-phase ...This paper discusses a novel boost single-phase active AC-DC converters, named low-end semi-controlled bridge AC-DC converter. By analysis, its topology and principle can be derived from the conventional single-phase power factor corrector （ PFC）. But it has also some differences, such as power device positions, inductor type, input voltage waveform detection and induction current detection, so its design is also different. The converter is implemented by employing two current detection approaches, i.e., current transformer detection and shunt resistor detection. Consequently, it can provide a steady DC output voltage with a low voltage ripple, approximately unitary input power factor and 2.5 kW output power. The experimental results show validity of the theoretical analysis.展开更多
相对论重离子对撞机(Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider,RHIC)-STAR(Solenoid Tracker at RHIC)实验测量了√s_(NN)=7.7~200 GeV能量下Au+Au碰撞中的净质子(净重子的代表)、净电荷和净K介子(净奇异数的代表)多重数分布的累积量,发现净质...相对论重离子对撞机(Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider,RHIC)-STAR(Solenoid Tracker at RHIC)实验测量了√s_(NN)=7.7~200 GeV能量下Au+Au碰撞中的净质子(净重子的代表)、净电荷和净K介子(净奇异数的代表)多重数分布的累积量,发现净质子四阶累积量与二阶累积量之比(κσ^(2))呈现出了非单调的能量依赖性行为。在相对论重离子碰撞实验中只能测到末态粒子的信息。因此,基于多相输运(A Multi-Phase Transport,AMPT)模型对Au+Au碰撞系统中守恒荷(重子数、电荷数和奇异数)的涨落性质进行了研究,发现AMPT模型的结果基本能描述RHIC-STAR实验结果。更重要的是,利用AMPT模型了解了相对论重离子碰撞动力学演化过程中几个关键效应(守恒荷粒子的产生和扩散、强子化、强子再散射和弱衰变)对守恒荷涨落演化及其粒子关联函数的影响。发现正负电荷之间关联可能源于弦熔化机制,重子(质子)关联函数符合重子数守恒期望,奇异数(净K介子)的关联函数源于对产生,这些代表量与守恒荷的对应关系行为上定性一致,但数量不同。虽然AMPT模型目前缺乏临界涨落机制,但我们的结果可以为守恒荷涨落的研究提供一条基线,这有助于在相对论重离子碰撞中寻找量子色动力学(Quantum Chromodynamics,QCD)临界点(Critical End Point,CEP)附近可能的临界行为。初步在模型中考虑临界密度涨落,结果发现它起着一定的作用。展开更多
相对论性重离子对撞的目的之一是寻找量子色动力学(Quantum Chromodynamics,QCD)临界终点(Critical End Point,CEP),实验中测到的净质子数扰动呈现出非单调的行为,这暗示了CEP的存在。本文使用了3味PNJL(Polyakov-loop Nambu-Jona-Lasin...相对论性重离子对撞的目的之一是寻找量子色动力学(Quantum Chromodynamics,QCD)临界终点(Critical End Point,CEP),实验中测到的净质子数扰动呈现出非单调的行为,这暗示了CEP的存在。本文使用了3味PNJL(Polyakov-loop Nambu-Jona-Lasinio)模型,沿着从实验数据中拟合的化学冻结线,计算了重子数扰动累积量之比C4/C2随对撞能量的变化。结果发现,基于平衡态假设,在对撞能量7.7~200 GeV范围内,随着对撞能量的降低,C4/C2先缓慢下降后上升,这与实验数据一致。这也暗示平衡态假设可以用于探索重离子对撞后系统的演化行为,揭示了相变线跟化学冻结线的关系对观测量的影响非常重要。展开更多
文摘This paper discusses a novel boost single-phase active AC-DC converters, named low-end semi-controlled bridge AC-DC converter. By analysis, its topology and principle can be derived from the conventional single-phase power factor corrector （ PFC）. But it has also some differences, such as power device positions, inductor type, input voltage waveform detection and induction current detection, so its design is also different. The converter is implemented by employing two current detection approaches, i.e., current transformer detection and shunt resistor detection. Consequently, it can provide a steady DC output voltage with a low voltage ripple, approximately unitary input power factor and 2.5 kW output power. The experimental results show validity of the theoretical analysis.
文摘相对论重离子对撞机(Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider,RHIC)-STAR(Solenoid Tracker at RHIC)实验测量了√s_(NN)=7.7~200 GeV能量下Au+Au碰撞中的净质子(净重子的代表)、净电荷和净K介子(净奇异数的代表)多重数分布的累积量,发现净质子四阶累积量与二阶累积量之比(κσ^(2))呈现出了非单调的能量依赖性行为。在相对论重离子碰撞实验中只能测到末态粒子的信息。因此,基于多相输运(A Multi-Phase Transport,AMPT)模型对Au+Au碰撞系统中守恒荷(重子数、电荷数和奇异数)的涨落性质进行了研究,发现AMPT模型的结果基本能描述RHIC-STAR实验结果。更重要的是,利用AMPT模型了解了相对论重离子碰撞动力学演化过程中几个关键效应(守恒荷粒子的产生和扩散、强子化、强子再散射和弱衰变)对守恒荷涨落演化及其粒子关联函数的影响。发现正负电荷之间关联可能源于弦熔化机制,重子(质子)关联函数符合重子数守恒期望,奇异数(净K介子)的关联函数源于对产生,这些代表量与守恒荷的对应关系行为上定性一致,但数量不同。虽然AMPT模型目前缺乏临界涨落机制,但我们的结果可以为守恒荷涨落的研究提供一条基线,这有助于在相对论重离子碰撞中寻找量子色动力学(Quantum Chromodynamics,QCD)临界点(Critical End Point,CEP)附近可能的临界行为。初步在模型中考虑临界密度涨落,结果发现它起着一定的作用。
